Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin. Luv luv biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Michael Evgrafovich - tus poj Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv thiab satirist. Saltykov-Shchedrin lub neej pib nyob rau hauv 1826, 27 (15) ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv lub Tver xeev nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm dab dej sov-Ugol. Nws raws roj ntsha nobleman thiab nws tsev neeg yog muaj nplua nwj.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: Biography - Ib tug nyuag cov keeb kwm ntawm thaum yau

Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv yog ib tug despotic niam. Zabelina Olga Mihaylovna yog kiag li devoid ntawm tib neeg, thiab nws cov duab tom qab embodied nyob rau hauv lub "Tus Tswv Golovlyovo". Cov tsev neeg muaj rau cov me nyuam, thiab txawm lub fact tias Michael twb paub raws li ib tug nyiam, tsev neeg squabbles nws navidalsya tag nrho. Tab sis yog hais tias nws yog ib tug me nyuam tub, on qhov tsis tooj, tempered. Lub sij hawm uas mus txog rau kaum xyoo, tus sau qhia txog nyob rau hauv yuav luag ntawv "Poshehonsky antiquity." Saltykov yeej ib txwm rov nws thaum yau nrog bitterness thiab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis nyiam los tham txog nws. Nws tseem yog menyuam yaus coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv feem ntau solitude, tag nrho cov me nyuam laus zog twb tawm mus kawm. Thiab nws upbringing ua me ntsis rau tiag tiag.

duality

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin pib twb rau nws lub npe. Ntawm nws ob qhov chaw no yog thawj - Saltykov, thiab lub thib ob - Shchedrin - nyob tom qab raws li lub alias. Nws lub neej seemed yuav muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: Saltykov - official thiab Shchedrin - txawj sau ntawv, satirist thiab txawj sau ntawv.

Career Saltykov

Saltykov Mihail Evgrafovich pib nws cov hauj lwm nrog rau cov raug rho tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1844, nws twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg lub chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv 1846 tus tub hluas muaj peev xwm kom tau ib lub rooj zaum hauv lub Assistant Secretary of War Minister. Thiab nyob rau hauv 22 xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1848, nws tau exiled Vyatka rau nws thawj thawj phau ntawv tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los, nws txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm, thiab nws cov hauj lwm yog ci ntsa iab. Nws ob zaug tau txais kev pab raws li vice tswv xeev: nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Ryazan kuv V Tverskoy.

txawj debut

Nyob rau hauv 1847, lub debut ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Thaum xub thawj saib xyuas, thiab ces ob zaj dab neeg, luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland". Lawv mus nyob rau hauv pseudonyms M. Nepanov thiab MS

Tiag tiag lub koob meej tuaj rau nws nyob rau hauv 1856 thaum nws luam tawm nws series "Provincial Sau ntawv", los ntawm lub sij hawm no, thiab mus rau hauv kev xyaum pseudonym Nikolay Schedrin, uas tom qab los ua ib feem ntawm nws lub npe. Thiab muaj ib tug kev lig kev cai mus rau luam tawm lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tas mus li.

sketches

Sau ntawv Shchedrin feem ntau nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv kev txiav txim, cov neeg uas yuav tsum ua cov kev txiav txim, los tswj. Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich qhia tshwj xeeb uas mob siab rau nws ua hauj lwm daim duab Lavxias teb sab ua hauj lwm rau nruab nrab 60s.

Shchedrin txawj sau ntawv pib yeej tshaj lub Saltykov-official. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog kom meej meej los ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum N. A. Nekrasov los nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" thiab hu raws li ib tug co-editor ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nyob rau hauv 1868, Saltykov-official puas tau muab txoj kev mus rau lub txawj sau ntawv Shchedrin.

Txij li thaum 1878, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin los ua tus ib editor ntawm "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland". Nws yog ib qho ntu nyob rau hauv nws lub neej.

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin raws li ib tug thuam

Saltykov-Shchedrin nws tus kheej pom nws tus kheej raws li ib tug critic. Thuam cov me nyuam yaus, kev txiav txim ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub "hluav taws" khub sau ntawv.

