Nikolaus Harnoncourt - xyuas pib, cellist, philosopher thiab musicologist. Biography, nta muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav tseeb

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav 2016 dhau mus lawm qhov loj tshaj Austrian cellist, musicologist thiab neeg xyuas pib Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Kev koom tes nrog loj orchestras nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, nws pom lub sij hawm rau popularize qhabnias doers thiab qhia lub ntiaj teb no-nrov Salzburg Mozarteum Conservatory. Rau nws cov kev pab cuam Harnoncourt coj nyob rau hauv 2010 nyob rau hauv tsib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus neeg zoo tshaj conductors ntawm tag nrho cov sij hawm, tso ua ke los ntawm cov magazine BBC Music Magazine. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub npe ntawm tus tshuab raj mus ib txhis nkag mus hauv lub Hall ntawm koob meej ntawm lub British classical music magazine Gramophone.

Cov tsev neeg ntawm yav tom ntej neeg xyuas pib

Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) - xyuas pib, uas nws lub npe los ua ib tug dab neeg thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej. Nws tau tshwm sim mus rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv Berlin nyob rau hauv 1929 rau ib tsev neeg uas tau koom mus rau ib tug noble aristocratic tsev neeg. Los ntawm yug los, tus tshuab raj coj qhws lub npe ntawm Count, nws lub npe tag nrho yog Johann Nikolaus de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. Nws niam, lub Countess Ladislaya von Meran, yog tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv uas Archduke Johann ntawm Austria, uas tau yug los nyob rau hauv Huab tais Leopold II sib yuav thiab Marii Luizy ntawm Spain.

Leej Txiv Nikolaus hu ua Eberhard de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. Nws coj qhws lub npe ntawm Suav thiab yog ib tug neeg uas ancient Luxembourg Lorraine zoo. Cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm nws txiv pog Julia Mittrovskoy nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej. Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, Eberhard xav los ua ib tug tshuab raj, tab sis qhov yuav muaj hmoo tau yuam kom tau ib tug kawm ntawv qib siab. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws tsiv los ntawm Vienna mus Berlin thiab tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug pej xeem engineer. Ntawm no nws yuav Countess von Meran, uas tom qab uas yug nws tsib cov me nyuam. Sib nrug ntawm no, nyob Eberhard muaj ob tug zag ntawm nws tus thawj sib yuav.

Mob siab rau ua si qhov Cello

Thaum nyob rau hauv 1933 rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Hitler tuaj, cov tsev neeg Harnoncourt nyob puv lub zog tsiv mus rau Graz, nyob qhov twg muaj ib tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes Ladislav. Tsis ntev tom qab lub Anschluss ntawm Austria, nyob rau hauv 1939, lawv cov vaj tse twb nationalized, thiab tag nrho cov cai uas tau ntev enjoyed aristocrats xaiv. Txawm tias lub zog lub sij hawm, lawv cov me nyuam thiab Eberhard Ladislaya kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev hlub thiab kev saib xyuas. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau raug qhia kom ua si seev suab paj nruas, tab sis tom qab ua ib tug tshuab raj xwb Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Cello neeg xyuas pib hlub txij thaum yau thiab tsis xav kom nrog nws nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Ib tug ntawm nws cov kwv tij, Filis, xaiv music ntseeg thiab los ua ib tug Catholic theologian, thiab lub thib ob, Fabkis, tau muaj ib tug distinguished hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws lij choj.

Kev npaj ntawm kev kawm ntawv, ua hauj lwm Philharmonic

Tom qab tsov rog, Nikolaus nkag mus hauv lub Vienna Conservatory, qhov uas nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1952. Nyob rau hauv nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv hnub rau yav tom ntej neeg xyuas pib khwv tau ua si lub Cello nyob rau hauv lub orchestra ntawm lub Vienna State Opera. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub Conservatory 23-xyoo-laus tshuab raj sau tseg lub taub hau ntawm lub Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert von Karajan thiab tus caw kuv mus ua hauj lwm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab hu ua ib tug tiag tiag txoj kev vam meej, vim hais tias mus ua ib tug cellist nyob rau hauv lub Vienna Philharmonic yog tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim. Arnonkur Nikolaus tom qab nco qab tias nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub orchestra thov 40 cov neeg, tab sis Karajan nyiam nws tus cwj pwm, thiab nws coj nws tawm ntawm cov kev sib tw.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra coj Harnoncourt khoom nyiaj tau, ncig saib ua yeeb yam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, cov kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub prestigious Salzburg Success, kev sib hwm thiab kev hwm. Txawm li cas los, yuav tau hu rau lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Nikolaus tsis tau kiag li straightforward. Karajan, uas tus kheej caw cov feemxyuam cellist rau nws orchestra, nws twb tsis ntev xam tau tias yog rau yeeb ncuab thiab pib nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau nws ib txoj cai ntawm systematic kev tsim txom. Nws twb xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1969, thaum 40-xyoo-laus Harnoncourt resigned los ntawm lub orchestra thiab pib mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug neeg xyuas pib ua hauj lwm.

