Lub pem hauv ntej sab ntawm ib tug denomination. Uas sab ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus nqi yog suav tias yog?

Txhua banknote, seb npib los yog banknote nws muaj nws "ntsej muag", thiab ntau yeej, cov pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab sab. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum ib tug tsis paub ib tug neeg yog heev yooj yim to taub qhov twg rau pem hauv ntej sab ntawm tus nqi, thiab qhov chaw uas nws rear ib feem. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, them rau cov khoom los yog cov kev pab cuam, tej kev kawm los yog tsis yuav tsum tau, tab sis qhov teeb meem yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tej zaum txawm mystical tseem ceeb rau ib txhia neeg.

Qhov twg yog qhov obverse

Avers - qhov thiaj li hu ua pem hauv ntej sab ntawm banknotes los yog npib, thiab muaj yog ib lub npe los ntawm lub Fabkis lo lus avers los yog adversus Latin, uas txhais tau tias "txojkev lub ntsej muag."

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, thiab tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv yog tsis muaj kev pom zoo raws li yuav ua li cas kom paub txog lub "ntsej muag" ntawm lub banknote. Txhua lub xeev yeej muaj txoj cai muab lawv tus kheej cov kev cai nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem. Cuaj kaum, muaj ib co kev cov txheej txheem rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub obverse. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej sab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog sawv cev:

• ib tug portrait ntawm tus tswv xeev, tus thawj tswj hwm (tam sim no los yog yav tas los) lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev;
• State emblem los yog lub emblem ntawm lub teb chaws; tej zaum nws tshwm sim hais tias lub cim tseem ceeb no muab tso rau ob sab, ces cov obverse yog ib tug nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog lub ntsiab lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim, ib tug ntau dua qib los yog loj dua nyob rau hauv loj;
• lus dab neeg, lub npe ntawm lub xeev, lub chaw uas zoo heev;
• lub npe ntawm tus muab bank.

Thiab yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis

Tej zaum, tab sis yog, nws tshwm sim hais tias pem hauv ntej sab ntawm lub banknote tsis muaj ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no cov tsos mob. Yuav ua li cas yuav hais tias yuav? Nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg cov duab uas zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv tus nqi yog tej nuj nqis ib tug portrait tsis nco qhov chaw, xam tau tias yog mus yuav tus obverse sab opposite rau hais tias nyob rau hauv uas yog muab tso rau hauv lub denomination banknote, los yog ib qhov chaw uas tus naj npawb.
Nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub teb chaws catalog ntawm lub teb chaws uas muab cov nqi. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj cai siv ntau rau cov nyiaj npib, vim hais tias lawv muaj ib tug ntau me me qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas tag nrho cov hnub nyoog xws yuav tsis yooj yim.

Yog vim li cas hloov lub "ntsej muag" nyob rau hauv lub ruble

Lavxias teb sab banknotes kuj muaj tej yam tshwm sim obverse, kev kawm rau cov kev cai. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntau lub sij hawm, cov txawv lwm nta twb sis tsis ncaj: yuav luag ib txwm portraits kav cov vaj ntxwv tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej sab ntawm Lavxias teb sab banknotes, thiab nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm lawv hloov lub portrait ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub proletariat V. I. Lenina, yog tam sim no nyob rau bank sau ntawv txog tej yam muaj nuj nqis. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1991 lub hwj chim, thiab nrog nws lub xeev cov nom tswv kev kawm hloov dramatically, thiab tsis ntev yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab txiaj, qhov twg ib tug portrait ntawm Vladimir Ilyich sai sai hloov lub Kremlin tus duab, ib lub cim ntawm lub xeev hwj chim, lub ntsiab fortress ntawm lub teb chaws. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm thiab kom txog thaum tam sim no rau pem hauv ntej sab ntawm tus nqi Lavxias teb sab banknotes ceased kom muaj portraits, thiaj li tsis mus nyob ntawm seb cov kev cai ntawm lub xeev. Dluab ntawm lub zos thiab kev cai monuments tsis muaj tus ideological underpinnings thiab yuav yuav yam no thaum twg lub sij hawm.

