"Npam Hnub" - ib txoj kev ntawm lub tsom xam ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Bunin

Peb qhia koj ib qho txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tej hauj lwm Ivana Alekseevicha Bunina "Npam Hnub" - ib txoj kev ntawm lub ntsiab txheej xwm ntawm uas nws tau sau nyob rau hauv nws chaw muag mis nyuj nyob rau hauv 1918. Luam tawm phau ntawv no yog thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 1926.

Bunin nyob rau hauv 1918-1920 kaw nws impressions thiab cov tswvyim txog cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov chaw muag mis nyuj sau ntawv.

Moscow sau

Piv txwv li, lub ib hlis ntuj 1, 1918 nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws sau hais tias qhov no "damn xyoo" yog lawm, tab sis tej zaum muaj los ib yam dab tsi "txawm ntau txaus ntshai."

Nyob rau 5 Lub ob hlis ntuj hauv tib lub xyoo, nws sau ntawv, uas peb ua tswvcuab ib tug tshiab style, ces nws yuav tsum rau 18 tus xov tooj.

Lub ob hlis ntuj 6 tsab xov xwm sau txog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm sib tham txog tus German offensive, cov monks chopping cov dej khov ntawm Petrovka thiab passers gloat, triumph.

Ntxiv tso tawm tus hnub thiab piav qhia txog qhov yooj yim sau ntawv Bunin ua hauj lwm "Npam Hnub", ib txoj kev uas yog xam los ntawm peb.

Keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub carriage rail

Cov tub hluas ntxhais ceev xwm nkag mus hauv lub tram tsheb thiab hais tias, blushing, hais tias nws yuav tsis them rau ib daim pib. Nws twb dim los ntawm Simferopol critic Derman. Raws li nws, muaj yog "consternation": tus neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov tub rog mus "hauv caug-sib sib zog nqus rau hauv cov ntshav," tus txiv neej laus Yam no hu ua ciaj sia-Colonel nyob rau hauv lub tshem ciav hlau firebox.

Bunin sau tias, zoo li qhov txhia chaw hais tias nws tseem tsis tau lub sij hawm mus rau objectively thiab impartially nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig. Tab sis muaj yeej yuav tsis ua tiag tiag impartiality. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub "kev tsis ncaj ncees" yog peb zoo heev rau lub neej yav tom ntej historian, hais tias Bunin ( "Npam Hnub"). Luv luv lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm qhov yooj yim lub tswv yim ntawm Ivan yuav hu tau piav rau hauv qab no.

Lub tram heap ntawm cov tub rog uas loj hnab. Lawv khiav los ntawm Moscow, ntshai hais tias lawv yuav muab xa mus rau tiv thaiv lub Germans Petersburg.

Bunin tau ntsib ib tug me nyuam tub tub rog ntawm ua noj, yuag, ragged thiab qaug dej qaug cawv. Nws poked nws lub ntsej muag mus rau hauv nws lub hauv siab, "thiab spat rau Ivan, qhia nws:" Despot, tus tub ntawm ib tug bitch. "

Ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa zog incriminating Lenin thiab Trotsky nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov Germans, hais tias lawv bribed.

Sib tham nrog polisher

Peb tseem yuav muaj ib txoj kev sau ntawv Bunin "Npam Hnub". Nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tham nrog polishers nws nug lawv ib lo lus nug txog dab tsi yuav tshwm sim tom ntej no nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg no. Lawv teb tias cia plam lub criminals los ntawm tsev lojcuj uas khiav, tsis muaj ua li no, tab sis es tsis txhob lawv yuav tsum tau muaj ntev txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub tsi tshwm sim. Thiab tam sim no lub Bolsheviks tsis khiav. Tsis muaj zog cov neeg ... Lub Bolsheviks cia li ib yam dab tsi txog ib puas txhiab yuav, thiab neeg zoo tib yam - lab, tab sis lawv ua tsis tau dab tsi. Dali yuav polisher txoj kev ywj pheej, lawv yuav los ntawm tag nrho cov shreds los ntawm lub qhov raug sib cais.

Bunin cov ntaub ntawv sib tham hnov los ntawm lub caij rau lub xov tooj. Nws nug cov neeg yuav ua li cas, nws yog adjutant Kaledin thiab 15 tub ceev xwm. Cov lus teb yog "tam sim ntawd tua."

Dua ua qauv qhia, suab paj nruag, zog, banners - thiab hu rau: "Tau mus, neeg ua hauj lwm!". Bunin sau hais tias qhov suab ntawm lawv primeval, uterine. Cov poj niam Mordovia thiab Chuvash neeg cov txiv neej - criminal, ib co ncaj qha Sakhalin.

Nws ntxiv hais tias cov Loos muab tso rau lub stamp rau lub ntsej muag ntawm convicts. Thiab cov neeg no tsis txhob muab dab tsi vim hais tias txhua yam yog pom tsis tau lawv.

