Ntxaib paradox (xav xyaum ua tej yam): Piav

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug xav xyaum ua tej hu ua "ntxaib paradox" yog ib tug refutation ntawm taub hau thiab raug cai ntawm cov tshwj xeeb kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity (str). Nws yuav tsum tam sim ntawd ua rau ib tug tshwj tseg, uas hais txog tej paradox yog ua tau tawm ntawm cov nqe lus nug, raws li lo lus zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm vim hais tias cov essence ntawm tus xav li cas xyaum ua tej yam yog Ameslikas incorrectly txhais.

Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm srt

Lub paradox ntawm Relativity (ntxaib paradox) hais tias "taag" observer perceives lub tsiv khoom raws li cov txheej txheem slows cia. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov tib lub hom phiaj inertial siv system (a system nyob rau hauv uas lub zog ntawm xoob lub cev tshwm sim uniformly, los sis lawv yog thaum so) sib npaug zos rau txhua lwm yam.

Lub paradox ntawm tus menyuam ntxaib: luv luv

Xav lub thib ob postulate inconsistency tshwm sim assumption ntawm tshwj xeeb Relativity. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no kom meej meej, nws twb tau thov kom los saib xyuas qhov teeb meem no nrog ob tug ntxaib cov kwv tij. Ib tug (kuj - Traveler) yog xa mus rau qhov chaw sib ntaus, thiab lwm yam (couch qos) yog sab laug rau lub ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb.

Cov hais ntawm tus menyuam ntxaib paradox nyob rau hauv xws tej yam kev mob feem ntau yog mus li no: Assessment homebody, lub sij hawm rau ntawm lub moos, uas yog nyob rau traveler, tsiv maj mam, uas txhais tau tias thaum nws rov qab los, nws (tus traveler), lub moos yuav poob qab. Traveler, rau lwm cov tes, pom tau hais tias nws txav txheeb ze rau lub ntiaj teb (uas yog ib tug homebody nrog nws moos), thiab, ntawm nws foundations, nws yog nws tus tij laug lub sij hawm yuav mus qeeb.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov ob kwv tij yog muaj sib npaug, thiab yog li, thaum lawv yuav tau nyob ua ke, lawv teev yuav tib lub sij hawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity nws yuav tsum kom saib tij laug-traveler. Qhov no pom meej ua txhaum ntawm symmetry twb pom raws li ib tug inconsistency ntawm kev tshawb xav.

Menyuam ntxaib paradox ntawm Einstein tus lub hom phiaj ntawm Relativity

Nyob rau hauv 1905, Albert Einstein muab ib tug theorem, uas hais tias thaum nyob rau hauv point Ib tug khub ntawm synchronized nrog txhua lwm yam teev, koj txav tau ib co ntawm lawv nrog ib tug nkhaus kaw txoj kev nrog ib tug qhov ceev raws li ntev raws li lawv nyob nraum tsis ua los ntawm ib tug (thiab rau qhov no nws yuav siv, piv txwv li, t vib nas this), tab sis thaum lub caij lawv tuaj txog qhia tsawg lub sij hawm tshaj lub sij hawm uas tseem nyob tseem.

Rau xyoo tom qab ntawd, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov paradox ntawm no ziag no muab Pol Lanzheven. "Qhwv" nyob rau hauv ib tug yeeb yam zaj dabneeg, nws sai tau chaw txawm tias cov neeg nyob deb ntawm science. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov Langevin, inconsistencies nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias, rov qab mus rau ntiaj teb, tus traveler twb tsiv sai heev.

Ob xyoos tom qab, Max von Laue yog advanced version uas yog tsis tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawm acceleration ntawm tus kwv, thiab lub fact tias nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv inertial num ntawm reference, thaum nws tshwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Thaum kawg nyob rau hauv 1918 Einstein nws tus kheej yuav piav qhia txog lub paradox ntawm cov menyuam ntxaib los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub gravitational teb rau hauv chav kawm ntawm lub sij hawm.

Cov kev tshab txhais ntawm lub paradox

ntxaib paradox piav yog heev yooj yim: tus thawj assumption koob pheej ntawm lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tug ntas ntawm reference yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Lub traveler yog nyob rau hauv lub inertial siv system yog tsis yog txhua txhua lub sij hawm (qhov no kuj siv tau rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub moos).

Raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, muaj ntau yam xav hais tias qhov tshwj xeeb kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity yuav siv tsis tau los kho cov lus ntawm tus menyuam ntxaib paradox, los yog tau incompatible nrog txhua lwm yam hau kev.

Txhua yam twb daws thaum nws tau tsim rau hauv lub dav kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity. Nws muab lub caij nyoog daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem thiab muaj peev xwm kom paub meej tias hais tias nws yog los ntawm ib khub ntawm cov neeg yuav pab tau kom synchronized ntoos uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab. Yog li ntawd chiv paradoxical ua hauj lwm tau txais ib tug dog dig raws li txoj cai.

contentious teeb meem

Muaj yog speculation hais tias cov acceleration lub sij hawm yog tseem ceeb txaus hloov lub moos ceev. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm heev heev sim ntsuam xyuas nws tau qhia tias nyob rau hauv tus ntawm accelerating cov zaj uas lub sij hawm tsis leeb thiab decelerate.

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg seem ntawm lub trajectory uas ib tug ntawm cov kwv tij ceev qhia tau hais tias ib co asymmetry sawv ntawm lub traveler thiab cov rooj zaum qos yaj ywm.

Tab sis qhov no daim ntawv qhia yuav tsis piav qhia yog vim li cas lub sij hawm yog tub ceevxwm cia ntawm ib tug tsiv kwv thiab tsis nyob rau hauv dab tsi tseem nyob ib leeg.

