German dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262": lub keeb kwm ntawm creation, tsim nta, cov duab

High-speed turbojet fighter-interceptor Messerschmitt KUV-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt KUV-262 Nqos") nyob rau hauv lub battlefield xwb nyob rau hauv 1944. Peb yuav tsis hais meej, lub tsheb no yog npaj rau dab tsi xwb. Sim kawm nrog lub dav hlau txuas ntxiv txawm nyob rau lub battlefield. Nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug dav hlau tua rog (xws li hmo ntuj), bomber thiab reconnaissance aircraft. Lub tshuab yog ib thiab ob, kev sib ntaus los thiab kev kawm. Nws tsim lub newest system ntawm qhov muag tsis pom tsaws, sim radar khoom kuaj sights, phom ntawm ntau yam calibers, thiab ntau yam kev sim cov khoom. German kev lag luam tawm hais txog 25 versions ntawm lub aircraft.

"Messerschmitt-262" yog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj loj-ua dav hlau engine, coj ib tug ncaj qha ib feem nyob rau hauv hostilities. Lub Germans hu ua nws "Swallows» (Schwalbe), cov Americans thiab lub British - "Petrel» (Petrel). Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm tsov rog machines ntawm lub German kev lag luam nyob rau hauv 1433 tau tso tawm. Yog li, lub "Messerschmitt KUV-262" yuav suav hais tias lub feem ntau ntau dav hlau aircraft ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub dav hlau

Tej zaum tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov qauv aircraft tau undergone ntau yam thiaj li teeb meem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim, raws li "Messerschmitt-262". Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm no tshuab, nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab nqa mus rau loj zus tau tej cov nyuab tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm bureaucratic qeeb thiab tsis muaj cov nyiaj txiag, tab sis kuj yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev siv technology tshiab txoj kev sib tw.

Nws thawj davhlau, raws li qhia los ntawm A. Speer - Minister ntawm tus German caj npab, lub dav hlau ua ib lub hlis ua ntej lub sib cem ntawm German pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv thawj qauv, lub KUV-262 muaj piston xyaw tau siv. Txawm li cas los, lawv twb tsis haib txaus. Cov nram qab no xyoo nws twb txiav txim siab los siv lub dav hlau xyaw Jumo-004, uas tau tsim thiab pib ua khov "Junkers".

Lub keeb kwm paub ntau yam tseeb thaum los nrhav nullified tag nrho cov nqi ntawm yav dhau los tiam ntawm riam phom. "Messerschmitt-262" yuav suav hais tias ib tug ntawm cov. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub tshiab tshuab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab dav hlau cuab, tab sis cov me nyuam tseem yau cov kab mob ntawm lub German economy tau ua ib insurmountable chaw khuam siab rau nws loj lawm.

Ntawm cov ntsiab teeb meem uas tau dogged txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub aircraft thoob plaws nws cov keeb kwm xws li nram qab no: Ua ntej, lub unreliability ntawm lub Jumo dav hlau xyaw, uas yog nruab nrog "Messerschmitt-262". Lawv ua hauj lwm heev unreliable nyob rau hauv lub rarefied cua thiab yuav tsum tau ntev thiab ceev faj elaboration. Ob, cov log tsheb mounted rau hauv lub log undercarriage kuj tsis txawv zoo. Lawv feem ntau tawg thaum lub sij hawm tsaws, tab sis lub tsaws ceev ntawm lub aircraft tsuas yog 190 km / h. Ua ke nrog cov complex tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab indecision ntau dua hais kom ua thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm tshiab aircraft, Tej xwm txheej no coj mus rau lub fact tias cov "Messerschmitt KUV-262" (yees duab saum toj no) nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm 1944, nrog rau cov semi-txhua xyoo ncua . Nws yuav tsis tau cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ua tsov rog, uas yog vam mus Adolf Hitler, yuav pab lub teb chaws Yelemees rov supremacy nyob rau hauv lub airspace ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Tab sis nws yuav muaj tshwm sim.