Lenin tus tsab xov xwm

Nyeem Lenin tus tsab xov xwm. Dag thiab tseem ceeb txaus: cov "Lavxias teb sab teb chaws lub rooj txhawb siab," lub International.

Cov nram qab no qhia txog cov "Congress ntawm lub soviets", hais lus xa los ntawm Lenin. Kuv nyeem txog lub corpses, sawv ntawm lub qab ntawm lub hiav txwv. Nws poob rau, tua cov tub ceev xwm. Thiab ces "suab paj nruas snuffbox".

Lubyanka Square tag nrho cov ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Los ntawm cov log splashing kua av nkos. Cov tub hluas, cov txiv neej, bargaining halva, ncuav, cov luam yeeb ... Tus qhia "muzzle" neeg ua hauj lwm.

Cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj nyob rau AP hais tias socialism yog tsis tau txoj cai tam sim no, tab sis tseem yuav tau mus txiav lub bourgeoisie.

1919. Odessa

Peb mus txuas ntxiv los mus piav txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Bunin lub "Npam Hnub". Executive Summary muaj cov nram qab no tom ntej cov txheej xwm thiab kev xav ntawm tus neeg sau.

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 12. Bunin sau ntawv uas tau dhau mus lawm txij thaum tuag ntawm peb yuav luag peb lub lis piam. Npliag chaw nres nkoj, ib tug tuag lub nroog. Cia li niaj hnub no, kuv tau txais ib tsab ntawv sau hnub tim 10 lub yim hli ntuj ntawm Moscow. Txawm li cas los, tus sau sau ntawv, Lavxias teb sab mail tau ntev lawm dua, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm '17, thaum nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov European yam, thiab lub Minister ntawm Posts Telegraphs. Lub "Minister of Labor" - thiab tag nrho Russia tam sim ntawd nres ua hauj lwm. Xatas bloodthirsty Ka-ees txoj kev chim siab nqus raws li qhov lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov hnub, thaum lawv tau hais tias txoj kev ywj pheej, koob pheej ntawm lawv thiab fraternity. Tam sim ntawd tuaj lub insanity. Tag nrho cov teeb meem ntes txhua lwm yam rau tej controversy.

Portrait cov neeg

Bunin ntaqwm lub indignation uas nws yog allegedly "dub" daim duab ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab neeg tau ntsib thaum cov neeg uas twb vspoeny, nurtured los no cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog ib lub txaj muag ib puas xyoo, tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv, tsuas yog "cov neeg" thiab tramps. Tag nrho cov tsev tam sim no tsaus ntuj nti, tag nrho lub zos nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, tsuas yog tus tub sab dens, qhov twg yog hnov lub balalaika, glowing chandeliers, cov phab ntsa nrog pom dub banner, uas depicts lub dawb pob txha taub hau thiab sau ntawv "Tuag rau lub bourgeoisie!".

Peb mus txuas ntxiv los mus piav txog cov hauj lwm uas sau Bunin IA ( "Npam Hnub"), nyob rau hauv skokraschenii. Ivan hais tias hais tias muaj ob hom neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv yeej los ntawm Russia, thiab nyob rau hauv lub lwm yam, raws li nws txo nws hwj nws - Chud. Tab sis ob leeg muaj ib fickle tsos, moods, "precariousness". nws tus kheej hais rau cov neeg lawv tus kheej, uas los ntawm nws, raws li los ntawm ib tsob ntoo, "thiab cov sibntsib thiab, thiab ib tug icon." Nws tag nrho cov nyob ntawm qhov uas leeg, nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim. Emelka Pugachev los yog Sergiy Radonezhsky.

tu noob nroog

Peb mus txuas ntxiv peb nyuag retelling ntawm cov yuav txo tau. IA Bunin "Npam Hnub" complements li nram no. Nyob rau hauv Odessa, 26, tua tus Dub Pua pua. Ua luaj. Lub nroog tso nyob rau hauv tsev, ob peb heev neeg tawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Txhua leej txhua tus pom tau tias li tab sis kov yeej tshwj xeeb cov neeg, ntau txaus ntshai tshaj peb pog koob yawg koob ciali Pechenegs. Thiab yog tus khiav trading chaw, xoob, nto qaub ncaug sunflower noob.

Bunin hais tias raws li sai raws li nws yuav "liab" lub nroog, tam sim ntawd nws txawv cov neeg coob coob nyob hauv txoj kev. Xaiv yog ua los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis muaj lub simplicity, ordinariness. Lawv nyob nraum luag qias neeg, frightening nws siab phem stupidity, hu txhua leej txhua tus thiab txhua yam. Nyob rau hauv Teb Mars ua ib tug "comedy pam tuag" liam heroes uas tuag rau txoj kev ywj pheej. Nws yog ib tug mockery ntawm qhov tuag los, vim hais tias lawv tau raug deprived ntawm Christian faus, faus nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub nroog, caij nyob rau hauv liab Hleb.

