Alkaline ntiaj teb co: ib nyuag lus piav qhia txog

Alkaline ntiaj teb co yog hais tias yuav mus rau lub thib ob pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic rooj. Cov no muaj xws tshuaj xws li calcium, magnesium, barium, beryllium, strontium, thiab radium. Lub npe ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawd hais tias lawv tsim ib tug alkaline ras txog nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb co, los yog es lawv ntsev, yog ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm cov zaub mov. Qhov kos yog radium, uas yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj kev caij.

Tag nrho cov saum toj no co muaj ib co heev zoo uas tso cai rau kom muab lawv mus rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg.

Alkaline ntiaj teb co thiab lawv lub zog

Zoo tag nrho cov ntsiab yog cov khib nyiab grayish xim (yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob thiab ambient kub). Incidentally, lub cev thaj chaw ntawm alkali hlau yog me ntsis txawv - cov tshuaj txawm hais tias heev resistant, tab sis yog yooj yim raug.

Interestingly, nrog rau ib theem zuj zus tooj nyob rau hauv lub rooj loj hlob thiab ib tug hlau tivthaiv raws li ceev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no muaj qhov qis index ntawm calcium, thaum radium ceev zoo xws li cov hlau.

Alkaline ntiaj teb co: Tshuaj khoom

Rau ib tug pib nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias cov tshuaj ua si nce raws li lub serial tooj ntawm cov periodic rooj. Piv txwv li, beryllium yog heev resistant caij. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog rau oxygen thiab halogens los tsuas yog muaj zog cua sov. Tib yam siv rau lub magnesium. Tab sis calcium tau oxidize maj mam txawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Qhov seem peb tus neeg sawv cev pab pawg neeg (radium, barium, thiab strontium) sai hnov mob nrog rau oxygen hauv cov huab cua txawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Uas yog vim li cas cia cov ntsiab, yuav tsum vov txheej ntawm kerosene.

Kev ua oxides thiab hydroxides ntawm cov hlau nce nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Piv txwv li, beryllium hydroxide yog tsis soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab yog pom tias ib tug amphoteric yeeb tshuaj, thiab barium hydroxide yog ib tug ncaj muaj zog alkali.

Alkaline ntiaj teb co thiab lawv nyuag yam ntxwv

Beryllium yog ib tug hlau resistant lub teeb grey xim nqaij daim tawv, muaj ib tug siab toxicity. Thawj lub caij twb ntes tau nyob rau hauv 1798 los ntawm ib tug chemist Vauquelin. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj ntau ntau beryllium minerals, ntawm uas nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov nram no: beryl, Phenacite, danalite thiab chrysoberyl. Incidentally, ib co isotopes ntawm beryllium muaj siab radioactivity.

Nws yog nthuav tias ib txhia ntaub ntawv ntawm beryl yog tseem ceeb jewellery pob zeb. Qhov no yuav muaj xws li cov kab tho, aquamarine thiab heliodor.

Beryllium yog siv los ua ib co alloys propellant. Nyob rau hauv lub nuclear fais fab kev lag luam , qhov no caij yog siv los qeeb neutrons.

Calcium yog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo ntawm alkaline ntiaj teb co. Nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv nws yog ib tug mos mos cov ntaub ntawv uas nrog ib tug silvery dawb xim zas. Tus thawj ntshiab calcium tau tau faib nyob rau hauv 1808. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, qhov no caij yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov xws li marble, limestone thiab gypsum. Calcium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub technologies. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug tshuaj roj qhov twg los, raws li zoo li ib tug tua hluav taws resistant khoom. Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas cov calcium uas compound siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua lub tsev ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuaj noj.

Qhov no lub caij no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv txhua txhua nyob kab mob. Yeej, nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov licas.

Magnesium yog ib tug khaub-ncaws nyias thiab txaus malleable hlau nrog ib tug yam ntxwv greyish xim. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv nws twb cais nyob rau hauv 1808, tab sis nws ntsev los ua lub npe hu npaum li cas lawm. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob, magnesium yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov xws li magnesite, dolomite, carnallite, kieserite. Incidentally, lub magnesium ntsev muab dej hardness. Ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm lub tebchaw ntawm no substance yuav muaj nyob rau hauv seawater.