Mind kuas: ib qho piv txwv thiab daim ntawv thov

Kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau hais tias lawv yog muab cia rau hauv lub cim xeeb ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog dictated los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kawm thiab lub xyoo txuam ntawm kev txawj ntse. "Qhov chaw" thiab kom txhua yam nyob rau hauv koj lub taub hau yuav pab siab kuas. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub hom phiaj thiab nta peb yuav saib nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

piav qhia

Mind kuas yog feem ntau hu ua lub kev twb kev txuas kos duab thiab kev puas hlwb maps. Qhov no yog ib schematic sawv cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm daim card no yog lub niam tswv yim (cov tub ntxhais), thiab los yeej muaj nws mus branching (tsob ntoo daim duab). Txhua ceg tej zaum yuav ib tug siv mus rau lo lus-tswvyim, txheej xwm, paub tab, hnub, thiab hais txog. F. Kev npaj ntawm cov txawj ntse-card nyob rau hauv kev kawm yog feem ntau yog siv rau kho cov kawm ntaub ntawv, yam tsawg kawg ib tug txais tos zoo los tawm tswvyim. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no siv rau cov high-muaj peev xwm, uas muaj ib tug system ntawm kev faib ntawm cov nqe lus thiab cov tshuaj.

Mind kuas - ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev graphical nco ntsoov. Nws yuav ua tau ib lub zuj zus los yog collectively. Nws yuav tsum tau tsuas ib daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv, cwj mem qhuav thiab lub tswv yim.

zaj dabneeg

Kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub kab kos kev sib raug zoo belongs rau lub British txawj sau ntawv thiab kev puas siab ntsws Toni Byuzenu thiab hais txog mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 80-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsuas yog tus pom zoo txoj kev. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm tau sim schematic duab ntxiv. Yog li, tus thawj siab daim ntawv qhia, ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov uas belongs rau lub koob thib 3 xyoo pua, belongs rau lub philosopher Porphyry ntawm Tyros. Ua tib zoo kawm views ntawm Aristotle, nws graphically xwm lawv lub ntsiab pawg, lub tswvyim ntawm kev loj hlob. Nws kev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th rov lwm philosopher Raymond Lully.

lub siab maps txoj kev tsim los ntawm Buzan, inherently muaj cov tswv yim ntawm lub tuam semantics Polish soj ntsuam Alfred Korzybski thiab tsom ntsoov rau qhov ua hauj lwm ntawm ob leeg hemispheres ntawm lub paj hlwb.

lub sij hawm

Raws li qhia los ntawm ntev-sawv xyaum ntawm cov xib fwb, kev sib txuas kab kos - nco ntsoov-kev yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev qhia tshiab. Qhov no yog ib tug uas zoo nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm tej hauj lwm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas yuav cia:

• Sai heev thiab zoo ua hauj lwm nrog tej nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
• Tsim zajlus kom, associative, muaj tswv yim kev xav, lub tswv yim.
• Siv graphical presentations mus piav qhia txog lub interlocutors tus kheej txoj hauj lwm.
• Yuav kom txiav txim siab, los mus npaj, tsim tej yaam num.

Mind kuas - ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho yooj yim thiab zoo txais tos nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub dag zog thiab lub sij hawm, tab sis muab lub feem ntau zoo tau.

nta

Mind kuas yog feem ntau nrhiav tau nrog lub conceptual maps. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog ib tug yuam kev. Cov yav tas yog tsim los ntawm American psychologists nyob rau hauv lub 70-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab depict kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub tswv yim, tej tswv yim, tej xwm txheej. Conceptual maps yog ib zajlus kom qauv (ib lub caij tawm ntawm lwm cov), thiab kev sib txuas kos duab - tawg (.. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntsiab yog feeb meej nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug tib lub tswv yim).

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias xws li duab sau ntawv nws muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo tshaj lwm txoj kev. Qhov zoo ntawm nws yog cob qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab yooj yim ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thiab nco nws. Tswv yim ua ntau kom meej thiab to taub, lawv yuav npog ib lub qhov muag. Qhov tsis zoo yog ib tug tsawg teev thiab kev siv cov tsuas yog ib qho central tswvyim.

Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab txoj kev qhuab qhia muaj zoo tsis muaj kev txwv. Tshwj xeeb mloog yog yuav tsum tau siv hlwb maps nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ua si hauv lub assimilation ntawm kev paub tshiab cov me nyuam yuav tsum kawm kom cais tawm lub niam tswv yim, los tsim associative xav, ib tug coherent hais lus, txhawb kev kawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, lawv kos duab tsawg heev teev thiab nthuav raws li tus me nyuam kev txawj ntse loj hlob.

daim ntawv thov

Yav tas los, cov kev siv ntawm lub siab maps yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv. Niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov xib fwb tab sis kuj mus rau cov neeg sib txawv ntawm cov hauj lwm. Dluab zoo kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, Sociology, humanities, engineering sciences, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub npaj rau txhua hnub tej xwm txheej. Yog li, lawv yuav tsum tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev noj sau ntawv ntawm kev qhuab qhia thiab cov phau ntawv, tab sis kuj daws muaj tswv yim teeb meem, tsim lus, txoj kev loj hlob tej yaam num ntawm ntau yam teeb meem ntau ntau, Yog nqus organigram.

Cia peb muab piv rau ob tej hauj lwm:

1. Tus thawj cov piv txwv ntawm ib tug lub siab daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia 17-18 centuries. Qhov tseem ceeb tswvyim-lo lus yog "Peter kuv». Nws ncaim ntawm lub plaub loj ceg: "Tsev Neeg", "kho kom zoo," "neeg pluag uprising", "Economy". Txhua qeb muaj ntau branching, uas yog lawm ua tus sau nrog paub meej ntxiv: lub npe, hnub, txheej xwm. Qhov no daim ntawv yog ib tug compressed, tab sis, theej tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej yam uas yuav siv tau los rov hais dua cov ntaub ntawv los yog raws li ib tug kev tawm tswv yim ua ntej kawm ib tug tshiab lub npe.
2. Qhov thib ob lub lag luam yog ib daim duab tsom xam ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw no muab tso rau ib tug tus kheej yees duab, thiab los yeej muaj ncaim lub ceg sib nug xov mus rau lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm lub neej: tus kheej, kev, muaj tswv yim, kev txawj ntse, lub cev noj qab haus huv, thiab lwm yam no card yuav pab tau txaus ntsuam xyuas cov tam sim no lub xeev ntawm affairs thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm peb tes num yav tom ntej cov kauj ruam thiab kev txiav txim siab .. los pab sau qhov khoob thiab nrog tej yam tsis zoo.

Raws li pom, lub hom phiaj hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm tus qauv ntse card yog sib txawv, tab sis cov ua hauj lwm zoo yuav ua tau ib yam li siab.

Lub tswv yim rau kev tsim

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav kos duab mus nws zoo yuav luag unbeatable. Thiab yuav ua li cas nrog txoj kev xyaum? Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau lub siab maps, yog li ntawd nws tau muab lub siab tshaj plaws nyhuv? Nws yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntsiab lus:

• Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub card fits tus yuam sij tswvyim. Yog hais tias koj xav mus tso saib lub sij hawm bar yog nyob rau ntawm sab laug sab ntawm yav dhau los, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj cai - lub neej yav tom ntej.
• Los ntawm cov keeb - lub hauv paus tswv yim - zoo dua mus rau noj ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 5-7 ceg. Txwv tsis pub, hauv daim ntawv qhia yuav tsis yooj yim kom to taub. Yog hais tias lub npe yuav tsum tau ib tug loj scale, lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau grouped los ntawm tej yam cwj pwm.
• Qhov thib peb taw tes yog cov zajlus kom lawv liag los yog card. Nws kev txhawj xeeb sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntsiab. Rov qab mus rau cov piv txwv uas tau sau tseg saum toj no - nco kuas rau keeb kwm. Thaum lub branching ntsiab teem nyob rau hauv ib tug hais, tsis random: "Tsev Neeg", "kho kom zoo," "neeg pluag uprising", "Economy". Lawv qhia hais tias ib cov saw ntawm cov txheej xwm uas txuam nrog lub neej thiab reign ntawm Peter I.
• Yam siab kuas - piv txwv ntawm ceev ceev thiab check cia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws.
• Thiab lwm ntxeev txog kev cuv npe daim ntawv. Ntawv yog zoo dua positioned horizontally. Yog li ntawd ntau chav rau duab manipulation, thiab nws tseem tau mus ntxiv daim ntawv qhia modeling. Rau associative xaav, koj muaj peev xwm siv cov cim, kos duab, txawv xim cwjmem los yog cwj mem qhuav.