Nto moo txawj sau ntawv-tub rog

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg lub feem ntau ntshav thiab ntawd kub ntev li yuav luag 4 xyoo, nws yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm txhua tsausmuag qee uas coj lub neej ntawm lab ntawm cov neeg.

Cov neeg siv cwj mem: qhov tseeb txog tsov rog

tshee ua txawm lub loj hlob sab nqaij daim tawv kev ncua deb ntawm cov neeg nyob deb txheej xwm, txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tsov rog; tam sim no tiam tsis nyob twj ywm indifferent rau lub siab tawv thiab heroism ntawm lub Soviet cov tub rog. Ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub veracity ntawm tus txheej xwm ntawm kev tsov rog xyoo ua si ib lo lus piav qhia ntawm sau ntawv thiab paj huam, ntawv, sawv, coj thiab inspiring. Nws yog lawv - sau ntawv thiab paj huam-pem hauv ntej-line tub rog, siv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv lub battlefield, nws twb hais mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm cov niaj hnub tiam ntawm tib neeg lub neej thiab cov kev ua ntawm cov neeg, los ntawm uas depended lub neej tej zaum. Writers ntshav rog tseeb piav nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm rau pem hauv ntej cua, lub guerrilla zog, lub heev ntawm trekking thiab lub neej nyob rau hauv lub tsheb, ib tug muaj zog tub rog tus phooj ywg, ib tug xav ua kom tau heroism, Xus, thiab cowardly desertion.

Creative tiam yug los ua tsov rog

Kws ntawv-tub rog - yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib tiam ntawm heroic cov neeg uas tau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab post-tsov rog lub sij hawm. Ib txhia ntawm lawv raug tua nyob rau pem hauv ntej, lwm leej lwm tus tau nyob ntev thiab tuag, raws li lawv hais, tsis yog los ntawm cov laus muaj hnub nyoog thiab los ntawm qub qhov txhab.

1924 twb cim los ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tag nrho tiam ntawm cov tub rog, paub thoob plaws lub teb chaws: Boris Vasilyev, Viktor Astafjevs, Julia Drunina, Bulat Okudzhava, Vasil Bykov. Cov sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog, uas daim ntawv teev yog tsis exhaustive, kev nyuaj siab nrog ib tug tsov rog ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum lawv cia li muab 17 xyoo.

Boris Vasiliev - ib tug txawv tshaj plaw neeg

Yuav luag tag nrho cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais 20s yuav tsis raug cawm dim nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai tsov rog. Nws dim tsuas yog 3% ntawm cov uas yog Boris Vasilyev txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tau tuag nyob rau hauv lub 34th xyoo ntawm typhus nyob rau hauv lub 41st nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub 43rd - kuv-ncab. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub me nyuam tub, nws tuaj, yog ib tug cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, thiab tshuab-phom tsev kawm ntawv, tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub plav tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, nws kawm nyob rau cov tub rog Academy. Tom qab tsov rog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Urals tester tracked thiab wheeled tsheb. Nws twb tawm nrog cov nyob qib engineer-tus tauj ncov loj nyob rau hauv 1954; demobilization yog vim li cas - cov muaj siab mus koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ua ub no.

Tub rog lub ntsiab tus neeg sau nplooj siab rau tej hauj lwm raws li "Daim ntawv tsis tau txhais hais tias", "Tag kis yog lub ua tsov ua rog", "qub tub rog", "Tsis txhob tua nyob rau hauv dawb kuab". Boris Vasilyev ua nto moo tom qab cov ntawv nyob rau hauv 1969, tus tshiab "Tus dawns no yog nyob ntsiag to ...", teem nyob rau hauv 1971 nyob rau yeeb yam rau Taganka Yuri Lyubimov thiab picturized Stanislav Rostotsky nyob rau hauv 1972. Raws li cov scenario txawj sau ntawv nws raug tua li 20 films, xws li "khiav dej num", "Tag kis yog lub ua tsov ua rog", "Ata-ob, cov tub rog twb mus ...".