Thaum tag nrho cov tsis xws luag tau daws, lub German designers, nws los ua tseeb tias tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshiab tshuab yog tshuav deb tom qab tsis muaj Allied aircraft. Tsim ntawm aircraft "Messerschmitt-262" yuav yooj yim muab suav hais tias ib tug masterpiece ntawm lub domestic aviation kev lag luam.

piav qhia

Qhov tseeb qauv aircraft "Messerschmitt-262", qhov kev siv ntawm cov uas tsis tau zoo li lub dav hlau tshuab niaj hnub lub sij hawm, nws twb powered los ntawm ob turbofan xyaw thiab tis ncaj cheb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws zog ceev yog hais txog 850 km / h. Ib tug qhov siab ntawm 9000 meters nws tau tshaj 7 feeb. Maximum altitude yog 11, 000 meters. Ntawm riam phom yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg plaub 30mm MK 108 cannon, txhua txhua lub foob pob uas yuav yooj yim coj ib tug hnyav bomber. Lawv teem nyob rau hauv officers nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov tis, ib tug saum toj no rau lwm yam. Muaj kuj yog tau txhim kho mus txog 12 unguided rockets.

Allied cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm "Messerschmitt-262"

Densely nyob ib European Ntuj phoojywg tsis thoob los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov KUV-262. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug surprise zoo li ib tug American bomber, accustomed mus ua unpunished nruab hnub raids nyob rau hauv German lub zos thiab cov tub rog cov vaj tse. Nws ciali ib tug me ntsis ntau thiab tag nrho cov kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yuav ploj.

Tab sis kom pab tau tus Anglo-Americans, Adolf Hitler tuaj poob nthav. Qhov tseeb hais tias muas thaum chiv thawj lub Germans ntse siv dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262" raws li ib tug dav hlau tua rog-interceptor. Fuhrer yog xav demanded siv cov aircraft raws li ib tug high-ceev bomber, muaj peev xwm uas tsis hmoog rau tus txheem fighters, txhob cuam tshuam txog cov tsos ntawm cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv cov European scene ntawm hostilities.

German pilots ntawm tus tshiab tiam tsheb

Nyob rau hauv 1943, mus ntsuam xyuas lub tsheb tshiab nws tshwm sim rau tus kheej commander ntawm fighter aircraft ntawm lub Luftwaffe General Adolf Galland. Lub impressions nws hais tias ib tug luv luv kab lus: "Qhov no tsheb twb ya raws li yog hais tias nws yog cov tubtxib saum ntuj." Raws li lwm tsav, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (duab uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) tsis yog tshwj xeeb tsis yooj yim rau kev tswj. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - mus ua txhua yam raws li cov lus qhia, ces lub tshuab yuav coj ntsiag to thiab yuav tsis muaj capricious. Vim lub unusually siab npaum li cas mas tau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mus caum pom yeeb ncuab aircraft nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tsav los ua huab tais txoj hauj lwm.

Cov riam phom ntawm lub dav hlau yog li ntawd haib tias ib tug pov yog txaus rau nws yog tag nrho tshaj. Cuaj kaum, txawm tej pilots twb tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim mus rau tiv nrog lub Shrew tshuab. Nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tsim nyog re-kev cob qhia, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau lub sij hawm.

Fighter ntawm lub "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Ib tug ntawm cov categorical tw ntawm Hitler thiab Goering kev daws teeb meem siv fighter "Messerschmitt-262" raws li ib tug bomber yog tus commander ntawm lub Luftwaffe fighter aircraft, ib tug qub tub rog ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv, Adolf Galland. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1945, thaum lub sij hawm lub rooj sib tham, uas yog kawm los ntawm tag nrho cov kev tswj pab neeg ntawm cov chaw ua dav hlua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws laj mej pej xeem qhia doubts txog cov tsis txawj txaus ntawm Goering li commander ntawm lub teb chaws huab cua fleet. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub obstinate general tshem tawm los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis muab li.

