Peter Lavrov: biography, kev ua ub no thiab nthuav cov lus tseeb

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov (1828-1900) yog hu ua ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab ideologists Lavxias teb sab Narodnichestvo. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm nws muaj ib tug txiav txim cawv rau cov tsim ntawm tus revolutionary zog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Paj thiab nws cov sociological thiab philosophical kev tshawb fawb kom to taub lub cwj pwm ntawm cov intelligentsia mus rau lub socio-thoj teeb meem nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo, raws li zoo raws li qhov twv ua ntej ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Bolshevism.

tsev neeg

Peter Lavrov tuaj los ntawm ib tug zoo-paub noble tsev neeg. Nws txiv, S. Laurel, tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab koom nyob rau hauv lub ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812. Nws yog cov phooj ywg nrog lub taub hau ntawm lub Imperial Chancellery thiab cov tub rog koom Alekseem Arakcheevym, uas nyiam tag nrho cov kev cog qoob loo ntawm Alexander lub Great. Tom qab tsov rog, L. S. Lavrov so nrog cov nyob qib ntawm colonel ntawm artillery thiab sib yuav Elizabeth Karlovna Gandvig. Nws tuaj los ntawm ib tug Russified Swedish noble tsev neeg, thiab tau txig tsim rau nws lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv 1823, lub xyoo uas lawv muaj ib tug tub, Peter. Thaum lub sij hawm nws yug los rau hauv lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes Melekhovo nyob rau hauv Pskov xeev.

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov: ib tug luv luv biography (cov tub ntxhais hluas)

Zoo li lwm tus neeg ntawm nws cov phooj ywg los ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg, yav tom ntej philosopher los ntawm thaum yau kawm lwm hom lus. Nyob rau hauv kev, vim leej niam thiab ib tug tej pab qhia nws yog heev thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv lub mastered Fabkis thiab German.

Nyob rau hauv 1837, Peter Lavrov xa mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov twg nws ntse dhau qhov kev xeem thiab cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Artillery. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm no prestigious tub rog high school tus tub hluas muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug rau siab kawm thiab xam tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Academician M. Ostrogradskii. Nws ua tau zoo thiaj li mob loj heev hais tias tom qab tau txais nws daim ntawv kawm tiav repetitorstvovat tshuav nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov kev tshawb fawb, Peter Lavrov ntawm nws tus kheej kawm cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv kev science thiab economics, sau ntawv paj huam thiab ua kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev ua lej. Great tswv yim rau nws ua tej hauj lwm ntawm lub utopian Socialists.

ntxiv cov hauj lwm

Cov tub hluas ntxhais qhia ntawm lej Sciences sai tau txais paub los ntawm lug txhawb cov miv thiab raug tsa tub rog tus xibfwb qhia nyob rau hauv lub Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy ntawm St. Petersburg, nce mus rau lub nyob qib colonel. Nyob rau hauv 1860 nws twb pauv mus rau Konstantinovsky tub rog tsev kawm ntawv, qhov uas nws tau mentored observer ob peb xyoo.

Tej lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1847, Peter Lavrov sib yuav lub zoo nkauj poj ntsuam-AH Loveyko. Sib yuav nrog tus niam ntawm ob tug me nyuam, thiab txawm ib tug German los ntawm keeb kwm (nee Kapger) thwart Laura Stepanovich, uas npau suav ntawm ib tug ci ntsa iab match rau nws tus tub. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Peter twb deprived ntawm nyiaj txiag ntawm ib tug niam txiv. Thaum lub sij hawm, ob peb nyob plaub ntau cov tub thiab cov ntxhais ntawm lub dav, ua cov ntaub ntawv uas txoj hauj lwm ntawm tsev neeg yog txawm ntau muaj xwm txheej. Yuav kom xyov "tau tawm," Lavrov twb yuam kom khwv tau nyiaj pab qhia "nyob rau sab" thiab sau tshwj xeeb cov khoom rau "Artillery Journal". Tej yam uas tau hloov rau lub zoo dua tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv thiab tus tij laug, thaum Petus Lavrovich tau txais ib tug zoo qub txeeg qub teg.

Literary thiab scientific kev ua ub no

Txawm tias kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub neej, lub indefatigable Peter Lavrov muaj sij hawm mus tshawb cov nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm European philosophers ntawm nws lub sij hawm, luam tawm kwv huam nyob rau hauv A. I. Gertsena, koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub "encyclopedic phau ntawv txhais lus" luam tawm cov khoom nyob rau philosophy thiab Sociology, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau cov teeb meem ntawm pej xeem morality , ntaub ntawv, kos duab thiab kev kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws thawj phau ntawv twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1860. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, muaj cai raws li "Sau ntawv txog tej teeb meem ntawm cov tswv yim philosophy," Lavrov sib cav hais tias tus cuj pwm neeg yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv tej teeb meem nrog cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv uas tsis ncaj ncees tswj kav. Nyob rau hauv nws saib, zoo tagnrho lub neej yuav tsuas yuav ib tug system uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug yeem union ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab dawb neeg.

Cov raug ntes thiab exile

Nyob rau hauv 1860 Peter Lavrovich Lavrov, biography uas yog qhia saum toj no, ib tug active koom tes tub ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab revolutionary tsab ntawv tsa suab. Nws los ua tus phooj ywg nrog N. G. Chernyshevskim thiab los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub thawj koom haum ntawm "av thiab txoj kev ywj pheej".

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 4, 1866 ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub caij ntuj sov vaj D. Karakozov ua ib qho los rau Alexander II. Nws yog tsis muaj hmoo, txawm li cas los, tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm xws li Peter Lavrov. Nws twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau nqi ntawm "kis teeb meem tswv yim" thiab nyob rau hauv tiv tauj nrog Chernyshevsky, Mikhailov thiab nrog xibfwb Pavlov. Tom qab ib tug luv luv lub tsev loj cuj thiab lub tsev hais plaub xa mus rau nws ib qhov txuas mus Vologda xeev. Qhov twg nws nyob ntawm 1867 mus txog xyoo 1870, thiab tau ntsib nrog tus exiled tog ntawm lub Polish uprising A. Chaplitsky, los ua nws ntau-txoj cai tus poj niam.

"Keeb kwm ntawv"

Nyob rau hauv exile, Peter Lavrovich Lavrov sau tau nws zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu socio-thoj tej hauj lwm, txojkev hnyav Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia.

Nws "Keeb kwm ntawv" hu ua rau cov neeg hluas rau sawv thiab to taub qhov teeb meem ntawm lub keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawd, raws li tau zoo raws li tib yam cov neeg xav tau, pab kom nws paub nws lub zog. Cov tsos ntawm cov khoom no yog ntau tshaj li raws sij hawm, raws li cov revolutionary intelligentsia yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshiab tuition ntawm nws zog daim ntawv thov. "Keeb kwm ntawv» Lavrov twb "npuaj xob quaj," thiab ib tug ntawm cov ideological motivators rau lub koom haum ntawm cov tswv yim ua hauj lwm ntawm lub revolutionary intelligentsia.