Kws ntawv-tub rog: Biography Victor Astafieva

Viktor Astafjevs, zoo li ntau sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tsom tsov rog raws li ib tug nyuaj siab raws li pom los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm ib tug dog dig tub rog - ib tug txiv neej, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog; nws tau txais lub txim nws nyob rau hauv abundance, thiab khoom plig bypassed los ntawm nws ib sab. Qhov no collective, semi ntawv duab ntawm pem hauv ntej-line tub rog, nyob tau ib lub neej nrog nws cov phooj ywg thiab accustom bravely saib tuag nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag, Astafjevs yog lom zem ntau theej los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nws wartime cov phooj ywg, contrasting nws cov me nyuam-tylovikov, feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj benign frontal tsam thoob plaws tsov rog. Rau lawv, nws, ib yam li lwm paj huam thiab sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog ntawm Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, muaj profound yuam cai.

Tus neeg sau ntawm xws nto moo tej hauj lwm raws li "King of ntses", "Npam thiab tua", "Xeem Nyo hau" rau nws liam cog lus rau West thiab ib tug ib txwm mus chauvinism, uas critics pom nyob rau hauv nws sau, nyob rau hauv nws tom qab xyoo twb tso tseg rau hauv lub xeev ntawm destiny rau uas tiv thaiv, thiab xa mus rau tuag nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg zos. Qhov ntawd yog cov ntsim nqi yuav tsum tau muab them Viktoru Astafevu - ib tug txiv neej uas yeej tsis tau muab li ib tug taw tes, rau lub siab xav mus hais lus qhov tseeb, saj yam iab thiab tu siab. Qhov tseeb uas tsis yog ntsiag to nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog; Lawv hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, uas tsis tau tsuas yeej, tab sis kuj poob ntau heev nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, ua ke nrog tus ntawm kev siab phem muaj ib tug depressing tus ntawm lub Soviet system thiab nws tus kheej nrog rog.

Bulat Okudzhava puas lub sij hawm ntsej mua nce ntshav sunset ...

Kwv huam thiab zaj nkauj ntawm Bulat Okudzhava ( "Kev thov Vajtswv," "Ib tag hmo trolley", "Zoo siab heev drummer", "Song ntawm cov tub rog 'khau looj plab hlaub') paub tag nrho lub teb chaws; nws tshiab "Foom koob hmoov rau koj, kawm," "rendezvous nrog Bonaparte", "Lus dilettantes" yog ib co ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab prose sau ntawv. Paub movies - "Zhenya, Zhenya thiab Katyusha", "Loyalty", ib tug screenwriter nws twb pom los ntawm ntau tshaj ib tiam, raws li zoo raws li tus naas ej "Belarusian railway chaw nres tsheb", qhov twg nws ua ib tug songwriter. Lub repertoire ntawm tus naas ej kws sau paj lug thiab singer zoo nkaus li txog 200 songs, txhua tus uas yog lawm ua tus sau nrog nws tus kheej keeb kwm. Bulat Okudzhava, zoo li lwm yam neeg sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog (yees duab yuav pom saum toj no) yog ib tug tawm lub cim ntawm nws lub sij hawm; nws concerts yeej ib txwm raug muag tawm, txawm tsis muaj zog ntawm nws has lug hab. Viewers qhia lawv impressions thiab coj lawv cov phooj ywg thiab cov acquaintances. Lub song "Peb yuav tsum tau ib tug yeej," los ntawm tus yeeb yam "The Belarusian Railway chaw nres tsheb" hu nkauj rau tag nrho cov teb chaws.

