"Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens": qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub frescoes. Rafael Santi, "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens"

Santi Rafaello yug nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 1483 nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm ltalis. Feem ntau nws lub npe tsis nyuaj nyob rau hauv lub Latin yam li Sanzio los yog Santius. Cov artist nws tus kheej, nqa nws kos npe rau ntawm lub paintings, siv lub Latinized version ntawm nws lub npe - Rafael. Nyob rau hauv no lub npe nws los ua npe nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Nws loj-scale xeeb tub "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" twb paub txawm mus rau cov neeg uas muaj heev deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm fine art, duab.

Tus thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub kos duab

Txawm li ib tug me nyuam Rafaello paub tias nws yuav ua tau ib tug artist. Nws thawj thwmsim nyob rau hauv painting coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws tus txiv - Giovanni Santi. Nrog rau cov zaj lus qhia niam txiv neej yav tom ntej tus tswv mastered rau lub txheej txheem ntawm painting nyob rau hauv Timoteo Viti - paub nyob rau hauv cov hnub Umbrian artist. Thaum Santi Jr. yog 16 xyoo, nws tau xa raws li ib tug apprentice rau Pietro Vannuchi. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tus txiv neej no Rafael mus txog qhov tseeb heights ntawm kev txawj thiab mastered rau lub yooj yim kev kawm ntawm cov kos duab.

Feem ntau cov thaum ntxov, hluas zog tuaj Raphael - peb paintings: "thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael, ciav Xatas" (tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Paris), "npau suav Knight" (qhov chaw ntawm lub exhibition - London) thiab "Peb graces" (nws kawg nkaum - Chantilly). Yog li ntawd pib cov hauj lwm ntawm Rafael Santi. "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" nyob thaum tus sau yog 25 xyoo.

Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lub frescoes

Rafael tuaj rau tus Eternal City nyob rau hauv 1508. Ntawm no nws twb caw los ntawm Pope Julius II. Ntawm no yog lub artist yuav tsum tau xim lub chaw nres tsheb (lub ceremonial halls) Vatican Palace. Zaj paj huam della Senyatura Raphael twb pleev xim rau, dua picturesque dluab ntawm cov plaub qhov chaw ntawm kev puas hlwb kev ua si ntawm tus txiv neej: "hais tsis sib haum" (theology), "Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" (philosophy), "Parnassus" (paj huam) thiab "Txawj Ntse, Kev ntsuas Force" (txoj cai). Ib tug Maestro pleev xim rau saum qab nthab paintings, ideological overlap nrog qhov yooj yim pes tsawg leeg thiab kev coj tus kheej biblical, mythological thiab allegorical lub ntsiab lus.

Cov painting "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" tau ua tus epitome ntawm greatness philosophy thiab science. Cov yooj yim paradigm ntawm lub frescoes - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tswv yim ntawm cov humanists. Nws yuav roughly sau ua ke raws li ib lub caij nyoog rau harmonious daim ntawv cog lus nruab nrab ntawm cov sib txawv ceg ntawm science thiab philosophy. Lub arches ntawm qhov zoo heev architectural masterpiece dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab philosophers ntawm ancient Greece.

"Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" (Rafael). piav qhia

Ib tug tag nrho ntawm ntau tshaj li tsib caug painting depicts nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub xeeb tub muab tso Aristotle thiab Plato. Lawv qhia cov kev txawj ntse ntawm ancient sij hawm thiab sawv cev rau ob lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev xav. Plato cov ntsiab lus rau lub ntuj nrog koj tus ntiv tes, thiab Aristotle extends nws txhais tes thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Warrior, hnav ib lub kaus mom hlau - nws yog Aleksandr Makedonsky. Nws ua tib zoo mloog zoo li cov poj koob Socrates, thiab nws bends nws cov ntiv tes rau ntawm nws ob txhais tes, qhia ib yam dab tsi xav tsis thoob. Nyob rau sab laug sab, nyob ze ntawm lub stairs, surrounded los ntawm cov thwjtim ntawm Pythagoras, uas yog tibneeg hu tauj coob daws ib tug zauv teeb meem. "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" thiab pom ib qho chaw rau Epicurus, uas Raphael xim nyob rau hauv ib tug wreath ntawm cov txiv hmab nplooj.