Xyuas xyaum

Twin Paradox qauv thiab theorems piav raws nraim, tab sis nws yog rau ib tug neeg kuag tooj kuag hlau nyuaj heev. Rau cov neeg uas muaj ntau inclined mus ntseeg txoj kev xyaum es theoretical suav, muaj heev heev thwmsim tswj los ua pov thawj los yog tsis pom zoo rau cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity.

Nyob rau hauv ib cov ntaub ntawv, peb siv ib tug atomic moos. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm high-precision, thiab tsawg kawg nkaus tawm ntawm sync lawv yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li ib lab lub xyoo. Muab tso rau hauv ib tug neeg caij dav hlau, lawv ya mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb ob peb lub sij hawm, thiab tom qab lub qhia tau tias yog heev hnov li lag ntawm lub moos uas yuav tsis ya. Thiab txawm lub fact tias lub zog kev ceev ntawm lub thawj qauv moos tsis yog cov teeb.

Lwm cov piv txwv: ib tug ntev lub neej ntawm muons (hnyav electrons). Cov elementary hais ntawm ob peb pua pua ntawm lub sij hawm hnyav dua li ib txwm, muaj ib tug tsis them nyiaj thiab yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Upper txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cosmic rays. Lawv ceev rau lub ntiaj teb tsuas mus concede ib tug me ntsis teeb. Thaum lawv yeej muaj tseeb lub neej expectancy (2 microseconds), lawv yuav lwj sai dua kov qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub davhlau, lawv nyob 15 lub sij hawm ntev (30 microseconds) thiab tseem mus txog lub hom phiaj.

Lub cev yog vim li cas rau cov kev pauv ntawm Pib ntsais koj teeb thiab paradox

Twin Paradox piav txog cov physics thiab ntau mus siv cuag lus. Raws li ntev raws li muaj ib tug sib ntaus, ob qho tib si ntxaib tij laug yog tawm ntawm ntau yam ntawm txhua cheeb tsam mus rau lwm lub thiab yuav tsis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum xyuas kom meej tias lawv ntoos tsiv synchronously. Yuav kom txiav txim raws nraim li cas npaum li cas slows cia lub zog ntawm cov sij hawm qhov traveler tau, yog hais tias peb tsom xam cov Pib ntsais koj teeb uas lawv xa mus rau txhua lwm yam. Qhov no conditioned Pib ntsais koj teeb "leej lub sij hawm", qhia raws li tej teeb pulses los yog video kis tau tus mob moos lub ntsej muag.

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub teeb liab yuav tsis tau kis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, txij thaum lub teeb liab hais tawm tshwm sim ntawm ib yam ceev thiab yuav tsum tau ib lub sij hawm mus ncig teb chaws los ntawm lub qhov mus rau lub receiver.

Kom kwv yees cov kev sib tham lub teeb liab yuav ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub doppler nyhuv: los ntawm tshem lub qhov chaw los ntawm cov receiver zaus teeb liab yog txo, thiab thaum nce - nce.

Cov hais ntawm tus piav nyob rau hauv ib tug paradoxical teeb meem

Yuav kom piav qhia txog lub paradoxes ntawm xws dab neeg nrog cov menyuam ntxaib, koj yuav siv tau ob yooj yim txoj kev:

1. Ib tug ceev faj kev saib xyuas ntawm cov muaj zajlus kom constructs rau contradictions thiab qhia cov zajlus kom tsis nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau ntawm txoj kev xav.
2. Yuav ua raws li ncauj lus kom ntxaws suav rau kev ntsuam xyuas inhibition fact lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov kwv tij.

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg computational kab zauv raws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub inertial siv system. Lub implication yog hais tias lub sib nrauj feem xyuam rau cov acceleration ntawm lub zog yog li ntawd me me nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm lub davhlau, hais tias lawv yuav tsum tsis saib tsis xyuas. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tej zaum yuav nkag mus rau ib tug thib peb inertial num ntawm reference uas yog tsiv los ntawm lub txee kev taw qhia tiv thaiv cov traveler thiab yog siv los hloov cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws cov moos mus rau lub ntiaj teb.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg xws li kev xam ua tau muab qhov tseeb hais tias lub sij hawm ceev tsab ntawv tsa suab yog tseem tam sim no. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm nws tus kheej yog tseem muab faib ua ob pawg: ib siv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus (general Relativity), thiab lwm yam - tsis muaj. Yog hais tias kev Relativity yog muab kev koom tes, nws yog lam xav tias nyob rau hauv kab zauv tshwm gravitational teb, uas sib raug mus rau lub acceleration system, thiab yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub sij hawm kev hloov tus nqi ndlwg.

xaus

Tag nrho cov kev sib tham uas muaj feem rau cov xav txog tej yam paradox, vim muaj ib tug seeming zajlus kom yuam kev. Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov teeb meem tau raug formulated los xyuas kom meej tias cov kwv tij pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug kiag li symmetrical tej yam kev mob, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ua tim nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lub sij hawm yog slowed down precisely rau lub tsiv moos, uas yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm ib tug kev hloov ntawm reference ntas, vim hais tias cov kev tshwm sim simultaneity yog txheeb ze.

Xam ntau npaum li cas lub sij hawm tau tub ceevxwm los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov kwv tij, nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: siv cov yeeb yam yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb kev tshawb xav ntawm Relativity, los yog tsom rau qhov uas tsis yog-inertial siv ncej. Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ob xam Circuit Court tej zaum yuav ob tog pom zoo thiab sib npaug pab kom paub meej tias tias cov tsiv moos lub sij hawm yog qeeb qeeb.

Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, peb yuav xav hais tias cov hloov mus rau lwm tus xav li cas xyaum ua tej yam nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag rau ib tug leej twg yuav coj qhov chaw homebody, yeej loj hlob laus sai dua tus traveler.