Nrog rau kev tsov kev rog Bulat ntsib nyob rau ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum xya, muaj sab laug tom qab kawm qib cuaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej raws li ib tug volunteer. Soldier, cov tub rog, tshuaj khib, tiv thaiv tsuas yog nyob rau North-Caucasian Pem hauv ntej, nws tau raug mob los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab aircraft, thiab tom qab cov kev kho mob yog nyob rau hauv hnyav artillery hais kom ua. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Bulat Okudzhava (thiab pom zoo nrog nws nws lug txhawb cov miv - sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog), ua tsov ua rog ntshai tsam los ntawm tag nrho cov, txawm tias cov neeg uas xav tias lawv twb braver tshaj lwm leej lwm tus.

Ua tsov ua rog ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm Vasil Bykov

Ib tug neeg uas lub Belarusian neeg pluag tsev neeg, Vasil Bykov mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 18 xyoo thiab tiv thaiv ua ntej lub yeej, muaj teb chaws zoo li Romania, Hungary, Austria. Nws raug mob vim ob zaug; Tom qab demobilization nws nyob rau hauv Belarus, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Grodno. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm nws ua hauj lwm tsis yog ua tsov ua rog nws tus kheej (uas yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm historians, tsis sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog), thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm tus tib neeg ntsuj plig, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv xws yooj yim tej yam kev mob. Ib tug neeg yuav tsum yuav ib tug txiv neej thiab ua neej nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj peev xwm kom ciaj sia rau cov tib neeg haiv neeg. Nta Bykov tus prose los ua ib tug caij nyoog mus liam lub Soviet critics nyob rau hauv lub desecration ntawm lub Soviet nyuab siab. Cov xovxwm lug w, censorship nyob rau tawm los ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, lawv txwv tsis pub muaj lawm txheej txheem. Vim xws phem thiab ib tug ntse deterioration nyob rau hauv kev kho mob, tus sau tau yuam kom khiav tawm nws teb koj chaw thiab mus nyob tej lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej (lub teb chaws ntawm pab koj tu siab), ces nyob rau hauv Finland thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws: "Ib tug txiv neej txoj kev tuag," "Crane quaj", "Alpine txhiab", "Krugloye choj", "Cov Tuag tsis txhob ua mob." Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Chingiz Aitmatov, lub Bulls tau khaws cia rau txoj hmoo ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab tseeb creativity sawv cev ntawm ib tug tag nrho tiam. Ib txhia tej hauj lwm tau yees duab: "Nyob txog kaj ntug", "Peb foob pob ua ntxaij".

Writers-cov qub tub rog: tsov rog kab ntawm paj huam

Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug txawj ntse ntxhais Julia Drunina, zoo li ntau sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog, kuv volunteered. Nyob rau hauv 1943 nws tau txais ib tug loj heev mob, los yog vim li cas ntawm cov uas twb paub invalid thiab lub zeem cia. Ces ua raws li los ntawm ib tug rov qab mus rau pem hauv ntej, Julia tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub Baltic thiab Pskov cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv 1944 nws tau rov mob taub hau thiab kom tsis muaj unsuitable rau ntxiv kev pab cuam. Nrog rau cov nyob qib sergeant, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Star thiab cov puav pheej "Rau siab tawv" Julia tom qab tsov rog tso paj huam sau "Lub tub rog lub greatcoat", siab pem hauv ntej-line lub sij hawm. Nws tau txais mus rau hauv lub Writers 'Union thiab rau tag nrho cov enlisted nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm kev tsov kev rog kws sau paj lug, xa mus rau lub wartime tiam.

Nrog rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tej collections raws li "tswb", "Koj nyob nraum tom ntej no", "kuv tus phooj ywg," "lub teb chaws - cov tub ntxhais hluas", "Trench hnub qub" Julia Drunina nquag koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua hauj lwm, tau txais prestigious prizes, ntau tshaj li ib zaug nws raug xaiv ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub editorial pab ntsa ntawm loj ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine, secretary ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm ntau yam koom haum ua teb ntawm sau ntawv. Dua li ntawm qhov universal hwm thiab paub, ib tug tag nrho Julia muab paj huam, piav txog nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov poj niam nyob rau hauv tsov rog, nws lub siab loj thiab kam rau ua, raws li zoo raws li lub incompatibility ntawm lub neej-muab hais txog poj niam nrog tua neeg thiab kev puas tsuaj.

