Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lyudviga Van Beethoven. Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven yug nyob rau hauv ib tug era ntawm kuj zoo kawg hloov, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog tus Fabkis kiv puag ncig. Uas yog vim li cas lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub heroic nriaj los ua ib tug loj nyob rau hauv lub composer. Lub sib ntaus rau lub Republican hom phiaj, muaj lub siab xav txog cov kev hloov, ib tug zoo dua yav tom ntej - tej tswv yim no nyob Beethoven.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Yug Ludwig van Beethoven nyob rau hauv 1770 nyob rau hauv Bonn (Austria), qhov uas nws siv nws thaum yau. Kev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej composer occupies ib feem yog hloov los ntawm cov xib fwb, cov phooj ywg ntawm nws txiv qhia nws mus ua si ntau yam seev suab paj nruas.

Paub tias nws tus tub muaj suab paj nruas txuj ci, nws tus txiv, xav mus saib nyob rau hauv lub thib ob Mozart Beethoven, nws pib mus yuam cov me nyuam tub ntev thiab nyuaj siab kawg. Tab sis cia siab tau dashed, Ludwig tsis tau muaj pov thawj ib tug me nyuam prodigy, tab sis tau txais zoo compositional txawj. Thiab vim hais tias ntawm no nws thawj ua hauj lwm twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 12 lub xyoos: "Piano Variations rau Marsha Dresslera."

Beethoven thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam orchestra, tsis xaus lub tsev kawm ntawv. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm nws lub neej nws sau nrog yuam kev. Txawm li cas los, cov composer nyeem ntau thiab ib leeg xwb kawm Fabkis, Italian thiab Latin.

Lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm Beethoven lub neej tsis tau lub feem ntau tsim rau kaum xyoo (1782-1792) tau sau tsuas hais txog tsib caug tej hauj lwm.

Viennese lub sij hawm

Paub tias nws yog tsim nyog los muaj ib tug ntau mus kawm, Beethoven tsiv mus rau Vienna. Ntawm no nws mus kawm zaj lus qhia muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ua raws li ib tug pianist. Nws patronized los ntawm ntau lub suab paj nruag lovers, txawm li cas los, cov composer rau nws tus kheej mus rau lawv coldly thiab tau hais khov kho, sharply teb rau kev tsis txaus siab.

Beethoven tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog yus muaj los ntawm lawv teev, muaj ob symphonies, "Tswv Yexus nyob pem lub Roob Txiv Ntoo Roj lawm" - tus naas ej thiab tus tsuas hais lus. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav ua rau nws tus kheej lub npe hu kab mob - lag ntseg. Beethoven realizes hais tias nws yog incurable thiab progressing sai heev. Ntawm hopelessness thiab doom composer delves mus rau hauv lub tswv yim.

Central lub sij hawm

Qhov no lub sij hawm hnub ntawm 1802-1012 xyoo thiab yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm flourishing ntawm Beethoven tus txuj ci. Muaj kov yeej kev txom nyem tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob, nws pom kev zoo sib thooj ntawm lawv tawm tsam nrog cov tawm tsam ntawm lub revolutionaries nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Beethoven tej hauj lwm embody ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov kuj thiab nyob ruaj khov kho ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom meej meej manifested nyob rau hauv "Heroic Symphony" (Symphony № 3), opera "Fidelio", "Appassionata" (Sonata № 23).

kev hloov

Qhov no lub sij hawm sau los ntawm 1812 mus 1815. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe muaj cov loj loj hloov tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub reign ntawm Napoleon mus lub Congress of Vienna. Nws coj txhawb reactionary monarchical tendencies.

Ua raws li cov nom tswv hloov thiab hloov kev cai teeb meem no. Ntaub ntawv thiab suab paj nruag yog txav deb ntawm lub niaj zaus heroic classicism ntawm Beethoven. Romanticism pib mus ntes tus tso txoj hauj lwm. Composer lees txais cov kev hloov no, tsim ib symphonic fantasy "sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vattorii" cantata "zoo siab lub sij hawm". Ob creatures muaj zoo zoo nrog cov pej xeem.

Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua lub tej hauj lwm ntawm Beethoven ntawm lub sij hawm no yog raws li nram no. Them tribute rau tus tshiab zam, lub composer pib xyaum ua tej yam, mus nrhiav txoj kev tshiab thiab cov suab paj nruas hom kev kawm. Muaj ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb pom tau raug lees paub tias ntse heev.

tom qab ua hauj lwm

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm Beethoven lub neej twb cim los ntawm nom tswv poob nyob rau hauv Austria thiab hnyav kab mob ntawm cov composer - lag ntseg los ua tsis yog. Tsis muaj ib tsev neeg, raus nyob rau hauv silence, Beethoven coj cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm nws lawm tub, tab sis nws tsuas yog coj chim siab.

Beethoven tom qab lub sij hawm yog sib txawv heev los ntawm tej yam uas nws tau sau ua ntej lawm. Romanticism prevails, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm tawm tsam thiab hais ntawm lub teeb thiab tsaus ua philosophical.

Nyob rau hauv 1823, lub teeb tshwm loj tshaj creation (raws li nws suav hais tias nws tus kheej) Beethoven - "Missa Solemnis", thawj ua nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

Beethoven: "für Elise"

Qhov no ua hauj lwm tau ua nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Beethoven tus creation. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm lub composer Bagatelle tooj 40 (lub formal lub npe) twb tsis lug paub. Cov ntawv sau sab tsuas yog tom qab lub composer tuag. Nyob rau hauv 1865, nws pom Ludwig Xoom Beethoven soj ntsuam. Nws tau txais nws los ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm ib tug tej yam poj niam uas yuav lav hais tias nws yog ib tug khoom plig. Thaum sau ntawv bagatelles yuav tsis tau tsim, raws li nws tau sau hnub tim April 27 tsis specifying lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1867 nws luam tawm ib tug ua hauj lwm, tab sis tus thawj, hmoov tsis, tau raug poob lawm.

Leej twg yog Elise, uas yog mob siab rau mus rau lub piano tej yam me me, nws yog tsis paub. Muaj txawm tias ib tug suggestion rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm Max Unger (1923), ib tug ua hauj lwm uas yog Ameslikas hu ua "Yuav kom Teresa" thiab Xoom cia li tsis ncaj ncees lawm rhuav Beethoven tus thiab nyeem tau. Yog hais tias peb txais no version ntawm qhov tseeb, ces cov kev ua si yog nplooj siab mus rau lub composer tus menyuam kawm ntawv - Therese Malfatti. Beethoven yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws thiab txawm npaj rau nws, tab sis twb tsis kam.

Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub ntau yam zoo nkauj thiab zoo kawg nkaus tej hauj lwm sau ntawv rau piano, Beethoven rau ntau tus neeg yog inextricably txuas nrog no mysterious thiab fascinating ua si.