"Ceeb toom" nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm

Yuav kom tseem yuav tau muab ib txoj kev ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm IA Bunin "Npam Hnub". Ntxiv mus, tus sau nyeem "Ceeb toom" nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hais tias cov hluav taws xob yuav tsis muaj sai sai no vim roj qaug. Tag nrho cov tau kho nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis muaj tseem tsis muaj kev tsheb ciav hlau, tsis muaj factories, tsis muaj khaub ncaws, tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus, tsis muaj dej. Lig nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj tuaj nrog cov "Commissioner" nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntsuas lub chav tsev "rau cov proletariat ntawm lub tsiaj hiav txwv." Tus sau xav yog vim li cas lub Tribunal, lub Commissioner, tsis yog lub tsev hais plaub. Vim hais tias nws yog ua tau taug kev los mus nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm lub hauv caug nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov lus dawb ceev no ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Muaj siab hlob - lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Red Army. Lub siab tawv, qhov muag, nro, luam yeeb nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj, nws cap on nws lub taub hau, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv rags. Nyob rau hauv Odessa, lwm 15 cov neeg raug tua, xa ob tug tsheb ciav hlau rau cov zaub mov defenders Petersburg thaum lub nroog nws tus kheej, "hnub ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis."

Qhov no ua tiav ua hauj lwm ntawm "Npam Hnub", ib txoj kev uas peb teem tawm mus piav rau koj. Nyob rau hauv xaus, tus sau sau hais tias muaj cai nyob rau ntawm no point, nws sau ntawv Odessa. Cov nram qab no daim ntawm nws faus nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, tawm hauv lub nroog, thiab ces yuav tsis nrhiav.

Ib tug nyuag tsom xam tej hauj lwm ntawm Bunin lub "Npam Hnub"

Ivan nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm qhia nws tus cwj pwm mus rau lub kiv puag ncig - sharply tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj kev nkag siab, "Npam Hnub" Bunin - nws tsis yog txawm tias ib tug chaw muag mis nyuj, txij li thaum cov ntaub ntawv raug zoo los ntawm lub cim xeeb txawj sau ntawv artistically tiav. Raws li keeb kwm lub sij hawm kis tau ntaus nqi los ntawm lawv mus rau lub Bolshevik kiv puag ncig. Bunin muaj lub xeem, uas muaj peev xwm xav tias yav dhau los ntawm lawv cov yawg thiab poj koob yawm txwv. Nws xav mus nias fading, lub caij nplooj zeeg zoo nkauj ntawm cov qub thiab formlessness, lub kev txom nyem ntawm peb lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Npam Hnub" Bunin hais tias Pushkin woefully tsawg thiab nyhav rau nws lub taub hau, li tab sis yog sau cia dua: "Tu siab kuv Russia!". Nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug ntsuj plig, tsuas yog qee lewd cov poj niam tab sis cov txiv neej.

Tsis tsuas yog lub triumph ntawm tyranny thiab swb ntawm kev cai ywj pheej yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv Gehenna kiv puag ncig, tab sis kuj yog ib tug irreplaceable poob ntawm hom thiab kev txiav txim ntawm lub neej nws tus kheej, lub yeej ntawm formlessness. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov khoom no yog dawb lias los tu siab nyuaj, uas yuav Bunin nrog nws lub teb chaws. Nrhiav rau orphaned chaw nres nkoj ntawm Odessa, tus sau txiav ntaqwm ncaim rau lawv honeymoon , thiab sau hais tias qhov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav tsis txawm xav txog tej yam uas Russia, uas ib zaug nyob los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv.

Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Lavxias teb sab Bunin txoj kev fwv yees thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev sib raug zoo. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas nws pom tsuas yam nplij yus siab.

Far from yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv idolized qub lub neej. Nws tsis xws luag twb muab zwm tseg nyob rau hauv "Suhodol" thiab "Lub Zos". Nws pom cov tib qhov chaw thiab lub progressive degeneration ntawm cov gentry chav kawm ntawv. Tab sis piv nrog rau horrors ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab kiv puag ncig, pre-revolutionary Russia nyob rau hauv lub sawv cev Bunin ua yuav luag ib tug qauv ntawm kev txiav txim thiab stability. Nws xav yuav luag biblical yaj saub, txawm nyob rau hauv lub "Zos" yuav usher rau hauv lub tuaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tos rau lawv tua, raws li zoo li tsis ncaj ncees chronicler thiab eyewitness lwm senseless thiab tsis hlub leejtwg li Lavxias teb sab revolt, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Pushkin. Bunin pom lub horrors ntawm lub kiv puag ncig tau ntaus nqi los ntawm cov neeg raws li pauj rau kev tsim txom thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Romanov dynasty. Thiab nws sau hais tias cov Bolsheviks yog yuav rhuav tshem ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem. Yog li ntawd, xws li ib tug grim Buninskaya chaw muag mis nyuj.