Lavxias teb sab sociologists - khoo keeb kwm upheavals thiab kev nom kev tswv qhov teeb meem no

Raws li nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj lub teb chaws nyob teb chaws Europe, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology raws li ib tug science nyob rau hauv Russia pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Qhov no kev qhuab qhia yog ib ceg uas kawm cov kev cai ntawm lub hauj lwm ntawm haiv neeg thiab nws cov qauv. Txawm li cas los, nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ib tug ntau ntawm kev txiav txim keeb kwm upheavals thiab kev nom kev tswv qhov teeb meem hauv ib lub sij hawm.

Pre-revolutionary lub sij hawm

Tus thawj Lavxias teb sab sociologists yog mus rau ib tug loj raws li tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov designs ntawm Western zaum. Ua ntej ntawm Auguste Comte, Georga Zimmelya thiab Emilya Dyurkgeyma. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub domestic ib puag ncig, qhov no science tau nrhiav ib tug tshwj xeeb heev ua cim. Nyob rau lub zos av nws cov ntsiab teeb meem yog lub teb chaws lub tswv yim.

Nws yog ces hais tias Lavxias teb sab sociologists tau tsim muaj ntau lub fateful rau lub teb chaws (thiab ib nrab yog nrov txawm niaj hnub no) tswvyim: Slavophilism, Westernism, thiab hais txog. Ces tus emergence ntawm ob camps txhawb cov tswv yim, txhais lub sociological xav nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Slavophiles twb ntxias hais tias lub keeb kwm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv Russia tau tsim no ib tug nws lig kev kab mob, li no tus yuav tsum tau rau ntxiv ywj siab txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov rejection ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov European txoj kev, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd los ntawm kev koom ua ke. Lavxias teb sab sociologists Westernising sentiment ntshai Russia raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug ntau European kev vam meej thiab hu ua rau lub sib cais ntawm lub duas paub qhov tseem ceeb, raws li zoo raws li lub hais kev koom ua ke rau hauv lub European tsev neeg.

Rau qhov kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua thiab thaum pib ntawm lub XX xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab scientific xav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws chav kawm ntawm subjectivism. Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab muaj tiag hais tias kev qhia yuav muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug neeg ho muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau ntawm lawv tus kheej, tsis hais txog ntawm lub hom phiaj cov kev cai ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab keeb kwm kev loj hlob. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab sociologists pre-revolutionary lub sij hawm: N. Danilevsky, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov thiab lwm tus neeg.

Sociological science nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union

Nyob rau hauv thawj post-revolutionary xyoo caum, muaj tseem heev ib tug ntau ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sociological tswv yim. Lub tog twb beset nrog kev sib cais thiab tawm tsam ntawm views ntawm yuav ua li cas rau thaum kawg yuav tsum tsim rau lub xeev. Science ntawm haiv neeg nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm, nws pom thiab txawm txhawb tshaj siv Lavxias teb sab sociologists.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv Petrograd thiab Yaroslavl universities tau txawm tsim department. Nyob rau hauv 1919, lub koom haum ntawm Sociology twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, lub deb, qhov ntau dawb-xovxwm down thiab hloov los ntawm ib tug Marxist mus kom ze rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm haiv neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1930, Sociology tsis yog nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv lub disgrace, ua ib tug pseudo-science rau nws. Ib tug tshiab los mus rau revive timidly noj Lavxias teb sab sociologists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab, thaum nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960 nws tau tu ncua txoj kev loj hlob tseem nyob rau hauv lub system txog sciences - philosophy thiab economics. Ib txhia paub txog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev loj hlob tsuas tau txais nyob rau hauv lub 1970-1980, thiab nrog rau cov restructuring thiab puas txoj kev ywj pheej. Txawm li cas los, cov nyiaj txiag cev qhuav dej ntawm lub xeev coj Sociology, raws li zoo li ntau lwm sciences, lub xyoo yuav tuaj mus rau ib tug standstill.