Lub ntsiab lus Brusilov txhob thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog

Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, uas pib nyob rau hauv 1914, them qhov hluav taws kub sib ntaus thiab battles ib ncig ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv no tsov rog, kawm los ntawm ntau tshaj peb caug lub teb chaws nrog ib tug pejxeem ntawm dua ib tug billion neeg. Tsov rog tau los ua tus tshaj plaws ambitious ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis tib neeg lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yav tas los tib neeg keeb kwm. Ua ntej pib ntawm tsov rog cov teb chaws Europe tau muab faib ua ob opposing camps: lub Entente nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Russia, Fabkis, lub British faj tim teb chaws thiab lub me teb chaws ntawm teb chaws Europe thiab lub Triple Alliance nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov Austro-Hungarian Empire thiab Ltalis, uas nyob rau hauv 1915 tau tsiv mus rau sab ntawm lub Entente, thiab kuj me European lub teb chaws. Logistical kom zoo dua yog nyob rau sab ntawm lub Entente, tab sis cov theem ntawm lub koom haum thiab riam phom, lub German pab tub rog yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam, ua tsov ua rog pib. Nws yog tus xub thawj, uas yuav tsum tau hu ua positional. Tw nrog haib artillery, me me caj npab thiab ceev ceev-tob tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tsis tsuag tsuag mus tua uas presaged yuav los tom ntej ntawm lub loj loj losses. Tseem sib ntaus sib tua nrog ua kev vam meej tsis muaj ib tug xaiv yaam zoo dua tshwm sim rau lub ob lub ntsiab theaters ua tsov ua rog. Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, Brusilov ua nyob rau hauv particular, tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev hloov mus rau ib ntu Entente teg num. Rau Russia, cov txheej xwm tau es phiv txim. Thaum lub sij hawm Brusilov txhob lawv mobilized tag nrho cov reserves ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. General Brusilov raug tsa commander ntawm lub Southwestern Pem hauv ntej, thiab muaj ua ntej 534.000 cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, hais txog 2 txhiab phom. Tawm tsam muaj nws lub Austro-German pab tub rog muaj 448.000 cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm thiab hais txog 1800 phom.

Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau Brusilov txhob yog qhov kev thov ntawm lub Italian kom nyiam Austrian thiab German units, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj ib tug ua tiav rout ntawm lub Italian tub rog. Lub commanders ntawm lub sab qaum teb thiab Western fronts Lavxias teb sab generals Evert thiab Kuropatkin tsis kam tso ib tug nres, xav tias nws kiag li hai. Tsuas yog General Brusilov pom ib lub sij hawm rau txoj hauj lwm stroke. May 15, 1916 lub Italians raug kev txom nyem ib tug hnyav swb thiab raug yuam kom tig kom ceev li lub offensive.

Lub rau hli ntuj 4 pib tus naas ej Brusilov offensive nyob rau hauv 1916, Lavxias teb sab artillery waged ib tug tas mus tua hluav taws ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm rau cov 45 teev nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, nws yog ces hais tias nws yog ib tug txoj cai tso cia ib tug artillery barrage ua ntej qhov pib. Tom qab ib qho artillery strike mus ua txhaum lub infantry mus, lub Austrians thiab cov Germans tsis muaj lub sij hawm kom tau tawm ntawm lub tsev thiab cov masses raug coj neeg raug txim. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshwm Brusilov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog penetrated tus yeeb ncuab defenses ntawm 200-400 km. Nws twb tag pov tseg 4 Austrian thiab German 7 Army. Austria-Hungary yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm tag nrho cov swb. Txawm li cas los, tsis tos rau kev pab los ntawm lub sab qaum teb thiab Western fronts, uas nws pab neeg poob lub tswv yim zoo kom zoo dua hauv lub caij, lub offensive nres sai sai. Tsis tau lub sij hawm ntawm Brusilov txhob yog mus cawm Ltalis los ntawm yeej, txuag Verdun rau Fabkis thiab lub consolidation ntawm lub British nyob rau Somme.