Yury Bondarev: txoj hmoo ntawm tus txiv neej

Writers-cov qub tub rog thiab lawv tej hauj lwm ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab cov ntaub ntawv uas, ib tog mus rau lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm tsov rog xyoo. Tej zaum ib tug neeg los ntawm peb cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze tiv thaiv nrog lawv sab los ntawm sab thiab tau los ua tus tsab ntawm dab neeg luv luv los yog novels.

Nyob rau hauv 1941, Yuri Bondarev - lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv - nrog rau lawv cov phooj ywg koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv; tom qab tsev kawm ntawv infantry sib ntaus sib tua Stalingrad li commander mortar xam. Ces contusion, me me frostbite thiab raug mob nyob rau hauv lub rov qab, tsis txhob ua ib qho chaw khuam rau rov qab los ntawm pem hauv ntej ib feem nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Kiev, tuaj ib tug ntev txoj kev uas yuav Poland thiab Czechoslovakia. Tom qab demobilization, Yuri Bondarev nkag mus hauv lub Literary lub koom haum rau lawv. Gorky, qhov uas nws muaj ib lub caij nyoog mus rau lub tswv yim rhiav coj los Konstantina Paustovskogo, lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv qhia kev qhuab qhia ib tug kev hlub ntawm tus kawg thiab kos duab ntawm tus cwj mem thiab muaj peev xwm muaj lawv hais. Tag nrho kuv lub neej Yuri nco qab txog qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm lub khov, khoom raws li ib lub pob zeb, thiab khob cij tsw tub rog lub porridge, kub yus nyob rau hauv txias steppes ntawm Stalingrad, ice txias te calcined zoo li, hlau uas muaj los ntawm cov hnab looj tes, hmoov tsw phem ntawm siv cartridges thiab deserted silence hmo ntuj. Creative sau ntawv-cov tub rog penetrated los ntawm cov exigencies ntawm kev sib sau ntawm tus txiv neej thiab cov ntug, nws helplessness, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zoo kawg lub dag lub zog thiab lub siab tawv, nyob rau hauv ib puas lub sij hawm ua ntej ua qhov txaus ntshai txaus ntshai.

Koob meej Yuri Bondarev coj zaj dab neeg "Lub Xeem volleys" thiab "Lub battalions yog hais kom hluav taws", kom meej meej tso saib cov kev muaj tiag ua tsov ua rog. Lub ntsiab ntawm Stalinist tsuj twb twv mus ua hauj lwm "Silence", mas ntshai los ntawm critics. Nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tshiab "Kub Daus" sharply tsa lub ntsiab ntawm heroism ntawm lub Soviet neeg thaum lub sij hawm feem ntau nyuaj xeem rau nws; tus sau qhia txog lub xeem hnub ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad thiab cov neeg uas twb los mus tiv thaiv lawv motherland thiab lawv tus kheej tsev neeg los ntawm lub Nazis. Cov kab liab sau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm Stalingrad tsov rog qub tub rog txawj sau ntawv raws li ib tug cim ntawm ib tug tub rog lub fortitude thiab siab tawv. Bondarev yeej tsis embellish tsov rog thiab tsom "me ntsis zoo txiv neej" uas tau ua lawv txoj hauj lwm: yuav tiv thaiv tau lub teb.

Nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog, Yuri Bondarev thaum kawg to taub hais tias ib tug neeg tsis yog yug rau kev ntxub, tab sis kev hlub. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm wartime tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub nco ntsoov ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv muaj xws li siv lead ua ntshiab lus txib ntawm txoj kev hlub rau lub motherland, loyalty thiab ntseeg. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua, tag nrho cov liab qab, zoo thiab phem yog discernible, thiab txhua tus ua ib tug meej pem xaiv. Raws li Yuri Bondarev, tib neeg lub neej yog muab tsis tau tsuas yog li ntawd, tab sis mus ua ib tug kev lub hom phiaj, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob nkim koj tus kheej rau trifles, thiab coj koj tus kheej tus ntsuj plig, sib ntaus sib tua rau free hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev ncaj ncees.