Kev sib yuav, muaj cov me nyuam

Nyob rau hauv 1953, lub Austrian neeg xyuas pib Nikolaus Harnoncourt, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog them nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, tau sib yuav violinist Alice Hoffelner, uas kawm txog kev nrog nws nyob rau hauv lub conservatory. Nyob rau hauv 1954 lub ob peb muaj ib tug ntxhais, Elizabeth, uas tom qab ua ib tug naas ej opera singer. Thaum sib yuav lawm, nws coj nws tus txiv lub xeem von Magnus. Tom qab nws tus ntxhais yug nyob rau hauv Harnoncourt 3 tug tub. Hluas tsev neeg tsawm nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tsev nyob hauv lub Austrian Alps.

Tsim koj tus kheej cov khaub ncaws ntau

Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog 25 nyob rau Nikolausa Arnonkura yog ib tug prestigious txoj hauj lwm, ib tug mob siab poj niam, ib tug zoo lub tsev. Nws yuav zoo li uas koj yuav so kom txaus thiab txaus siab rau lub neej. Txawm li cas los, lub cellist twb tsis mus tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv 1953 nws tau txais viola de Gumbo - ib tug ancient txoj hlua ntsuas baroque, reminiscent ntawm ib tug Cello. Thaum kawm tau mus ua si nws, Nikolaus yuav ib co ntau ancient seev, tom qab uas, ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam thiab ob peb tug phoojywg nrhiav tau cov khaub ncaws ntau Concentus Musicus Wien. Tsim los ntawm ib pab neeg tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov qhabnias kawm ntawv ntawm classical tej hauj lwm ntawm XVI-XVIII centuries. Nws yog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj khaub ncaws ntau, uas nws repertoire muaj cov suab paj nruas cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub Baroque lub sij hawm. Nws rehearsals rau 20 xyoo coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev nyob rau tsev Harnoncourt. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshaj meej me nyuam lub suab ntawm cov laus music, lub band neeg yuav tsum tau siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm kawm ua tus lossis loj npaum li ntawm cov qhab nia.

Parish chaw

Nikolaus Harnoncourt yog tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev vam meej ntawm koj qhov project, ces lub neej coj rehearsal nrog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Txawm li cas los, rau nws surprise, creativity Concentus Musicus Wien los ua nrov ntawm art lovers, musicians pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm active demonstrations thiab tours. Yog nyob rau hauv nthwv dej ntawm kev vam meej, cov qhab xaus nrog lub npe nrov German lub tuam txhab Telefunken lucrative ntawv cog lus thiab tsis pub dhau 15 xyoo, pua pua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Baroque lub sij hawm. Ntawm no thiab Suites Purcell thiab Bach sonatas, ua yeeb yam thiab cov laus Rameau thiab Monteverdi.

Pib neeg xyuas pib cov hom hauj lwm

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntau pib coj nyob rau hauv Harnoncourt tau ntev lawm uas nws yuav tsis muab nws nrog ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub orchestra. Roj rau qhov hluav taws kub nchuav ua lub qhov kev tsis sib haum nrog Karajan. Txij thaum lig '60s tshuab raj nquag ua nrog nws cov khaub ncaws ntau raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib thiab tsis tau ntsib tus taw tes rau yuav ib tug dog Cello. Tom qab tawm hauv pab neeg no Karajan, nws pib mus rau kev tsis tau tsuas yog nrog Concentus Musicus Wien. Nyob rau hauv 1970, Harnoncourt brilliantly coj lub orchestra nyob rau opera "Tus xa ntawm Ulysses rau nws teb koj chaw" nyob rau hauv lub legendary Teatro alla Scala. Tom qab qhov kev nthuav qhia, kos duab lovers, nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov suab paj nruas ntug zes ib lub hnub qub tshiab thiab lub npe nws - Arnonkur Nikolaus.