Rau cov duab ntawm Michelangelo lub artist xaiv txoj kev ntawm Heraclitus, thiab pleev xim rau nws raws li ib tug txiv neej uas, leaning ntawm cov thawv muaj rau sab, zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug pensive teeb. Nyob rau hauv stairs tso Diogenes. Txoj cai yog Euclid uas ntsuas ib yam dab tsi rau ib tug duab daim duab nrog ib tug caliper. Stair treads - Qhov no yog cov theem uas muaj lub paub txog qhov tseeb. Euclid lub tuam txhab cas Ptolemy (tuav ib tug ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes) thiab Zoroaster (tuav ib tug ntiaj teb ntawm lub ntuj). Yuav kom lawv txoj cai yog ib daim duab ntawm Rafael, saib cov neeg tuaj saib.

lwm yam cim

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" - ib tug xeeb tub ntawm ntau tshaj 50 cim nyob rau hauv nws lub siab tus lightness thiab spaciousness cov yam ntxwv ntawm Santi cwj pwm zoo. Dhau li ntawm tus saum toj no cov nuj nqis, cov web yog pej xeem thiab cov cim xws li Spekvsipp (philosophy, xwm li nrog ib cov hwj txwv thiab ib tug Toga xim av) Meneksen (philosophy, clad nyob rau hauv Toga xiav Hawj txawm) Xenocrates (philosophy, Toga dawb). Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj yog Pythagoras, los ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes, Crete (nyob rau hauv liab tiab), Diagoras ntawm Melos - kws sau paj lug shirtless, keeb kwm nuj nqis.

Zoo li tag nrho cov ntiaj teb masterpieces, "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" yog tsis paub hais tias mus rau pej xeem ib ob peb ntawm cov nuj nqis. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg paub leej twg yog xwm li nyob rau hauv lub mural rau ib ceg, thiab leej twg muaj lub rov qab rau hauv ib tug liab tiab. Tab sis tus nyiam artist yog ib qho yooj yim los mus taw qhia: nws nruab nrab yog Hypatia.

Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog tus "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens"

Stanzas nyob rau hauv lub Vatican pleev xim rau ntse heev Rafael kaum xyoo - los ntawm 1508 mus 1518. Santi nws tus kheej koom nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm tsuas yog plaub lub xyoos (1508-1512). Tag nrho cov so ntawm lub painting Maestro ua thwjtim nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tswj. Muaj yog ib lub caij nyoog, tab sis ib tug heev interesting coincidence tias plaub xyoo ua hauj lwm Rafael tshaj qhov chaw nres tsheb, thiab tib lub xov tooj ntawm xyoo ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Sistine qab nthab los ntawm Michelangelo.

Lub npe ntawm tus naas ej frescoes by Raphael yog tsis. Keeb kwm qhov chaw hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub duab ris lub npe ntawm "philosophy." "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" - ib lub npe uas tsis yog tag nrho raws li dab tsi yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub hom ntaub khov heev. Cov painting, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub philosophers ntawm Athens, muaj coob tus neeg uas muaj yeej tsis nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub zos no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub xeeb tub muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus ntsib ua ke nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Cov kev tuag ntawm cov poj artist

Ua neej nyob tau 37 xyoo, 6 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1520 (hnub nws yug los) tuag tus poj Rafael Santi. "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Athens" kuj dim rau centuries. Ntiaj Teb hav zoov Maestro yog ci ntsa iab thiab cos, zoo li ib tug comet. Tab sis qhov no yog txoj hmoo allotted lub sij hawm yog txaus kom txog Raphael nco qab txog li qhov loj tshaj artist ntawm lub Renaissance.

Santi txoj kev tuag yog cia li, nws twb tu ncua los ntawm cov kev ua yeeb ncuab ntawm ob loj tshaj geniuses ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Ob leeg coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov creation ntawm lub Vatican. Peb yuav tau tham txog Raphael thiab Michelangelo. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tom kawg yog cov laus Santi, nws outlived nws los ntawm ntau lub xyoos.

Raphael tuag nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, thiab nws tshauv faus nrog honors uas tsim nyog ntawm no era ntawm unsurpassed ntse heev thiab cov ua cim. Muaj tsis muaj artist uas yuav tsis tau siv lub xeem lus tus neeg sau ntawm "Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" thiab nyuaj lub Maestro.