Npib tsib xee ceev thiab lwm yam khoom. npib tsib xee ore

Npib tsib xee (Ni) - yog ib yam tshuaj caij ntawm lub periodic system ntawm Mendeleev, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub triad Fe, Co, Ni. Nickel yog ib tug hlau dawb xim nrog ib tug hnov li silvery sheen. Nws mus zoo nrog rau lwm co tsim alloys nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Tus foundations ntawm npib tsib xee

npib tsib xee ore twb xub sab los ntawm ib tug chemist los ntawm Sweden A. Cronstedt nyob rau hauv 1751. Ntev ua ntej nws qhib yooj los ntawm Saxony ore paub zoo tias outwardly ntsia zoo li ib tug tooj liab. Nws twb siv tau los ua cov khoom steklovarami ntsuab. Feem ntau steelmakers ntawm lub sij hawm uas ua kom tau tawm ntawm no hlau ntawm tooj liab, tab sis tag nrho lawv cov me nyuam tau ua tsis tau tejyam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo. Nickel hlau txais nws cov thawj lub npe - "kupfernikel", uas txhais txhais hais tias "dab ntxwg nyoog ore." Mineralogist Cronstedt tseem muaj kev tswj kom tau ib tug ntsuab oxide, thiab los ntawm cov yuav txo tau ntawm lub yav tas twb tau los ntawm npib tsib xee nws tus kheej.

Ntxiv kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov hlau koom paub txog Bergman. Tau txais nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, nws tau tsim kom muaj hais tias cov khoom ntawm npib tsib xee ze rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam, qhov no hlau yog kawm los ntawm lwm yam kev soj ntsuam, vim Proust. Maj mam ascertain lawv ntau zog, xws li kev ceev ntawm npib tsib xee. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lo lus "Nikkel" yog ib lo av lo lus yooj. Nws los ntawm ib tug distorted Niccolaus thiab tau txais kev pab lub npe menyuam yaus duplicitous, dag neeg. Qhov thib ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus yog "ib tug txhoj puab ntsuj plig," "slacker."

npib tsib xee ceev thiab lwm yam khoom

Nickel muaj zog xws li ductility thiab malleability. Tej yam no ua rau nws yooj yim mus las nws ntiav. Los ntawm cov tau hlau los xij thiab hlab. Nickel - ib tug es check cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nws tensile lub zog yog 450 MPa. Yog li ntawd nws vysokoplastichen, thiab kuj muaj high xeb kuj. Lub thermal conductivity ntawm npib tsib xee yog 90,1 W / (m · K) (ntawm 25 ° C).

Mined ores muaj tsib ruaj khov isotopes. Nickel yog dej num raws li hnyav hlau. Nickel ceev yog 8902 kg / m ^3. Nws yog ob zaug ntxiv dua hais tias ntawm titanium, tab sis nws hais txog zauv tus nqi yog sib npaug zos rau cov kev ceev ntawm tooj liab.

Yog npib tsib xee xeb them?

Nickel yog resistant mus rau high kub. Yog hais tias yam khoom siv no siv nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj ib puag ncig, nws yog feem ntau them nrog oxide zaj duab xis, nrog ib tug me ntsis dimming. Nws kuj tsis them nrog xeb. Tsis ua rau nws, thiab acid - yog organic los yog inorganic. Xeb tsis them no hlau txawm nyob rau hauv kub haus dej cawv. Yog li ntawd, npib tsib xee yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj.

Qhov twg npib tsib xee tej zaum yuav raug xeb?

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog ib co chaw uas cov hlau yuav raug rhuav tshem. Firstly, nws yog hiav txwv dej. Ntxiv mus, nws phem heev muaj feem xyuam rau cov alkaline hypochlorite tshuaj. Sulfur kuj ua rau xeb, ntsev dlaws, ammonia dej.

npib tsib xee alloys

Qhov no hlau yog ib tug zoo additive rau hlau. Nws tsub kom nws ductility thiab lub dag lub zog. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm npib tsib xee thiab chromium alloys muab xeb kuj steels. Lug siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam chromium-npib tsib xee stainless steel, uas yog li muaj ib theem siab ntawm thermostability.

Ib tug Science News for KIDS paub alloys qhov twg npib tsib xee yog lub ntsiab keeb. Ceev Nickel tso cai nws siv nyob rau hauv alloys nrog hlau, txhuas, manganese, chromium thiab silicon. Tej alloys yog siv rau kev tsim cua sov. Lawv muaj ib theem siab ntawm magnetic permeability. Kuj siv nyob rau hauv engineering cam khwb cia hlau, nyob rau hauv uas npib tsib xee ntxiv. Muaj zus tau tej cov no cov hlau pib txog ib puas xyoo dhau los. Yog li txog 80% ntawm cov npib tsib xee yog siv rau cov hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloys.

Lwm yam teb ntawm daim ntawv thov los ntawm cov hlau

Npib tsib xee thiab nws alloys yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau zus tau tej cov stainless steels. Co thiab cov alloys siv nrog nws koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tshuaj cov khoom, shipbuilding. Nichrome thiab chromel yog constituent ntsiab ntawm khoom vaj khoom tsev: toasters, irons, thiab qhov chaw tso cua sov. Lwm yam alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm naval hlab ntsha. Nickel coatings yog feem ntau zoo nkauj.

hlau toxicity

Lub loj npaum li cas ntawm npib tsib xee yuav muaj phiv los ntawm lub cev. Nce nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus yuav tham txog ib tug ncaj qha kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab nyob. Qhov feem ntau heev yuav tau txais ntawm ntau kev sib cuag nrog npib tsib xee lub cev - nws yog ib qho kev tsis haum tshuaj. nws kuj ua rau bronchitis, mob raum, thiab mob ntsws cancer. Tab sis npib tsib xee toxicity manifests nws tus kheej xwb yog tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau.