Lig-hom meem kev txhawj xeeb: Kev loj hlob Mechanism

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv nyhav los yog reactivity rau txawv teb chaws yam khoom uas hu ua xua (los ntawm cov Greek. "Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau txawv teb chaws"). Lub npe "koob tshuaj tiv thaiv" tuaj nrog ib tug Austrian paub txog Clemens Pirke nyob rau hauv 1906. Nws pom tias siv lub sij hawm los mus piav txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntau yam nyob rau hauv tus kab mob los ntawm lwm tus ib puag ncig, thiab tshuaj uas kov cov kev tsis haum tshuaj, hu ua allergens.

American allergist R. A. Kuk nyob rau hauv 1947 tsim thawj kev faib ntawm kev ua xua. Raws li nws tus txhais, yeej muaj kiag ib yam npau taws me ntsis thiab ncua hom meem kev txhawj xeeb. Cov yav tas hom yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tam sim ntawd npau taws me ntsis kev tshua thiab ncua-hom txawv ho los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv

Tam sim ntawd hom meem kev txhawj xeeb - ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib tug antigen uas tshwm sim tom qab 20-25 feeb tom qab lub thib ob lub rooj sib tham nrog cov allergen (antigen). Thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ncua-hom meem kev txhawj xeeb Nws qhia tsis ntxov tshaj li tom qab ib tug ob peb teev los yog 7-8 hnub. Nyob rau hauv 1968, PG Jello thiab R. A. Kumbs sau tau ib scientific daim ntawv, uas twb tsim nyog "Tus tshiab kev faib ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj loj." Raws li qhov no faib 4 theem pib hom ntawm kev ua xua.

kev ua xua

• Hom 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. By ces ntawm no hom yuav tsum ranked angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic poob siab, atopic bronchial hawb pob, urticaria.
• Hom 2 - cytotoxic los yog cytolytic rau nws ces muaj xws li leukemia, hemolytic anemia, v incompatibility.
• 3 yam - tiv thaiv kab mob complex los yog Arthus hom. Kwv yees li ntawm tag nrho thiab yog lub ntsiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub etiology ntshiab kab mob, mob caj dab rheumatoid, mauj lupus erimatoznoy. Tag nrho cov peb hom yog ze ze rau cov hemagglutinin thiab yog tus tam sim ntawd npau taws me ntsis.
• Hom 4 - ncua hom meem kev txhawj xeeb, cell counter mechanism yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm tus ntawm cov T-lymphocyte antigen-Heller.

sensibilization

Lig hom meem kev txhawj xeeb tshua Sensitization yog ib tug kab mob rau microbial antigens, cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi, helminths, rau dag thiab tej yam ntuj tso antigens (tshuaj, tshuaj) cais proteins. Feem ntau cov kom meej meej ncua meem kev txhawj xeeb teb rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm maloimmunogennyh antigens. Ib tug me koob tshuaj ntawm antigens li subcutaneous txhaj ua ib tug ncua hom meem kev txhawj xeeb. txoj kev loj hlob mechanism kev tsis haum tshuaj ntawm no hom meem kev txhawj xeeb yog ib tug T-lymphocytes rau antigens Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Npau taws me ntsis faib ua lymphocytes yeeb tshuaj, e.g., interleukin-2, uas qhib macrophages, antigen tshwm sim txoj kev tuag ntxias sensitization ntawm lymphocytes. T lymphocytes kuj muaj xws li ib tug tiv thaiv mechanism uas cov kab mob raug tua, kab mob los yog protozoa.

Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm sensitization cai nyob ib plurality ntawm kis kab mob xws li kab mob ntsws, syphilis, brucellosis, diphtheria, mycoses, helminthiasis thiab lwm tus, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv graft rejection.

Piv txwv li

Cov feem ntau pom tseeb piv txwv txog tej kev tshua yog lub tuberculin daim tawv nqaij xeem Mantoux. Yog hais tias tus neeg nyob rau hauv uas nws lub cev yog tuberculous Bacillus, sau tuberculin intradermally, ces 24-48 teev ntawm lub qhov koob induration tsim 10-15 hli rwj nyob rau hauv lub center.

Histological xeem qhia tau hais tias infiltrate muaj mas lymphocytes thiab monocyte-macrophage series hlwb.

Aner

Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaum tsis teb. Qhov no yog hu ua anergy, piv txwv li lub tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stimuli.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. Zoo anergy tshwm sim thaum ib tug allergen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub o tsis tshwm sim.

Tsis zoo anergy tshwm sim thaum lub cev tsis tau tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, qhia tias ib tug neeg tsis muaj zog. Yog vim li cas rau tus tsis muaj lub teb, los nws yuav tau ib nyuag hnov yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm T-lymphocytes los yog ua txhaum ntawm lawv zog, nws muaj peev xwm kuj yuav tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug muaj zog ua si ntawm T-suppressors.

Paraallergiya thiab pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Muaj tswv yim ntawm "paraallergiya" thiab "pseudo-kev tsis haum tshuaj". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm kis kab mob, qhia kev tsis haum tshuaj loj.

