Lavxias teb sab, Soviet chemist Nina Andreeva: biography, discoveries, achievements thiab nthuav tseeb

Peb paub ib tug ntau ntawm cov professors thiab soj ntsuam ntawm, uas tom qab ua cov nom tswv cov thawj coj? Niaj hnub no cov tib neeg muaj ntau dua li politicians kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, los yog senior ua hauj lwm ntawm loj Enterprises. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm perestroika, tej yam uas twb sib txawv dog dig. Cov neeg uas tsim lub party, muaj ib lub hom phiaj - mus coj lawv cov tswv yim mus rau lub masses, xav ib tug zoo dua lub neej rau cov neeg. Lawv tsis caum lub hom phiaj mus lob ib qhov chaw "nyob rau hauv lub trough." Ib tug ntawm cov yooj yim cov pej xeem ntawm cov neeg uas xav ua ib tug zoo dua lub ntiaj teb no, los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm lub USSR - Nina.

nyuag nqe lus

Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna - Lavxias teb sab chemist thiab politician Soviet thiab niaj hnub Russia. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov pej xeem twb tsis yeej ib txwm ntaus nqi nws qhov zoo, tus poj niam muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam hauv chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm. Nws tej chaw 78-xyoo-laus poj niam tau tau tom qab ntawv kev sau ntawv (tsab xov xwm Andreeva) "Kuv yuav tsis hla Vajtswv tej hauv paus ntsiab." Ib txhia critics ntseeg tias qhov no ntawv nyeem yuav yog ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas vim li cas lub Soviet Union collapsed. Tab sis yog nws tiag tiag? Wb soj ntsuam.

Biography: Nina Andreeva

Lub kaum hli ntuj 12, 1938 nyob rau hauv Leningrad (USSR) yug ib tug ntxhais, Nina. Nws txiv yog ib tug yooj yim qhov chaw nres nkoj neeg ua hauj lwm. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog.

Nina Andreeva tau txais nws txoj kev kawm ntawv los ntawm nws niam, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kho tsheb nyob rau Kirov nroj tsuag. Tsov rog coj ib tug yav tom ntej chemist tsis tau tsuas yog nws tus txiv, tab sis kuj cov tij laug thiab muam.

Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, Nina Andreeva hlub science. Nws rau siab ntso kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, li ntawd, twb muab tsub ib tug kub puav pheej rau nws kawm tiav. Muaj tau txais kev kawm ntawv, ib tug ntxhais hluas nkag mus hauv lub Leningrad lub koom haum of Technology, xaiv ib tug tshwj xeeb, thiab cov profession ntawm chemist. Tab sis nws tsis yog xav nyob rau hauv science nws tus kheej, thiab siab ntawv, uas yog muab rau tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia. Cov ntxhais nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb muaj zoo nyiaj txiag teeb meem. Specialization ntawm ib tug ntxhais hluas tom qab kawm tiav pib ua hauj lwm nrog spetskeramikoy.

Nina Andreeva kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab nrog honors. Tom qab ntawd, kuj ntse kom tiav post-graduate cov kev tshawb fawb thiab tau txais ib tug degree nyob rau hauv kev sciences.

xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Tom qab kawm tiav, Nina Andreeva ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm quartz iav nyob rau hauv tus ncej neeg soj ntsuam. Tom qab no, uas nws tau qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub cev Science News for KIDS ntawm lub Leningrad lub koom haum ntawm Technology.

Nyob rau hauv 1966, nws tuaj koom lub Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union, xav tias nws tus kheej ib tug neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov teg num Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna tswj, rau cov uas science yeej ib txwm ranked thawj, nws twb lawb tawm mus los ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm. Nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1981, Nina Alexandrovna thiab rov qab los nyob rau hauv tus ncej, thiab nyob rau hauv kev ua tswv cuab tom qab dhau soj ntsuam neeg pej xeem PDAs (CC CPSU).

Chikin Valentin, Hmoob editor ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Soviet Russia", hais tias thaum nws tau sau cov lus qhia txog Andreeva ua ntej publishing nws nto moo tsab xov xwm, tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj coj mus muab neeg sau xov xwm nrog rau feem ntau cov yeeb yuj hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov sij hawm ua hauj lwm cov poj niam. Thiab Nina Andreeva qhia los ntawm 1972 mus 1991.

W Andreeva thiab kev hloov ntawm txoj hauj lwm

Thaum pib ntawm 1988 nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Soviet Russia" luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm, uas yog sau los ntawm Nina Andreeva "Kuv yuav tsis hla Vajtswv tej hauv paus ntsiab." Peb lub lis piam tom qab, nws twb sau disavowed lub "qhov tseeb" nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm restructuring: lub revolutionary kev xav thiab kev txiav txim."

Tom qab no, kev tsim txom Andreeva. Nws tag nrho twb yog li ntawd nws tus txiv, Nina Alexandrovna raug kev txom nyem ob peb lub plawv tuaj, tab sis tus heev xib fwb "escorted" mus rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog tom ntej no?

Nws yeej yog ib tug yooj yim raws taw tes rau hauv lub Andreeva lub neej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1989, nws taws lub All-Union Society (tog) "kev sib sau", defends Leninism thiab Lavxias teb sab nom tswv ideals. Nyob rau hauv 1991, Andreev los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv "Bolshevik Platform ntawm lub CPSU"

Thiab nrog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo, Nina ua lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum "Tag nrho cov-Union Communist tog." Tab sis raws li peb heroine, nws twb yeej tsis xav hnov rau lub hwj chim. Nws tag nrho cov tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej.

Raws li los ntawm ib tug qhuab qhia ua ntej rau cov menyuam kawm ntawm lub koom haum uas "socialism yog invincible." Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug poj niam politician, ib tug thawj coj zoo, nyob rau hauv ib tug coj tsib-storey tsev, tsis looj koov rau cov teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub neej txhua hnub.

notable tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog nws fruitful nom tswv kev ua si Nina Andreeva sij hawm sau ntawv phau ntawv thiab luam tawm cov khoom:

1. Ib phau ntawm 368 nplooj ntawv: "Nepodarennye hauv paus ntsiab lus, los yog ib tug nyuag Keeb kwm ntawm perestroika", 1993.
2. "Hais lus phem socialism yog tsis tsim nyog", 1992.
3. Sau los ntawm lectures "Rau Bolshevism nyob rau hauv lub communist zog", 2002.
4. Nto moo tsab xov xwm ntawm 2 nplooj ntawv - "Kuv muab tsis tau li hauv paus ntsiab lus", 1988.

Yuav ua li cas lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tsab xov xwm?

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Lub peb hlis ntuj 13, Andreeva tsab xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1988, "Kuv yuav tsis hla Vajtswv tej hauv paus ntsiab." Phau ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv no yog ib tug quaj los lub plawv ntawm lub Soviet xib fwb. Cov tsab xov xwm rau txim cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm, nyob rau hauv uas tom qab pib ntawm kev siv ntawm cov restructuring txoj kev npaj pib thuam socialism thiab Stalin txoj cai.

Andreev hais tias, ntawm chav kawm, zoo li tag nrho cov Soviet neeg, nws muaj ib tug tsis zoo tus cwj pwm rau txoj cai ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub USSR lub sij hawm, thaum muaj massacres, nqa tawm reprisals tiv thaiv cov neeg (30-40s). Tab sis raws li Nina cov ntsiab lus tawm hais tias nws yog tsis tsim nyog los faib lawv txoj kev chim ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov qub thawj coj raws li ib tug tag nrho, raws li yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm.

Andreeva nyob rau hauv tag nrho qhuas ntawm Stalin nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv. Raws li cov kev tiv thaiv cov lus sib cav poj niam ua ib tug fake tsab ntawv mus rau Churchill. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau tib neeg sab nrauv thiab hauv chav kawm ntawv qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm Stalin txoj cai. Raws li Andreev, dab tsi twb hais tias nyob rau hauv xovxwm thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem distorts keeb kwm xyoo tseeb.

