Nyaum thiab teeb meem ntau lawm yam.

Tam sim no, vim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej, uas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw sai heev, ua hauj lwm rau yog yuam mus nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug tshiab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm lawv: yuav ua li cas kom muaj kev noj qab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tam sim no tus account rau tag nrho cov rog mus nrog cov phenomenon ntawm txaus ntshai thiab teeb meem ntau lawm yam. Lawv txawv dog dig ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab nrog lawv, koj yuav tsum to taub nws yog dab tsi.

Tej yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm - yog cov uas ua rau tsis zoo los, piv txwv li, ib tug ntau yam ntawm mechanisms, cov cav tov. Tab sis teeb meem maj thiab maj mam muab ntxiv rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm hauj lwm cov kab mob, e.g., carcinogens, tshuaj.

Yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm thiab lawv kev faib yog raws li nram no: tus thawj pab pawg neeg - cov tib neeg (co, suab nrov, hmoov av), lub thib ob pab pawg neeg - tshuaj (lead, mercury, radium), peb pab pawg neeg - lom (cov kab mob, spores, microbes), thiab plaub - physiological (kev nyuaj siab, overwork , neural overload).

Qhov tseeb yog hais tias tus yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv yog tam sim no es teeb meem loj yuav kam nrog tseem fwv ntawd pab yog tsim nyog, standardization thiab normatizatsiya. Tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws, muaj lub cev uas saib xyuas kev ua raws cai nrog rau cov cai ntawm cov teeb meem thiab yus lawm yam.

Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm, hem noj qab haus huv ntawm peb cov kwv tij pej xeem pw nyob rau hauv tos ib pliag thoob plaws lub teb chaws? Peb pib nrog lub suab nrov uas yog tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib lub suab uas tshwm sim thaum tus neeg kho tshuab deeg nyob rau hauv lub gaseous, khoom thiab kua xov xwm. Lub suab nrov ua rau tsis xis nyob thiab tes nrog rau tej tib neeg lub neej. Thaum nce suab siab, nws tsis zoo muaj feem xyuam rau cov hloov khoom nruab nrog ntawm lub rooj sib hais uas suab yog dab tsi. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntsuas qhov ntim ntawm lub tam sim no siv dvushkalny suab 'meter'. Yog li ntawd, lub volume ntawm ntau tshaj 140 decibels yooj yim ua rau mob nyhuv. Objectively, cov nyhuv ntawm cov suab nrov yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov ces: nce ntshav siab, tsis hnov pom tseeb tseeb, kev kawm ntawv, attenuated xim, muaj kiv taub hau, insomnia, qaug zog. Yuav kom tshwj kom txhob lub teeb meem los ntawm cov suab nrov nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav siv tau lub suab rwb thaiv tsev, silencers, tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom (tshwj xeeb nyiam, pob ntseg plugs, etc.).

Teeb meem ntau lawm yam - tshuaj. Lawv muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no pab pawg: cov khoom tshuaj lom (ib co xim, arsenic, txhuas), thiab gaseous thiab kua tshuaj lom (acetylene, benzene, ether, thiab thiaj li nyob). Los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lawv toxicity yog muab faib ua caustic rau cov ntshav, ua pa system, lub paj hlwb. Control ntawm tus nqi ntawm concentration ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov yuav tsum tau nqa Sanepidemstantsii. Yuav kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm raug lead lom lawv mus rau tus neeg koj xav tau rau automate thiab mechanize ntau lawm.

Mob yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm - nws tseem yog banal hmoov av. Cov khoom feeb hais uas yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua rau ib tug thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug tshem tawm lub xeev, tsim los ntawm lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov vaj tse, nto tu, painting thiab decorating, thiab hais txog. Plua plav mob rau tib neeg nyob rau ntawm nws lub muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Tam sim no, vim txoj kev siv cov nuclear zog yog heev teeb meem los rau tib neeg lub cev muaj ib tug tawg. Nws yog tau ua phem heev cov kab mob xws li tawg kev mob kev nkeeg los yog mob cancer. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub arsenal zaum thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no tsis muaj ib puas feem pua zoo txoj kev ntawm hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv.

Los ntawm biological factors ntawm ntau lawm yog cuam tshuam feem ntau biologists, cov kws kho mob thiab kws tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub tshwj kom txhob muaj lub cev ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab mob yuav tsum tau tsim tshwj xeeb tshuaj tua kab mob.

Zoo thiab psychophysiological yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm muaj kev cuam tshuam tib neeg professions xws li tsheb tsav tsheb, kev kuaj tsav, thiab li ntawm. Sib ntaus ua raws li los ntawm kev txo hawm ua hauj lwm thiab mus muab ib tug soothing leisure.