Biography (Peter Lavrov) tom qab 1870

Tom qab rov qab los ntawm exile revolutionary tswj kom illegally tawm hauv lub teb chaws thiab mus rau Paris. Muaj, nws tau txais nyob rau hauv kov nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Western European ua hauj lwm rau lub zog thiab koom qhov kuv International. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Paris Commune mus rau London nrog tus aim los npaj txoj kev cawm ntawm lub besieged comrades.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm cov British faj tim teb chaws Lavrov tau ntsib nrog Marx thiab Engels.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1873-1877 revolutionary ua editor ntawm phau ntawv journal "Forward" thiab lub npe tib yam los ntawm ib tug 2-lub lim tiam ntawv xov xwm - tshuab raj kev taw qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab populism, hu ua "lavrizmom". Tom qab lub assassination ntawm Alexander II, Peter Lavrovich los ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg. Nws txawm pom zoo los kho kom raug "Bulletin ntawm tus neeg yuav," nrog L. Tikhomirov.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm loj hlob nws thoob ntiaj teb nplua nuj. Suffice nws hais tias nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1889 cov mej zeej ntawm lub Armenian tog Gnchak - tus thawj Socialist tog, uas muaj chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Persia thiab lub Ottoman Empire, Peter Lavrov tso cai los sawv cev rau nws rau ntawm lub congress ntawm lub Ob txhais International.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Kom txog thaum nws hnub nyoog kawg, Peter Lavrov txuas ntxiv mus rau liaise nrog lub revolutionary zog. Txawm li cas los, thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej yog xav nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophy. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb nws twb sau ob peb theoretical tej hauj lwm, nrog rau cov monograph "Lub nkag siab txog cov kev pab raws qib ntawm keeb kwm."

Peter Lavrov, lub ntsiab tswv yim uas yog cov hauv paus ntawm cov neeg zog, tuag nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1900, hnub nyoog 72 xyoo thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas ntawm Montparnasse.

Tom qab nws tshuav ib tug loj heev kev sau ntawv cuab yeej cuab tam, nrog rau 825 tej hauj lwm thiab 711 ntawv. Nws kuj yog tus sau ntawm dozens ntawm nom tswv kwv huam, cov uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov "ua hauj lwm Marseillaise", pib nrog cov lus "renounce cov laus lub ntiaj teb no ...", uas lub suab seev tau sau tom qab. Nyob rau hauv thawj ob lub xyoo lawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov no song yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ua thaum lub sij hawm ntaus, ntaus, raws li zoo raws li congresses ntawm lub revolutionaries, thiab nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim thiab cov neeg deputies.

philosophical views

Cov hauj lwm science txais mus Lavrov mus eclecticism. Thiab qhov no yog kev txaus cai, txij thaum nyob rau hauv nws cov positivist-agnostitsisticheskoy philosophy, nws sim mus ua ke lub system ntawm Hegel, F. Lange, Feuerbach, Comte, Proudhon, Spencer, Chernyshevsky, Bakunin thiab Marx.

Raws li nws, cov dab neeg ua ncaj ncees thiab tsim ib haiv neeg tsawg nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, li ntawd, cov thawj hauj lwm ntawm revolutionaries yog los tsim ib tug ncaj ncees zoo tagnrho.

Nyob rau hauv lub 1870s muaj nyob rau Lavrov lub ardent followers, qhov thiaj li hu ua pab pawg neeg bashentsev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau los ua tus muaj leej twg paub tus thawj coj ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm cov revolutionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Txawm li cas los, qhov teeb meem no tsis kav ntev, thiab tsis ntev ntau proponents ntawm nws ideology muab rau ntau radical Bakuninism. Txawm li cas los, lavrizm ua si tsis muaj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj rau yav tom ntej mej zeej ntawm lub thawj kev ywj pheej lub voj voog.

Tam sim no uas koj paub tias leej twg lub P. Lavrov. Raws li ib tug ntawm ob peb cov tswv cuab ntawm nom tswv cajceg uas siab nrhiav los txhim kho qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg ua hauj thiab peasants, Petr Lavrovich twb tsis nco qab lawm hwj chim ntawm tus thawj neeg ua hauj lwm 'thiab peasants tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv kev, Furshtatskaya txoj kev tau renamed Leningrad nyob rau hauv nws yawm. Vim li no cov hnub no, muaj ntau yam nto moo Petrograd Palace Petra Lavrova, qhov twg kab tshoob ceremonies yog muaj nyob rau. Thiab nws yog heev cim, raws li ib tug naas ej philosopher ib zaug pub nyiaj txiag zoo-ua rau lub hom phiaj ntawm nws lub neej rau tus poj niam nws hlub, thiab ces nyob nrog nws rau peb caug zoo siab xyoo.