Peb yuav ua tiag teb lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cuneiform icons

Yuav ua li cas yog cuneiform, niaj hnub no ob peb paub, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nqaim tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntawm Philology. Meanwhile, ua tsaug rau cuneiform sau ntawv, peb muaj cov muaj peev xwm sau tau lawv tej kev xav thiab cov lus rau ntawm daim ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cuneiform icons.

Yuav ua li cas yog cuneiform?

Cuneiform sau ntawv yog ib tug ancient daim ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv uas ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas sharpened sticks rau av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj tau tso ib co paib.

Raws li ib yam ntawm cov cuneiform ntawv originated nyob rau hauv lub Sumerian kab lis kev cai. Qhov no tso cai rau hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm kev txawj ntse los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam thiab pab mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias lub teb chaws tau muab ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no.

Tsis tas li ntawd, archaeologists muaj sab ob peb hom ancient cov tsiaj ntawv, uas zoo sib xws rau cov cuneiform. Qhov no Persian cuneiform, qhov thiaj li hu ua Ugaritic, thiab Cypro-Minoan syllabary.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws lub teb chaws cuneiform

Teb rau ib lo lus nug txog dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm cuneiform icons mus xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tshaj thiab zoo-kawm Sumerian-Babylonian kab lis kev cai.

Tus thawj cuneiform ntsiav tshuaj ntawm lub teb chaws, lub npe hu rau niaj hnub zaum, hnub rov qab mus rau 3500 BC. e.

Ntawm dej ntws Tsov thiab Euphrates nws tau hais tag nrho cov paub Sumerian lub nceeg vaj. Nws yog lub xeev nrog rau cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog nrog ib tug txheej ntawm nws cov kev cai, nrog ib tug nplua nuj kev lig kev cai ntawm cov phau ntawv uas ua tau lub av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj.

Nyob rau cov ntsiav tshuaj sau txawv cov lus qhia: ib tug forerunner ntawm cov kev cai rau tsev neeg suav.

Icons lawv tus kheej feem ntau los ntawm tus nqi nyob ze rau lub cim. Txawm li cas los, lawv twb xaiv tej yam lus ob peb ua ke thiab muaj ntau zwj ceeb tshaj lub ancient Iyiv Hieroglyphs.

Cov hypothesis ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cuneiform sau ntawv icons

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub cuneiform icons nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia muaj ob peb hypotheses. Raws li ib tug ntawm feem ntau sawv daws yuav, muaj cuneiform icons raws li nram no.

Tus tswv ntawm loj ua liaj ua teb thiab pastoral holdings yuav tsum tau kom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv cov vaj tse. No av nplaum, uas yog tus nais khu nyob rau hauv cov seem, ua tshwj xeeb figurines, hu ua tokens. Tokens tau molded nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj los yog nqaij qaib, zoo li raws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov grains, qe, thiab lwm yam

Tokens raug tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug earthen txog ntsha, uas foob tus kheej tsiaj hiav txwv ntawm tus tswv tsev, vim hais tias tsuas yog nws muaj kev nkag tau mus rau txoj kev paub no.

Ntxiv mus, nrog rau txoj kev ntawm tib neeg kev kawm, muaj ib tug kev cai rau kos ib zwj ceeb cim cov tokens rau lub hau ntawm ib tug av nplaum txog ntsha, thiab cov hlab twb tseem kho thiab muab mus rau hauv yooj yim av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj.

Hloov thiab style icons. Yog hais tias lawv tau muaj lub cim ntawm ib tug imitative thiab twb zoo ib yam li cov neeg ntawm cov tsiaj, uas qhia tau hais tias lawv yog tam sim no xws probation thiab schematically los ntawm txoj kev cia li muab lawv mus rau hauv tshiab av nplaum los yog txawm siv ib tug tshwj xeeb number case sau ntawv lo.

Yog li ntawd, peb yuav to taub dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm cuneiform icons, nws yog ib qhov qub icon.

Txuas ob tug sib txawv pictograms muab ib lo lus tshiab. Yog li muaj ideography thiab siv cov cim. Piv txwv li, yog tias koom ua ke ob Tej yam tshwm sim rau lub qe thiab nqaij qaib, nws meant "lub fertility thiab zoo." Cuneiform inscriptions kom meej meej heev cia peb xav txog xws li ib tug feature.

Los ntawm txoj kev, cuneiform, uas sawv nyob rau hauv lub Sumerian kab lis kev cai, sai sai kis thoob plaws hauv lub Middle East, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau Suav thiab Iyiv Hieroglyphs. cuneiform tej yam tshwm sim twb yooj yim rau to taub, lawv kom nws yooj yim rau koj nco ntsoov thiab sau ntawv. Yog li ntawd hnub no koj yuav kawm ib tug loj heev tooj ntawm cov av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv.

Niaj hnub nimno scholars ntseeg tau hais tias lub Sumerian cuneiform sau ntawv muaj ib tug tej yam ntxwv zoo rau Phoenician sau ntawv, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, pab cov creation ntawm lub ancient Greek cov tsiaj ntawv, uas yog ib yam ntawm cov txwv zeej txwv koob cov ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Tom qab ntawd, li cas los xij, qhov no zoo ntawm kev sau ntawv tau raug poob lawm. tau ntev lain nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj, yog hais tias lawv tsis nyob rau hauv lub puas tawm xyoo muab lawv xim rau European kws tshawb fawb.

Keeb kwm deciphering lub cuneiform tej yam tshwm sim

Kawm cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cuneiform icons, koj yuav tsis quav ntsej qhov teeb meem ntawm deciphering lawv.

Npaj siab rau decipher lub cim zaum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Ntaub ntawv uas lawv twb cim rau cov phiaj tom qab lub sij hawm, sau rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov rulers thiab lawv txoj hauj lwm zoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm archaeological excavations nyob rau hauv lub ancient Babylon, tsis tsuas heev heev piv txwv ntawm cuneiform tau pom, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zoo ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus, uas kawm rau sab qaum chav kawm ntawm lub teb chaws.

Vim cov kev tshawb pom, feem ntau cov av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj deciphered. Historians muab invaluable ntaub ntawv hais txog lub neej nyob rau hauv ancient Sumeria. Rau hnub tim, nyob twj ywm undeciphered cuneiform inscriptions tsuas yog tus kuaj, qhov thiaj li hu ua proto-Sumerian sau ntawv.