Los ua pov thawj lawv lub rooj, Galland muaj tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb kev twb kev txuas nyob rau hauv nws hais kom ua, equipping nws aircraft "Messerschmitt KUV-262." Cov neeg tsim, ntawm lwm tus neeg rau npe koom Gerhard Barhorna (nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws muaj 301 aerial yeej), Heinz Baer (220 yeej), Walter Krupinski (197 yeej), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 yeej), Gunther Lutzow (108 Ratio) thiab al. Tus compound twb hu ua "ib feem Fighter" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

Luv biography "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1945, lub tsev hauv paus ntawm lub tshiab kev twb kev txuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Munich-Riem, nyob qhov twg thiab pib steals armadas ntawm Allied bombers ua nruab hnub nrig raids nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tshaj ib lub hlis ntawm no newfound cov neeg tseem ceeb cua units twb muaj 45 aircraft xuas phom tua cia allied aircraft. Tab sis nws ntawd kub ntev li ntev. Tej zaum 3, 1945, nws twb tua yeej yog tus phoojywg nyob rau hauv Salzburg.

Adolf Galland nws tus kheej kuj tsis tau tsis lees yuav qhov helm ntawm lub aircraft. Nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv ntau ua hauj lwm rau kev cuam tshuam Allied bombers raids. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 25, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm lawv nws twb ntaus los ntawm ib tug American fighter cover "Ripablik P-47." Tus tsav twb raug mob nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lub hauv caug thiab yog tsis tau kom muab nws fighter nyob rau hauv lub teb laws ntawv tau cov nrog Craters.

Yeej German pilots

Cov thawj yeej qab lub log ntawm ib lub dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262" twb yeej los ntawm Adolf Schreiber. Tej no tau tshwm sim kev tshwm sim rau hli ntuj 26, 1944. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov pilots "Messerschmitt-262" pab koob meej Franz Schall - on KUV-262, nws tua nkag 14 yeej (tag nrho cov 137), Herman Buchner - 12 (58), George Peter Eder - 12 (78), Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , Carl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (tag nrho cov 248 Ratio), thiab lwm tus neeg.

German pilots suav hais tias "Messerschmitt-262" yog li ntawd invulnerable uas ua siab loj koom nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov vastly superior tooj ntawm lawv tus nrog sib ntaus. Piv txwv li, lub peb hlis ntuj 19, 1945 28 German pilots, ua nyob rau hauv lub helm ntawm "Mesershmittov-262", twb tsis ntshai mus tua nrog ib tug lossis loj huab ntawm American aircraft, muaj raws ntawm cov 1,300 bombers thiab 750 fighter cover. Txawm lawv me, lawv muaj peev xwm tau overclock tag nrho armada, tiv thaiv cov quav hniav rau ntawm ib lub qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Raws li phoojywg tiv thaiv lub KUV-262

Nyob rau hauv ib tug tib neeg hais nrog cov "Messerschmitt-262" ntawm tej phooj ywg aircraft nws twb ibtxhi mus swb. Poob nws ceev, maneuver thiab lub hwj chim riam phom, yeej yuav tsis txawm npau suav ntawm. Tsis tau Achilles luj tau pom. Tsis muaj ib yam. Lub fact tias ib tug dav hlau fighter "Messerschmitt-262" tshwm rau tau heev lam tau lam ua thaum lub sij hawm takeoff thiab tsaws. Thaum tej lub sij hawm, thiab nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ib tug thawj koom ruam nyob rau hauv lus tsis sib xws rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw tag nrho cov rog tau ces muab pov tseg rau qhov kev tshawb kawm ntawm aerodromes, uas tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub German "swallows". Tom qab hais tias, lawv tso mam li pawv twb raug mus rau merciless bombardment. Qhov no yog tov nrog rau cov av yuav luag txhua txhua hnub. Nws ntawd kub ntev li raws li ntev raws li lub "Messerschmitt-262", raws li nyob rau tshav dav hlau, tsis thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw.

