Passive nyob rau hauv German: yuav ua li cas kom raug thov

Liabilities nyob rau hauv lub German lus, nyob rau hauv tus, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam, yog lub passive suab, uas qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas ib tug kwv uas txiav txim nws undergoes. Ntxiv mus, nws feem ntau qhia cov kev tshwm sim.

loj heev

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lav nyob rau hauv lub German lus yog ntau npaum li cas ntau thaum muab piv rau Lavxias teb sab. Thiab, raws li, nws yog siv ntau npaum li cas feem ntau. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb kawm nyob rau hauv qhov tob lub npe thiab kawm kom paub mus thov cov kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv xyaum. Liabilities nyob rau hauv lub German lus muaj cov nram qab no tsim: los ntawm transitive verbs , thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov tsis tau ua tsis tau ib tug pab qhia txog kev ua, uas suab zoo li werden. Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib tug muab lus, muaj ob collateral - active thiab passive. German yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho passive lug. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv uas qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb lub lav nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov kab lus. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no yog cov kab lus: "Nyob rau hauv Deutschland wird sehr viel gearbeitet". Translates nws raws li nram no: "Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm." Muaj yog kom meej meej pom raws li ib tug lav hais txog qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, thiab nws txoj kev ua yog.

Conversion ntawm active rau passive

Nws yog feem ntau rooj plaub nyob rau hauv German. Rau cov active muab passive, nws yuav tsum yog ib tus zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub accusative cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog tus kwv, tig mus rau hauv ib tug kawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tus kwv qhia dative thiab kuj nrog lub preposition von. Qhov no yog qhov tsuas yog kev hloov, lwm yam, theem nrab, thiab cov tswv cuab yog. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov qhia txog kev tau daim ntawv tsis muaj nyob tsis muaj qhov kev pom zoo nrog tus tshiab qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev siv ntawm lub ntsiab lus tsis hloov. Wb hais tias: "Jeder Mensch macht zwei Aufgaben". Qhov no kab lus yog txhais raws li nram no: "Txhua tus yog ua ob yam." Yog hais tias koj tsim no lub tswv yim txawv, namely raws li nram no: "Tuag beiden Aufgaben werden von einer Tus Neeg", ces nws yuav hloov ib me ntsis, vim hais tias lub suab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nws yuav zoo li no: "Ob tug teeb meem no yog los ntawm ib tug neeg." Lub ntsiab lus yog tib yam, raws li tau pom, vim hais tias cov ntsiab cai tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog cov siv ntawm ib tug tib daim ntawv.

Kawm ntaub ntawv lub passive suab

Kuaj lav nyob rau hauv lub German lus raws li lub npe implies, yog hais txog mus rau ib tug kev hloov ntawm lub xeev. Zoo li cov nqe lus txhais ib txwm cwm pwm-indeterminate ua ke. Lawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav passive. Nws yog ib nqi hais ib yam. Liabilities nyob rau hauv lub German lus - tshwj xeeb yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, vim hais tias kev kho mob yuav tsum tau thov mus rau tsim ntawm lub passive suab nyob rau hauv Plusquamperfekt, raws li zoo raws li Perfekt. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob, siv tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lo lus Sein, piv txwv li koom haum pab qhia txog kev ua, worden (los ntawm tus ceev xwm) thiab tej txhais me me Partizip II. Semantic load rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm no ib feem ntawm tus hais lus yog ib co tub. Uas yog vim li cas koj yuav tau siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm kawm cov teeb meem raws li lav nyob rau hauv lub German lus. Lub rooj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis zoo li los pab vim hais tias txhua qhia txog kev ua hloov ib lub zuj zus - no nws yog tsim nyog los kawm cov kev cai.

Passive lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub German lus

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hom yav tas los hais passive suab. Nws nruab nrab yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ncaj qha kev ua cog lus. Muab muab ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm seb, nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub xeev ntawm cov kwv. Nws suab li no: "wie ist der Zustand?". Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub proposals rau constructing xws ib daim ntawv, muaj yog tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas ntawm kev txiav txim. Yog, thiab nyob rau hauv peb hom lus xws Siv feem ntau yog txhais raws li nyuag kev cais. Ib tug piv txwv: "Du bist eingeladen". Yog hais tias koj tsom xam nyob rau hauv kom meej, thaum lub Lavxias teb sab yog txhais li "Koj muaj ib tug qhua." Thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyuag kev ntau npaum li cas cov zajlus kom: "Koj nyob nraum caw". Passive xeev peev xwm yuav tsim siv Sein qhia txog kev ua, uas yog ib tug subsidiary. Nws yog siv tsuas yog nyob rau yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Wb hais tias: "Das Essen ist zubereitet wird" thiab "Das Essen tsov rog zubereitet wird" - "zaub mov npaj" thiab "cov khoom noj siav."

Hloov passive Siv

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias, txawm tus nquag siv ntawm lub passive suab nyob rau hauv lub German lus, muaj ib co hau kev los mus tsis txhob siv. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ntawm cov lus uas siv cov modal verbs. Lawv hloov los ntawm kev siv ligaments Sein + zu + infinitive. Piv txwv li, cov kab lus "Das Ke kann repariert werden", txhais li "mobile xov tooj yuav kho", zog rau "Das Ke ist zu reparieren". Muaj lwm txoj kev uas yuav hloov cov kab lus. Rau lub hom phiaj no rau tag nrho cov tib "Sein", thiab lub chaw tas nrog ib tug ntawm cov nram qab no lus: "-lich" los yog "-Bar". Muaj yog tsis muaj tseeb txoj cai hais txog tej uas lawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv. Cov tib kev txog cov xov tooj txawb yuav tsum nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv zoo li no: "Das Ke lässt sich reparieren". Thiab ntau siv sich lassen turnover nrog ib tug infinitive. Yog hais tias peb coj raws li ib qho piv txwv rau hauv lub yav tas los hais kab lus, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws suab zoo li no: "Das Ke lässt sich reparieren". Uas ntawm cov kev xaiv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv - nws nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm cov lus qhia. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv colloquial German yog feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv, abbreviations. Nws yog yooj yim, ceev ceev, ntshiab thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, competently.