Lub yim hli ntuj 1991 coup thiab nws cov txim rau lub teb chaws

Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv niaj hnub keeb kwm cov phau ntawv yuav tsum mus kawm no txawv tshaj plaw kev tshwm sim, raws li lub yim hli ntuj putsch nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm 19 mus rau 21 Lub yim hli ntuj 1991. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov conspirators tsis tswj kom cuag lawv cov hom phiaj, qhov tseeb hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim tau tshwm sim los discontent li cov ntawm UFW ntawm cov tshiab txoj cai caum Gorbachev thiab Yeltsin thiab nws tw. Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws twb tau li khaus tias tej txim yuav ua rau loj cov txheej xwm, kom txog thaum lub Civil War.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav objectively soj ntsuam tag nrho cov uas tau tshwm sim ces, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo mus rau ntsiab lub socio-economic qhov teeb meem uas prevailed nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 80-xx xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nrog cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim Mihaila Gorbacheva nyob rau hauv 1985, tsoom fwv yog siv kev cai, uas tom qab ua lub npe hu ua "restructuring." Nws twb aimed ntawm ib tug radical transformation ntawm lub tswv yim npaj kev khwv nyiaj txiag system thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug ua lag luam khwv nyiaj txiag nws tswj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub ideological system kuj tau tsis muaj zog txaus vim hais tias cov pej xeem muaj lub sij hawm kom muaj lwm yam tshaj li cov nom tsoom fwv views on cov no los yog lwm yam txheej xwm.

Lub yim hli ntuj putsch yog tus apotheosis ntawm lub tense teeb meem no, thaum lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm tau muab faib ua ob camps - los ntawm UFW ntawm cov tshiab txoj cai thiab nws cov tw. Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub rebellion sawv G. Ya. Yanaev, VA Kryuchkov thiab D. T. Yazov. Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub lig 80s twb nyuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj cai, raws li tau zoo raws li ib co inconsistency nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab executive lub cev nyob rau hauv lub teb, cov zaub mov thiab khoom ntsoog tau arisen nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Qhov no tau coj muaj coob tus neeg mus rau sim los lub socialist system, tab sis rov qab los taug txoj kev mus tsis tau ...

Lub yim hli ntuj 19, 1991 nws tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Moscow uas Soviet Thawj Tswj Hwm Mikhail Gorbachev ib ntus muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib rau kev kho mob yog vim li cas, thiab tag nrho cov hwj chim mus rau lub xeev pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev (Emergency Committee). Qhov no yog lub yim hli ntuj coup, uas kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias lub acuteness ntawm qhov teeb meem no uas prevailed nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ces. Qhov zoo ces, ua tsaug rau lub ceev ceev thiab meej cov lus teb los ntawm cov KGB, cov tub rog cov thawj coj, raws li zoo raws li Boris Yeltsin tswj kom tsis txhob muaj bloodshed, thiab tsuas yog ib ob peb cov neeg tau raug mob raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem.

Lub putschists tau tswj qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm Gorbachev, tiv thaiv cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm Boris Yeltsin, rov qab mus rau lub qub socialist system, thiab tiv thaiv kom lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Feem ntau ntawm peb cov pej xeem, thaum ib tug tsis zoo tus cwj pwm mus rau lub coup, vim hais tias nws yeej yog ib tug rov qab mus rau lub qub totalitarian tsoom fwv, nrog mob loj heev censorship, ib tug ntshiab muab faib rau cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm, raws li tau zoo raws li cov tsis muaj peev xwm mus koom nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam kev ua ub no. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov tam sim no hnub lub yim hli ntuj xyoo 1991 los lawm coup xyoo nws yog ua tau rau kwv yees ib tug ntau sober, raws li yav tom ntej cov txheej xwm ntawm 1992-1995 pom tias nyob rau hauv ib co moments rebels twb txoj cai, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm uas peb lub teb chaws twb yeej cia li looted, ntau qhauj nres, competent tshwj xeeb raug sab laug yam tsis muaj ua hauj lwm rau ib tug yoj ntawm banditry thiab hyperinflation. Luckily, qhov no lub sij hawm muaj kev tswj los mus kov yeej, tab sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub yim hli ntuj coup, vim hais tias nws yog ib yam ntawm cov lus ceeb toom mus rau lub tseem tej txheej xwm txiag, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis muaj ib tug justifies conspirators raws li ib tug coup yuav tsum tsis txhob muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Txhua yam yuav tsum coj qhov chaw heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ywj pheej mainstream, txawm li cas los, keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias lub tiaj revolutions yuav luag yeej tsis tshwm sim, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau lawv yog nrog los ntawm ib tug loj casualty.

Putsch nyob rau hauv Moscow los yog ib tug zoo kev resonance, uas muaj ob peb lub xyoo cuam tshuam cov haiv neeg, raws li zoo raws li lub views ntawm zoo tib yam cov pej xeem thiab tsoom fwv ua hauj lwm. Keeb kwm yuav tsum nco ntsoov, vim hais tias nws nyhav kom rov hais dua nws tus kheej ...