Lavxias teb sab squadron

Lub pem hauv ntej sab ntawm ib tug denomination ntawm 100 rubles ntawm tus qauv nyob rau hauv 1993 tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub Senate ntauwd ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin thiab lub Lavxias teb sab tricolor, muab tso rau hauv dome ntawm lub Senate. Ua tau, xws li ib tug duab thaum lub sij hawm muaj rau cov obverse nqi ntawm tej denomination, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1995, txhua yam tau hloov nyob rau hauv qhov tsis txaus siab raug muab tshiab sau ntawv nyob rau hauv denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 thiab 500 txhiab rubles .. Tab sis tus tshiab "centesimal" nyob ib me ntsis tom qab - Lub ib hlis ntuj 1, 1998.

Sab xis ntawm tus nqi, uas muab tso rau lub yees duab hauv qab no, muaj ib daim duab Quadriga, lub Roman ob-wheeled chariot kos los ntawm plaub nees. Qhov no bronze chariot of Apollo decorates lub portico ntawm lub Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. Chiv, tus duab tib yam muaj banknote denominations ntawm 100 000 xuas., Tab sis tom qab denomination nyob rau hauv 1997 nees "thinner" raws nraim ib txhiab lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm yawm yog twb nyob rau banknote denominations ntawm 100 rubles. Raws li xws li, pua pua tseem tshwm sim niaj hnub no, tab sis lub kaum hli ntuj 30, 2013 luam tawm ib tug tshiab "Olympic" commemorative banknote ntawm 100 rubles. Nws yog ib lub cim txog hais tias nws tso tawm yog launched raws nraim ib puas hnub ua ntej qhib ntawm lub Olympic ua si. Lub pem hauv ntej sab ntawm ib tug denomination ntawm 100 rubles ib snowboarder duab projection ntawm lub Olympics, thiab nyob rau hauv rov qab yog pom stylized firebird, soaring tshaj lub Olympic chaw ntau pob "Fischt". Tag nrho cov kev ntawm "Olympic pua pua" ntawm 20 lab cov ntawv luam, thiab ib co ntawm lawv raug tso tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom plig lub thawv.

thousandth denomination

Lub obverse txhiab nqi nyob rau hauv 1993 kuj muaj ib cov duab ntawm lub teb chaws tus chij nyob rau hauv Senate pej thuam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 95 th bank ntawv twb reissued dua. Sab xis ntawm banknotes ntawm 1000 rubles, uas mus cia rau hauv kev Cuaj hlis 29, 1995, perpetuates Vladivostok attractions - qhov ntxeev ntawm lub rostral kem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug sailboat "Manchuria", uas yog ntsia ntawm lub nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog nyob rau hauv 1982. Qhov thib ob daim duab nyob rau hauv obverse yog cov duab ntawm lub hiav txwv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Vladivostok, nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov bay ntawm lub Golden Horn, uas nws tus kheej muaj ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug "txhiab" ntawd kub ntev li tsis dhau lawm ntev - tuaj lub denomination, thiab dua coj tus tshiab nyiaj. 1 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2001 pom lub teeb ntawm lub tshiab banknote 1000 Lavxias teb sab rubles, nws obverse adorned cov monument los Grand tub huabtais Yaroslav cov Wise, tsa nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus founder ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub nroog ntawm Yaroslavl. Daim duab thib ob nyob rau hauv lub obverse ntawm lub banknote yog Chapel Kazan Dame backdrop ntawm lub Yaroslavskyy Kremlin. Raws li xws li, lub "thousandth" tshwm sim niaj hnub no. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws twb ob zaug reissued, cov tsos nws tsis tau hloov, tsuas ntxiv degree ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

lub authenticity

Txhua lub xeev tej teeb meem rau nws tus kheej banknotes, yog cias yuam ua hauj lwm saib xyuas ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lawv authenticity. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis muaj daim card uas tus cuav banknotes thiab npib - yog ib tug criminal ua, tab sis, hmoov tsis, kev paub no yog tsis muaj peev xwm kom tsis txhob counterfeiters, xav ua kom tau. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov tseeb kos npe rau ntawm ib tug uniformly faib nyob tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov nqi, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, feem ntau ntawm lawv muab rau Aversa.