Lub fact tias cov txawj sau ntawv muaj cov txawj nyeem ntawv ib tug satire, tab sis tsis yog los ntawm lub foundations ntawm ib tug sab nraum saib, tab sis ib tug txiv neej uas yog nws rau cov ib puag ncig. Nws yog rau qhov no thiab muaj dua liam Saltykov-Shchedrin. Thiab feem ntau cov suab critic yog Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev. Nws hais tias nws muaj tsis txaus cia li mus taunt uas twb muaj lawm, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yog reprehensible mus thuam cov bureaucratic lub xeev tshuab, raws li feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm nws. Nws yog ib tug paradox los ntawm ib tug ncaj ncees taw tes ntawm view. Pisarev feem ntau ntseeg hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab Library, thiab zaub mov txawv, yuav ua li cas ua neej nyob raws kev txawj nyeem ntawv. Nws hais tias, rau Piv txwv li, hais tias Pushkin ntawd puas. Tom qab tag nrho, qhia los ntawm cov "Eugene Onegin"?

Pisarev cuam Saltykov-Shchedrin thiab ib tug muaj zog cem. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 60s txojkev sib ob tiam sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv: cov ntshiab kos duab uas yog nyob mus ib txhis kev zoo nkauj, thiab civil ntaub ntawv. Nws nkawd yuav tej hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin belongs rau lub thib ob ntawm lub hais tej thaj chaw. Tab sis Pisarev hais tias ib tug txaus ntshai tshaj plaws uas Saltykov-Shchedrin yog sib tsis tau zam nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv rau tis, banter, nasmeshnichestvo, uas muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog ib tug txoj kev hloov ntawm kev muaj tiag.

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm

Thaum lub lem ntawm lub 60s - 70s Mikhail Evgrafovich muaj nws txawj nyeem ntawv ib yam dab tsi tshiab - qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug series ntawm tsab ntawv, thiab tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm - "Cov Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm ib lub nroog". Nws yog ib tug parody ntawm benevolent keeb kwm keeb kwm. Lub nroog ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qauv rau lub ntiaj teb no. City dag - nws yog hais txog Russia. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thuam ntawm lub bureaucracy.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 80s tej hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin ua hom tshiab. Nws hu lawv ua fairy tales. Lawv hais txog peb caug. Lawv tau sau nrog nom tswv satire thiab raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Lavxias teb sab Gazette", uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog coj txawv txawv. Tom qab tag nrho, fairy tales feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tsis sau. Tab sis nws yog precisely no, tus sau hais tias nws xav: ib taleas tag nrho yog tsis tas. Raws li ib txwm nyob rau hauv fairy tales, nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm muaj tsis muaj kev zoo siab txoj. Lawv yog cov tag nrho ntawm irony thiab ntau dua li cov dab neeg thiab novels.

Nyob rau hauv ib satirical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm yog Saltykov-Shchedrin. Biography txoj kev muaj peev xwm tsis qhia lub fullness ntawm lub paub tsis meej ntawm qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, Mikhail Evgrafovich. Lawv hu ua nws ib tug zoo diagnostician evils thiab ailments.

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin hais rau cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm nrog nws. Nws hais tias nws tus cwj pwm yog heev tshee thiab chim siab. Thiab qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau kev nyeem ntawv. Tej hauj lwm yuav tsis tau "nqos".

"Golovlevs" - ib qho ntawm lub tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws tej yam Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Yog hais tias Dostoevsky mus nws sau "Lub kwv tij Karamazov."

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin muaj xws li lub fact tias muaj ntau yam ntawm cov lus uas peb tseem siv, invented thiab nkag tau mus rau cov ntawv qhia thiab lub neej nws yog. Piv txwv li, lo lus "spineless." Michael Evgrafovich tsim thiab nkag tau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej system ntawm ironic allusions. Tus sau kuj sim mus sau paj huam, tab sis tom qab thawj zaug tsis vam meej sojntsuam cwj mem paj huam poob mus ib txhis. Saltykov-Shchedrin kawm nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab hais tias Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, thiab qhov no yog qhov chaw uas nkawd ob leeg pib sau.

Kws ntawv nyob rau 63 xyoo. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1889.