Tus sau hais tias cov neeg uas thuam socialism, yog adherents ntawm sab hnub poob thiab cosmopolitanism. Ntawm UFW ntawm "cov neeg pluag socialism" kuj raug tsis hlub leejtwg li thuam los ntawm lub Andreeva. Nyob rau hauv cov phau mus rau tsab xov xwm uas siv ib tug quote Gorbachev, nyob rau hauv uas txoj cai hais tias nyob rau hauv tsis muaj pretext yuav tsis nyuaj Marxist-Leninist hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Ua li ntawd?

Qhov kawg ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj 1988 ib tsab ntawv Niny Andreevoy sib tham nyob rau hauv lub Politburo nyob rau ceev kev thov ntawm Mikhail Gorbachev. Thaum lub rooj sib tham , Dmitry Yazov txhawb xib fwb, muab cov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub merits ntawm Stalin thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. yeej yuav tsis tau tiav liam tsis muaj ib tug thawj coj.

Rau ntau soj ntsuam ntawm thiab historians ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov tsab xov xwm no thiab tom ntej kev sib tham yuav ua ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm restructuring. Tab sis raws li tus sau (Andreeva), nws tsab ntawv yog ib lo lus teb rau cov phau ntawv ntawm Prohanova Aleksandra.

tus txiv Andreeva

Tom qab kawm tiav, Nina Andreeva sib yuav ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub tib lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm. Biography thiab outlook nyob rau lub neej ntawm cov txij nkawm twb zoo heev.

Born VI Klyushin Lub ib hlis ntuj 23, 1926. Tom qab high school nws nkag mus hauv lub Leningrad flying lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub siege ntawm lub nroog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug munitions Hoobkas tshuab dhos. Nyob rau hauv 1943 Klyushin mus rau pem hauv ntej, qhov twg nws yog ib tug Komsomol thawj coj submachine lub tuam txhab. Nws twb tiag raug mob nyob rau hauv 1944 nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Leningrad. Tom qab tsev kho mob txiv neej tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv tus thawj Tomsk Artillery School, ces nws tau los ua commander ntawm ib tug platoon nyob rau hauv lub shooting. Kuv muaj ib tug ntau ntawm khoom plig thiab medals rau lub teb chaws tus tiv thaiv.

Tom qab ua tub rog kev pab cuam Klushin nkag mus hauv lub Leningrad State University. Zhdanov, cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philosophy. Tom qab tau txais cov ntawv kawm tiav, tom qab high school nws mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm tshuaj lom neeg Technology. Nyob rau hauv 1971 nws defended nws doctorate thiab los ua ib tug xib fwb.

Klyushin Andreeva thiab nyob ua ke rau ib lub neej ntev. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1996, ib tug txiv neej tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm nws noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam los ntawm lub txhawj xeeb ntawm lub caij 80-ies, thaum lub sab ntawm nws tus poj niam thiab tag nrho cov neeg hauv tsev neeg rushed los ntawm txhua qhov chaw uncomplimentary lus hais. Cuaj kaum tus txij nkawm Andreeva yeej ib txwm zoo siab rau nws tus poj niam, yog nws cov nyiaj them yug thiab kev pab los ntawm tus so ntawm nws lub hnub.

Lavxias teb sab (Soviet) chemist Nina Andreeva pab mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm perestroika thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm ntau tus neeg. Nws sau ntawv rau cov me nyuam kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov keeb kwm no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug zoo-paub chemist thiab xib fwb pab rau nws scientific ua hauj lwm. Tab sis rau cov feem ntau ntawm niaj hnub no cov tub ntxhais hluas nws yuav nyob twj ywm ib tug "granny-Ninulkoy", ib zaug hu ua nws cov me nyuam, ib tug poj niam uas muaj peev xwm los kom tiv thaiv lub cev, tiv thaiv lawv kev nom kev tswv views thiab civil txoj hauj lwm.