Complex ntawv: cov qauv, hauj lwm, piv txwv

Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li vegetative thiab generative kabmob. Xeem lub luag hauj lwm rau tu tub tu kiv. Nyob rau hauv angiosperms yog lub paj. Nws yog ib tug hloov txoj kev khiav. Vegetative kabmob ntawm cov nroj tsuag - yog ib tug hauv paus system thiab tua. Lub hauv paus system muaj ib tug tseem ceeb hauv paus, sab thiab ntau dua. Tej zaum lub ntsiab hauv paus yuav ua tau unexpressed. Xws li ib tug system yog hu ua fibrous. Stems ua los ntawm stems, nplooj thiab buds. Stems muab thauj ntawm tshuaj, thiab kuj txhawb rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub ob lub raum yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov tsim ntawm tshiab tua, thiab tej paj. Daim ntawv teev cov - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj hloov ntawm cov nroj tsuag, vim nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau photosynthesis.

Yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm

Tej yam yooj yim thiab compound nplooj muaj ob peb hom ntaub so ntswg. Cia xyuas lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm histology

Saum toj no yog lub npog cov ntaub so ntswg - lub epidermis. Cov txheej no thickness nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob lub hlwb nrog tuab week pov tseg heev ze rau txhua lwm yam. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev puas tsuaj, thiab kuj tsis pub ntev evaporation ntawm cov dej los ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub epidermis yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv roj pauv. Ua li no nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tam sim no stomata.

Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub epidermis yog ib tug ntxiv tiv thaiv txheej, uas muaj ib tug ciab, cov txheej tawm txim liab los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb.

Hauv qab lub epidermis yog columnar, los yog assimilation parenchyma. Qhov no yooj yim ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav siv sij hawm muab cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. parenchymal hlwb cov txheej txheem mas. Lawv muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm chloroplasts.

Los ntawm assimilating ntaub yog conductive ntawv system thiab spongy parenchyma. Conductive Npuag - ib tug xylem thiab phloem. Tus thawj muaj cov hlab ntsha - tuag hlwb kev cob cog rua mas nrog txhua lwm yam tsis muaj kab rov tav baffles. Los ntawm xylem dej nrog tshuaj yaj nyob rau ntawd yog nkag mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv los ntawm lub hauv paus. Phloem yog muaj li ntawm sab cib hlab - elongation ntawm nyob hlwb. Los ntawm no conductive ntaub ntsiab yog thauj, on qhov tsis tooj, los ntawm cov nplooj rau cov hauv paus hniav.

Spongy cov ntaub so ntswg lub luag hauj lwm rau nkev pauv thiab dej evaporation.

Yog nyob rau hauv lub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov epidermis yog tsawg dua. Nws kuj, zoo li lub sab saum toj, muaj ib tug tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Nws kuj muaj ib tug stoma.

qauv ntawm nplooj

Nws ncaim ntawm cov kav petiole, uas yog taag lamina thiab - lub ntsiab feem ntawm daim ntawv. Los ntawm cov kav los ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov nplooj leeg ncaim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tebchaw nrog nws kav yog stipules. Sophisticated nplooj, piv txwv uas yuav tau los sib tham li hauv qab no, cov txheej txheem thiaj li hais tias ib tug nplooj petiole yog ob peb daim hlau.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov nplooj

Nyob rau cov qauv yuav qhia tau tej yam yooj yim thiab compound nplooj. Tej yam yooj yim xws li ib tug tib phaj. Complex ntawv - ib tug uas muaj ntau yam daim hlau. Nws yuav varied nyob rau hauv cov qauv.

Hom ntawm nplooj

Muaj ob peb hom. Yam tseem ceeb los cais lawv mus rau hauv tsiaj yuav pab raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov phiaj, qhov zoo ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov phiaj thiab rau daim ntawv. Nws los nyob rau hauv tsib hom.

Nplooj puab - raws li nws tshwm sim

Muaj ib co hom ntawm nws:

• arrowhead;
• oval;
• nplhaib zoo li tus;
• linear;
• plawv-puab;
• kiv cua-zoo li tus (semi-ncig daim ntawv);
• taw tes qhia;
• koob;
• npoo zoo li tus (voos ntawv, ruaj rau tus kav nyob rau sab saum toj);
• hastate (ntse spikes);
• spatulate;
• Lobed (daim ntawv muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug plurality li tuaj);
• lanceolate (ntev, dav daim ntawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab);
• obratnolantsetovidnaya (sab qaum kev ib ntawm daim ntawv yog wider tshaj li tus hauv qab);
• obratnoserdtsevidnaya (lub plawv-zoo li tus ntawv fastened mus rau tus kav ntse kawg);
• rhomboid;
• crescent.

Ib tug complex ntawv yuav muaj ib yam ntawm cov phiaj cov ntaub ntawv.

Daim ntawv daim hlau npoo

Qhov no yog ib yam uas ua rau nws ua tau rau tuab lub compound nplooj.

Nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov phiaj nplooj yog ntawm tsib yam:

• toothed;
• crenate;
• serrate;
• Notched;
• edged.

Lwm yam kev compound nplooj

Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm daim hlau thiab lawv cov kev kho, cov nram qab no ntawm nplooj:

• palmate;
• pinnate;
• dvuperistye;
• trifoliate;
• perstonadreznye.

Nyob rau hauv palmate compound yoojyim tag nrho cov phiaj diverge raws voos kheej-kheej ntawm tus kav, li nws cov tsos ntiv tes xoo.