Piv txwv li, lub authentication nta feem ntau pom nyob rau pem hauv ntej sab, yog:

• moire qauv - ib tug tshwj xeeb cheeb tsam, hloov nws cov xim thiab muaj pom iridescent sawb;
• ceev cov nyhuv - ib tug latent duab uas tau pom, tsuas yog xav tias yuav tus nqi ntawm ib tug ntse lub;
• infrared cim npe - ib feem ntawm cov duab yog them nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb compound uas muaj lub peev xwm ci nyob rau hauv lub infrared;
• embossed lettering - tshwj xeeb ua rau cov tsis pom kev zoo;
• microperforation - denomination banknotes, packed nrog me me qhov rau lub visually impaired;
• lub serial tooj, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev qhov chaw;
• thov ib tug duab uas siv cov optically nce mus nce los number case.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj lwm yam nta - watermarks, kev ruaj ntseg fibers, magnetic ntawv, micro ntawv nyeem, mikrorisunok, kev tiv thaiv nws yog xim hlau xov, thiab thiaj li nyob, tab sis lawv yog feem ntau tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kev los yog nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm cov nqi nws tus kheej.

Yuav ua li cas tau nyiaj ntau lub tsev txhab nyiaj yuav tsis kam txais

Feeb txaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub ib daim nqi uas koj yuav tsis tau txais, txawm yog hais tias nws yog muaj tseeb. Ntug dej yog rho los ntawm kev (tsis muaj nyiaj ua se) xws moneys:

• decrepit, phem heev frayed;
• muab los ntawm cov kev (qhov kawg ntawm lub yeem pauv cov sij hawm);
• Banknote ib feem, uas nws cheeb tsam yog tsawg tshaj li 55% ntawm lawv cov thawj loj;
• cov nqi kho mob, puas los ntawm dej, hluav taws kub, tshuaj, yog tias ua ke nrog rau cov kev puas tsuaj feem muaj tsawg tshaj li 55% ntawm cov thawj cheeb tsam;
• tsis kam txais banknotes, Yog hais tias qhov rov qab los yog pem hauv ntej sab ntawm tus nqi tsis yog ib tug ntawm ob tug denominations, xov tooj, los yog yog hais tias lawv yog heev zibntab: cov tsis muaj ib tug ruaj ntseg xov, mob kev puas tsuaj los yog kev hloov ntawm cov portrait, ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub nominal tus nqi ntawm lub banknote nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum;
• lub Tib yam siv rau lub siab tawg tag, txiav mus rau hauv ob peb daim glued banknotes, yog ib tug ntawm cov qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov belongs rau tsawg tshaj 55% ntawm lub cheeb tsam.

nyiaj tej yam tshwm sim

Zoo, tam sim no koj paub tias qhov twg rau pem hauv ntej sab ntawm tus nqi, li ntawd, nws yog lub sij hawm los tham txog cov feem ntau nrov thiab, lawv hais tias, cov zoo nqa mus txog obverse. Yog hais tias koj xav kom tau nyiaj koj yeej ib txwm tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv loj tus xov tooj, nws yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv koj lub hnab tawv me yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nruj me ntsis obverse rau nws tus tswv, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug txog kev txiav txim - los ntawm ntau tshaj rau qis tshaj, yog li ntawd thaum koj qhib lub hnab loj heev cov nqi kho mob ntsia koj ncaj nraim nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov nyiaj yuav tsum tsis txhob dag "upside down" - yuav ua tau "tu siab" thiab tawm. Ib tug neeg ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv omens, ib txhia ua tsis, tab sis koj tig koj lub ntsej muag rau cov nyiaj nws tus kheej yog tsis yooj yim, yog li sim los mus tiv thaiv koj - thiab mam li nco dheev ua hauj lwm?