Paraallergiya - thaum muaj tus kab mob lub cev reacts mus rau zoo xws allergens, piv txwv li, tus kab mob TB teb mus rau lub atypical mycobacteria.

Pseudo-kev tsis haum tshuaj - fab, rau piv txwv, tuberculin los ntawm ua mob leukemia.

kev tsis haum tshuaj theem

Nyob rau hauv kev tsis haum lub sij hawm 3 qhia txog cov kauj ruam ntawm:

1. Immunological theem. иммунной системы. Rau ntawm no theem, tag nrho cov kev hloov kho ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub cev allergen uake rau cov tshuaj thiab hypersensitive lymphocytes.
2. Pathochemical theem. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. Rau ntawm no theem nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm hlwb ntawm kev sib kho (bioactive tshuaj), monokines, lymphokines, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntxiv ntawm cov allergen rau cov tshuaj thiab hypersensitive lymphocytes.
3. Pathophysiological theem. Rau ntawm no theem, tus kab mob no yog manifested lub tsev kho mob. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias cov muab kev sib kho nyob nyhuv dejnum rau lub cev nqaij. Rau ntawm no theem muaj o, khaus, chua ntawm tus nqaij, thiab lwm yam plawv mob.

Cov kauj ruam txiav txim seb tus ncua-hom meem kev txhawj xeeb.

kev kho mob

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj teeb meem. Therapy yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyias los ntawm cov kev kho mob tam sim ntawd yam npau taws me ntsis, xws li ib tug qeeb-hom meem kev txhawj xeeb - .. Yog lub cev o.

directionality

Kev kho mob yuav tsum tau raws kev coj mus rau ib qho immunological point inflammatory kev kho thiab neutralization ntawm lub pathogen. Thiab tsis tau, txoj kev kho yuav tsum tau pib nrog tus kev cai rau cov kev kho mob ntawm kev tsis haum cov kab mob. Nco ntsoov mus soj ntsuam cov hypoallergenic noj cov zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm no hom meem kev txhawj xeeb occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw etiological kev kho mob uas yog aimed ntawm qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no.

Hom ncua-hom meem kev txhawj xeeb. lawv kev kho mob

Qhov no hom ntawm npau taws me ntsis yog subdivided rau hauv kev sib cuag, tuberculin thiab granulomatous, yog li kev kho mob yuav tsum tau tswj hauv ib lub hom.

• Tiv tauj meem kev txhawj xeeb tshwm sim thaum reacting nrog tshuaj (cobalt, npib tsib xee, ntoo resins, mercury, etc.), tshuaj, tshuaj lom nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov thawj kev kho mob ntawm kev ua xua, hu rau meem kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv muab kev kho mob tas kev sis raug zoo ua rau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev kho tswj qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm o, UV-irradiation.
• Tuberculin meem kev txhawj xeeb txog tus mob thiab hu ua tuberculin los yog zoo li antigens, yog li ntawd tsis yuav tsum tau kev kho mob.
• Kis kab ncua meem kev txhawj xeeb tshwm sim thaum sensitization kab mob ua kis kab mob xws li kab mob ntsws, syphilis, brucellosis, anthrax, gonorrhea, cab infestations. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab kev tsis haum tshuaj yog teem rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus kab mob pathogens.
• Cov kev tsis haum meem kev txhawj xeeb rau soluble cov nqaijrog tshwm sim thaum weakening lub cev, nyob rau hauv uas lub cev tsis siv sij hawm proteinaceous tebchaw xws li mis nyuj, ntses, qe, ceev, legumes thiab tej yam cov nqaijrog muaj nyob rau hauv lub cereals. Pib kev kho mob ntawm cov khoom noj excludes tag nrho cov khoom noj uas ua rau ua xua.
• Autoimmune meem kev txhawj xeeb - yog thaum lub cev tus kheej ntaub so ntswg thiab hlwb ua rhiab tus kheej antibodies, uas yog qhov ua rau ntawm kev ua xua. Nws muaj ob hom ntawm autoimmune kev tsis haum tshuaj.

Thawj - qhov no yog thaum lub cev muaj nuj nqi yog tsis puas, tiam sis muaj autoallergens uas ua rau impaired kev tiv thaiv. Ob - thaum lub cev muab tsis ua hauj lwm, tsis paub qhov twg lawv cov nqaijrog, thiab qhov chaw uas neeg, li ntawd, nws ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog ib qho allergen. Kev kho mob yog symptomatic thiab pathogenetic nqa tawm, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev siv ntawm immunosuppressants. Qhov no yog tsuas corticosteroids.

Npau taws me ntsis hloov - ib tug kev puas tsuaj rau ib tug txawv teb chaws lub cev kos nyob rau hauv lub cev. Tiv thaiv kom txhob xws tsis haum yuav ua tau ib tug zoo xaiv tus neeg uas pub cov, raws li tau zoo raws li muab sib txawv immunosuppressive tshuaj inhibit qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yog li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub ncua hom meem kev txhawj xeeb muaj ceeb tseem ceeb. Hauv plawv ntawm ib tug npau taws me ntsis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism yog o, uas yuav pab kom cov nyem ntawm kab mob nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam qhov chaw thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug noj qab nyob zoo tsis muaj zog.