Pinnate nplooj muaj nplooj daim hlau txheej txheem raws kav. Lawv muab faib ua ob hom: paripinnate thiab pinnate. Thaum xub thawj muaj lub apical phaj, tus xov tooj yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm ob tug. Nyob rau hauv khib-pinnate apical phaj yog tam sim no.

Nyob rau hauv dvuperistyh nplooj daim hlau cov txheej txheem raws li cov theem nrab petioles. Cov neeg, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txuas mus rau lub ntsiab.

Trifoliate muaj peb tuaj.

Perstonadreznye li feathery nplooj.

compound yoojyim - lawv venation

Muaj nws peb hom:

• Parallel. Leeg yog tusyees ntawm lub hauv paus ntawv rau cov npoo nyob rau hauv lub phaj.
• Arc. Leeg tsis txhob mus ntseeg nkaws, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug arc.
• Net. Nws yog muab faib ua peb subspecies: radial, palmate thiab peristonervnoe. Thaum radial venation ntawv muaj peb loj leeg uas ntev los ntawm lwm tus. Palmate yus muaj los ntawm ntau tshaj li peb lub ntsiab leeg uas yog sib cais ze rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub petiole. Thaum peristonervnom ntawv muaj ib tug loj cov hlab ntsha, uas ncaim ntawm cov lwm leej lwm tus.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau complex ntawv muaj ib tug reticulate venation.

Uake ntawm nplooj nyob rau hauv lub soj caum

Ob yooj yooj yim thiab compound nplooj yuav tsum teem nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Muaj plaub hom chaw:

• Whorled. Cov nplooj yog txuas rau peb ntawm lawv mus rau ib tug nqaim kav - whorl. Lawv yuav ua tau tus ntoo khaub lig, txhua tus txheeb ze mus rau lub ua ntej whorl rotated 90 degrees. Nroj tsuag nrog xws li ib tug kev kho nplooj yog elodea, uab lag lub qhov muag.
• Rosette. Tag nrho cov nplooj yog nyob rau tib lub qhov siab thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Cov nyob muaj agave, Chlorophytum.
• Tshwm Sim Los Muaj (Regular). Cov nplooj yog txuas, ib qho rau txhua node. Yog li, lawv yog nyob rau ntawm Birch, Pelargonium, Kua, sawv.
• Yam txawv. Nrog rau qhov no hom ntawm kev kho nyob rau hauv txhua node yog nyob rau ntawm ob tug los xij. Txhua node yog feem ntau tig txheeb ze rau lub ua ntej ib tug los ntawm 90 degrees. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nplooj yuav tsum teem nyob rau hauv ob kab tsis muaj yam Cheebtsam. Piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog rau tej kev kho nplooj yog mint, jasmine, lilac, fuchsia, tuag-nettle.

Thawj ob hom ntawm nplooj arrangement raug rau cov nroj tsuag nrog tej yam yooj yim nplooj. Tab sis lub yav tas ob hom yuav thov tau mus compound nplooj.

piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag

Tam sim no cia saib lub ntau hom compound nplooj, nrog cov piv txwv. Lawv emit ib tug txaus tus nqi. Nroj tsuag nrog complex nplooj yuav ua tau sib txawv ntawm cov neej cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav yog fab thiab cov ntoo.

Ib tug heev nroj tsuag nrog compound yoojyim - tshauv. Qhov no tsev neeg txiv ntoo, cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm bipartite, Department of angiosperms. Lawv muaj compound yoojyim imparipinnate, muaj xya mus rau kaum tsib daim hlau. Daim ntawv cheeb tsam - iav. Venation - mesh. Tshauv nplooj yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug diuretic.

Ib tug piv txwv ntawm lub hav txwv yeem nrog lub complex tej zaum yuav hu ua txiv pos nplooj. Cov nroj tsuag muaj nplooj imparipinnate nrog peb mus rau xya daim hlau ntev stalks. venation hom - peristonervnoe. Tus duab ntawm daim ntawv ntug - crenate. Txiv pos nplooj yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj. Lawv muaj tshuaj uas muaj anti-inflammatory nyhuv.

Lwm cov ntoo uas muaj compound yoojyim - Rowan. Nplooj nws paripinnate. Number of daim hlau - txog kaum ib. Venation - peristonervnoe.

Cov piv txwv nram qab - ib tug clover. Nws muaj ib tug complex trifoliate nplooj. Venation clover mesh. Tus duab ntawm daim ntawv ntug - edged. Tsis tas li ntawd clover trifoliate nplooj kuj tau bobovnik.

Tiabsis cov yoojyim kuj muaj ib tsob nroj raws li Albitius. Nws muaj dvuperistye nplooj.

Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm ib tug nroj tsuag nrog rau txoj nplooj - acacia. Qhov no tsob ntoo muaj ib tug reticulate venation. Daim ntawv chaw uas zoo heev - tag nrho. Sheet hom - dvuperistye. Number daim hlau - los ntawm kaum ib daim.

Lwm nroj tsuag nrog compound yoojyim - txiv pos nphuab. Sheet hom - trifoliate. Venation - mesh. Cov nplooj yog tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tshuaj. Feem ntau, atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam vascular cov kab mob.

xaus

Raws li ib tug xaus, peb muaj ib lub rooj ntsiab lus ib complex nplooj.

Ntawm no yog peb soj ntsuam cov qauv ntawm cov compound nplooj, nws hom, piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj rau lawv.