Peb kuj paub ib tug ob peb cov lus tseeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj "Messers" rau takeoff. Yog li ntawd, Lub kaum hli ntuj 7, 1944, Lieutenant Huv nrhu, ya los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub yeeb ncuab, pom mus pib nrog lub tshav dav hlau ib ob peb ntawm cov dav hlau. Siv qhov kom zoo dua ntawm qhov siab thiab ceev, tus tsav bravely rov tus yeeb ncuab thiab xuas phom tua cia ob tug, tsis tas cov ceev Dial.

Ob peb KUV-262 twb puas lawm nyob rau hauv aerial ntaus los. Yog li ntawd, Kaum ib hlis 8, 1944 yog ib lub ARRANGEMENT ntawm tus Luftwaffe Walter Nowotny, uas xuas phom tua cia ua ntej 258 yeeb ncuab aircraft thaum lub sij hawm nres kev twb kev txuas American bomber twb xuas phom tua cia los ntawm ib tug ntawm nws fighters yuav tsum vov lub "Mustang P-51."

Nta "Messerschmitt-262"

Qhov ntev ntawm lub dav hlau yog 10.6 m, ib tug qhov siab - 3.8 m, wingspan - 12.5 m, tis cheeb tsam -. 21,8 m Nyhav ntawm khoob tsheb yog 3800 kg, ib tug qub takeoff hnyav - 6400 kg, lub siab tshaj plaws takeoff hnyav - 7140 kg. Tswv yim qab nthab nqa yog 11 km deb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws qhov siab yog 855 km / h. Nyob rau caj npab muaj 4 phom MK - 108 yog tseem tau mus nrhiav kom tau 12 R4M unguided cuaj luaj.

Winners dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262": phoojywg

Winners dav hlau "Messerschmitt" ntawm cov phoojywg, tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas. Rau feem ntau feem cov German "swallows" puas lawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, tsis yog muab lub sijhawm rau lawv sawv. Cuaj kaum, coj down "Messerschmitt-262" raug kaw nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees George. Bendraulta (386 FS), Lieutenant Mueller (353rd FG), Major H. Connor (78th FG), tub ceev xwm-tsav Bob Cole ( 3 squadron RAF), Lt. Yaj (78th FG), Wilson Lt. (401-kuv Canadian cua squadron) thiab lwm tus neeg.

Winners dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Pem hauv ntej

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Western European ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, muaj "Messerschmitt-262" thiab nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj pem hauv ntej. Txawm li cas los, cov lus qhia txog qhov no heev stingy. Cuaj kaum, daim ntawv teev cov winners ntawm lub "Messerschmitt-262" muaj cov npe thiab Soviet ARRANGEMENT. Officially sau npe downed dav hlau "Messers" rau nws tus account muaj Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov thiab Aleksandr Dolgunov. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no yuav tsum tau muaj ob tug ntau npe: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 th tiv thaiv tso kom muaj kab muaj kev thiab Vladimir E. los ntawm 402 th Fighter koojtis.

Txawm li cas los, kev pom zoo ntawm lawv cov victories nyob rau hauv cov archives pom.

xaus

Rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II German kev lag luam ua thiab xa mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub aircraft nyob rau hauv 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" nrog rau ntau yam kev hloov kho. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua lub tsheb coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub hostilities. Tsis muaj roj, tsis muaj tsim nyog cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tsis muaj haum airfields tsev (tsheb yuav tsum tau ncua tso mam li pawv) ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hmoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj dav hlau aircraft "Messerschmitt KUV-262." Tsis tau nws tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no aviation. Tom qab nws zoo li cim pib ntawm lub era ntawm dav hlau aviation.