Creative ua si Harnoncourt nyob rau hauv adulthood

Neeg xyuas pib ob xyoo lawm ua hauj lwm ze nrog tus Dutch harpsichordist Gustav Leonhardt. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no kev koom tes, cov musicians twb tau mus sau tag nrho lub voj voog ntawm Bach tus cantatas, uas muaj ntau tshaj 200 tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 80-ies ntawm lub Austrian neeg xyuas pib Arnonkur Nikolaus coj lub orchestra nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws opera tsev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv cia li 4 xyoo (1987 rau 1991) nws muaj peev xwm sau tag nrho cov hauj lwm los ntawm Beethoven, Schubert thiab Mozart, muab tso rau ntawm lub Vienna Theatre ob peb ua yeeb yam. Lub tshuab raj tau ua hauj lwm nrog cov Philharmonic orchestras ntawm Berlin, Vienna thiab Amsterdam, ua ke nrog rau tej feemxyuam pianists li Lang Lang thiab Friedrich Gulda. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub repertoire muaj txhab Harnoncourt. Los ntawm kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws muaj kev tswj kom muab tso rau yuav luag tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas aroused nws tus paj laum. Cov neeg xyuas pib tau ua nrog cov suab paj nruas compositions los ntawm Haydn, Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Wagner, Dvorak, Brahms thiab lwm yam classics. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kev, nws pom lub sij hawm los qhia nyob rau Mozarteum Conservatory, mus saib xyuas tus kws kho mob uas yog los ntawm 2008

Nikolaus Harnoncourt: albums, cov ntaub ntawv thiab khoom plig

Mus ntsib nrog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Harnoncourt hnub no yuav ua tau vim nws album. Lawv tus xov tooj yog ib qhov nyuaj rau muab nyob rau hauv ib tug uake. Ntau ntau lub album tso ua ke nrog cov khaub ncaws ntau Concentus Musicus Wien, lub undisputed thawj coj uas yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm xyuas pib.

Harnoncourt authorship yuav mus rau heev heev musicological cov khoom luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntau prestigious music ntaub ntawv. Nyeem tsab xov xwm ntawm tus naas ej neeg xyuas pib yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Kuv contemporaries ntawm Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv 2005.

Rau koj ua tau nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm Nikolaus Harnoncourt pheej muab prestigious prizes. Nyob rau hauv 1997, rau cov qib ntawm classical music xyuas pib Robert Schumann nqi zog twb muab tsub. Nyob rau hauv tom ntej ua hauj lwm Harnoncourt sau cov puav pheej "Grammy" thiab "Kyoto", raws li zoo raws li lub Leipzig Bach puav pheej.

Care of art thiab kev tuag

Harnoncourt kawm kev mus rau ib tug ripe laus muaj hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv 85 xyoo, nws tseem active, tag nrho ntawm lub zog thiab kev tshoov siab. Rau yav tom ntej lub cev mob tso cai rau nws los mus tiv qhov khaus kev hais kwv txhiaj lub sij hawm thiab mloog nyob rau ib feem ntawm neeg sau xov xwm thiab kos duab lovers. Harnoncourt twb tsis npaj mus so num lawm, nws muaj ntau yam kev pab them nqi rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Tab sis muaj hnub nyoog coj nws, thiab lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, 2015 neeg xyuas pib ua ib qho hauj lwm daim ntawv qhia rau cov kawm tiav ntawm nws cov hauj lwm. Yog vim li cas rau tej kev npaj txhij txog kev txiav txim siab rau ntau yog tus deterioration ntawm nws noj qab haus huv raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm mob hnyav.

Harnoncourt tuag Lub peb hlis ntuj 5, 2016 nyob rau hauv lub Austrian lub zos ntawm St. Georgen im Attergau. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm nws lub neej nrog nws yog nws tus poj niam, cov me nyuam thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Great neeg xyuas pib thiab tshuab raj, tau nyob 86 xyoo. Harnoncourt lub koob meej yog zoo li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, hais tias ntawm nws txoj kev tuag qhia los ntawm tag nrho cov loj TV raws, xov tooj cua noj thiab ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub plawv ntawm ib tug zoo heev neeg xyuas pib nres ntaus, tab sis nws lub suab seev yuav nyob twj ywm mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv lub recordings, enabling succeeding tiam txaus siab rau lub kev zoo nkauj ntawm classical music nyob rau hauv cov qhabnias kawm ntawv.