Tshuaj thermodynamics: enabled los yog neeg xiam oob qhab

Yuav ua li cas yog hlawv? Qhov no yog feem ntau oxidation, lub compound ntawm roj nrog rau oxygen. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov pa yog yuav luag tag nrho cov tshuaj, thiab qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis pib (thiab ua tsaug rau siab zoo). Yog li ntawd, cia li ib tug me ntsis ntawm lub reactants, nws yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account lwm yam. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thermodynamics.

Qhov no science yog heev yooj yim, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ntau yam, nws yuav tau mus thov mus countless phenomena thiab cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim los yog tsis tshwm sim .... Ntawm no nws yog adamant los daws kom tau cov kev cai ntawm no science. Basic ntsiab ntawm tshuaj thermodynamics yog heev yooj yim. Thiab lawv tsis zoo li rebut, raws li Einstein. Qhov no extraordinarily gifted zaum ntseeg tias qhov no yog feem ntau txhim khu kev qha ntawm lub theories ntawm lub ntug.

Raws li peb paub los ntawm kev, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj dab tsis mus nthawv. Ua ntej, kev soj ntsuam tau pom hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm lub tshua uas pib rau lawv tus kheej, nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm tshav kub tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los, uniquely khi exothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab nws cov spontaneity, raws li nws muab tawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. Vim hais tias muaj yog ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv uas pib sov siab thiab yog cov uas muaj haum ntawm tshav kub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib nthawv heev.

Yuav ua li cas to taub dab tsi tshwm sim? Yog xwm nyhav kom txo tau zog? Nyuaj, tshuaj thermodynamics hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb peb ib puag ncig tsis nyiam lub zog yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj plaws mess! Zoo, ib txhia neeg nyob rau hauv lub solidarity nrog cov xwm.

Tsis teeb meem yuav piav raws li nruj me ntsis? Nws hloov tawm hais tias nws yog ua tau, nws yuav siv lub tswvyim ntawm "entropy". Nws chemists thiab physicists poetically hu ua tus "xub ntawm lub sij hawm". Yog vim li cas? Txij li thaum cov txheej txheem uas muaj ib qho kev nce rau hauv entropy nthawv mus nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib qho kev taw qhia. Thiab nws muab lawv irreversible. Cov no yog cov me nyuam yaus ntawm tshuaj thermodynamics. Koj yuav saib tau qhov txawv ntawm txhua yam dab. Piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv billiards koj yuav scroll rov qab nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab - thiab nws yuav zoo plausible. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj yuav pom yuav ua li cas mus rau xeb los ntawm tus ntsia thawv los yog rov qab los sparkler, koj tam sim ntawd twb paub lawm hais tias qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb, nws tsis tshwm sim. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov kev piv txwv yog tsis meant yuav txog, tab sis ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv entropy tsis ua ib tug tsi ntawm "xub ntawm lub sij hawm".

Tshuaj thermodynamics yog tsis tsim ib tug ntaus ntawv uas yuav txiav txim seb lub theem ntawm entropy, nws yog ib yam twg li speculative tswvyim. Tab sis nws yog ua tau los xam, rau qhov no yuav tsum tau paub qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qhov kub thiab txias thaum uas qhov kev hloov tshwm sim. Vim li cas cov kub yog muab rau tus account? Qhov tseeb hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov lus tsa suab ntawm tus hais yog heev ze ze rau qhov kub thiab ntau dua qhov lub ceev, qhov ntau chaos, nyeem, entropy.

Qhov tseem chaotic daim ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem - roj. Yog li ntawd, ib tug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas tus nqi ntawm cov roj yuav ua rau kom, tau nyaij nrog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv entropy. Piv txwv li, lub disintegration ntawm lub calcium carbonate. Tab sis tau txais cov dej los ntawm cov pa nrog hydrogen yog heev yooj yim, txij thaum lub entropy tsawg.

Yog hais tias xam los ntawm cov mis Gibbs zog, nws yuav lam xav, seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hais nyob rau ntawm no kub. Tab sis cia li yuav tsis ua hauj lwm kawm, tej zaum nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau nws tseem pib, xav tau ib tug catalyst los yog ib tug kev kub. Cov suav tsis puas, lawv taw tes rau lub "kev daws teeb meem" ntawm ib tug muab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tab sis yog hais tias tus tshuaj thermodynamics ntawd hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog "neeg xiam oob khab", ces muaj yog tsis muaj taw tes nyob rau hauv txawm tab tom nrhiav rau ib lub hauv paus raug kev txom nyem - tseem tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim.

Piav los ntawm science nws yog zoo txog rau tag nrho cov thermodynamics, uas yog ib ceg ntawm physics, thiab piav txog ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Mas cov neeg nrhiav cov ua ntau tshwm sim, uas rau lwm tus nyob twj ywm ib tug paub tsis meej mus ib txhis. Hais tias, thermodynamics txawm ua pov thawj rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm Vajtswv ...