Cov dab neeg thiab novels txawj sau ntawv txhais ua 70 yam lus, thiab tshaj lub sij hawm ntawm 1958 mus 1980 txawv teb chaws ntau tshaj 130 tej hauj lwm los ntawm Yuri Bondarev twb luam tawm, thiab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv ntawm nws duab ( "Kub Daus", "puam", "Lub battalions yog hais kom hluav taws") nws ntsia lossis loj cov neeg tuaj saib.

Kev ua ub no ntawm cov kws ntawv sau tseg los ntawm ntau cov pej xeem thiab lub xeev qhuas, nrog rau cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - lub Vocabulary thiab kev hlub ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

"Nti ntawm teb chaws" Grigory Baklanov

Grigory Baklanov - sau ntawm xws tej hauj lwm raws li "Lub Xya hli ntuj 41, lub xyoo", "Nws yog lub Tsib Hlis ...", "nti ntawm teb chaws", "cov phooj ywg", "Kuv twb tsis tau tua nyob rau hauv kev tsov rog." Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub howitzer tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, ces nrog cov nyob qib ntawm tub ceev xwm, roj teeb commander thiab tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub South-Western Pem hauv ntej kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm tsov rog, uas yog tau piav los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg uas tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab, nrog nws cov formidable frontline lub neej txhua hnub. Ua rau hnyav xwb ntawm thawj zaug rau theem ntawm tsov rog Baklanov piav txog cov loj heev tsuj, cov cua ntawm lub tuam suspicion thiab ntshai, uas kav ua ntej kev tsov rog. Requiem rau sgublennomu tsov rog rau cov hluas tiam, lub exorbitant nqi siab rau lub yeej, tau los ua tus zaj dab neeg "Forever - kaum cuaj." Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm mob siab rau mus rau lub thaj yeeb lub sij hawm, Baklanov rov qab los rau txoj hmoo ntawm yav tas los cov tub rog uas tau raug warped ruthless totalitarian system. Qab ntsoov illustrated nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Karpuhin" nyob qhov twg lub neej ntawm lub hero tsoo lub xeev-muaj tej hauj lwm ntawm callousness. Raws li cov scenario txawj sau ntawv 8 films tau ua; qhov zoo tshaj plaws zaj duab xis adaptation - "Nws yog lub Tsib Hlis ...".

Tub rog ntaub ntawv - cov me nyuam

Cov me nyuam sau ntawv-cov qub tub rog tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab cov ntaub ntawv uas, sau ntawv rau cov hluas ua hauj lwm ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg - tib yam li lawv yog, cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog.

Daim ntawv teev cov pom zoo tub ntxhais hluas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsov rog:

• A. Mityaev "Qhov thib rau ib feem."
• A. Ochkin "Ivan - kuv, Fedorov - peb."
• Alekseev, "Los ntawm Moscow rau Berlin."
• Kassil "Koj defenders."
• A. Gaidar "Lub Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Timur".
• Kataev "Leej Tub ntawm tus tso kom muaj kab muaj kev."
• L. Nicholas 'Yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ciaj sia. "

Kws ntawv-tub rog, ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg uas, saum toj no, tsis yog ib tug ua kom tiav, pheej yig thiab kas-phooj ywg lus twb hais qhov txaus ntshai tiag ua tsov ua rog, lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg thiab lub siab tawv thiab heroism tso tawm los ntawm lawv. Cov hauj lwm coj tus ntsuj plig ntawm patriotism thiab txoj kev hlub rau hauv lub teb chaws, kawm los ua tsaug rau cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze, kom tau khaws cia kev sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.