Koj puas paub tias dab tsi lub caravel?

Nco ntsoov tias, nyob rau hauv ib co ships sailing nyob rau hauv nyob deb Is Nrias teb Columbus? Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws tau hnov lub npe ntawm cov Sailboats, involuntarily qw hais tias: "Yuav ua li cas romantic! Thiab dab tsi yog qhov caravel? "Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub npe ntawm tus medieval khoom siv tes ua muaj ib tug heev melodic suab, thiab thaj lawv yog zoo nkauj heev. Lawv feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntoo lub cev richly carved thiab waving nyob rau hauv cov cua sails ua rau lawv zoo li ib tug cruise nkoj.

Caravel Nkoj: Cov Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab etymology

Muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau piav qhia txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus. Raws li ib tug ntawm lawv, lub npe ntawm cov Sailboats muaj Portuguese cov hauv paus hniav thiab los ntawm lub diminutive version ntawm cov lo lus caravo (sailing txog ntsha). Tab sis lub Italians ntseeg tau hais tias lub nkoj caravel npe hu li ntawd vim hais ntawm nws cov kev zoo nkauj thiab elegance, thiab nws lub npe los ntawm lub merger ntawm ob Italian lus - cara (ntxim hlub) thiab bella (zoo nkauj). Thiab muaj ib tug version ntawm Greek keeb kwm, raws li uas nws tawm los ntawm lo lus χαραβος (ksarabos). Los ntawm nws tuaj lub Latin carabus (wicker nkoj), thiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab lo lus "nkoj". Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus Italian version - lub feem ntau zoo nkauj thiab haum ze nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, vim hais tias cov caravel - nws tseem ua tau zoo nkauj heev lub nkoj. Cuaj kaum, historians yuav ntseeg hais tias lo lus muaj nws lub Greek cov hauv paus hniav.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub caravel?

Cov ships twb ntau nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub 13-16 th centuries. Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, Spain thiab Portugal raug xam tias yog coob maritime powers thiab loj thaj discoveries koom nws rau lawv, lawv ib txwm muaj lub feem ntau haib thiab tshaj fleets. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov lus Mev fleets kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 15th constituted lub tsev hais plaub, uas yog hu ua "caravel" (saib duab tsab xov xwm). Yog li ntawd, peb yog tag nrho cov poj discoveries sailors nyob qib qub nrog lawv, tab sis lwm yam marine Sailboats - karakki -. Ntau zaus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntev journeys Hristofora Kolumba, Vasco da Gama, Magellan, thiab lwm yam Lees tias uas ntawm Karakka koj tsis yog hnov dab tsi thaum caravels yeej ib txwm peb twb nyob rau ntawm lub rooj sib hais, thiab tag nrho ua tsaug rau lawv cov poetic npe. Caravel! Kev zoo nkauj, tsis txhob hais dab tsi. Lawv yog ib tug ob los sis peb-masted vessels nrog ib tug ncaj qha los yog oblique (Latin) rigged. Rau cov neeg uas xav paub nyob rau hauv ntau yam dab tsi hauv lub caravel, peb yuav tau ntxiv hais tias lawv muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm hull plating. Yog li ntawd, yog tias nyob rau lwm lub tsev hais plaub twb tau saws lub thiaj li hu ua txoj kev ntawm "overlap", ces cov sailing board nrog daim tawv nqaij haum nruj nreem rau txhua lwm yam. Dhau li qhov txawv feature ntawm cov ships tau ib tug meej kev sib raug zoo cov khoom siv tes ntev mus nws dav (4: 1), cov muaj ib tug tib lawj thiab ib tug tsa siab tawv, uas nws twb tau mus caij nkoj nrog ib tug ncaj ncees tshau. Nyob rau caravels feem ntau muaj peb Masts, thiab voos sail fastened mus rau lub oblique reyam.

Ntawm cov fleet Hristofora Kolumba zoo xws li cov ships tau "Nina" thiab "Pinta", tab sis lub majestic "Santa Maria" belongs rau ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm sailing - Karakka. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub caravel - ib tug sailing nkoj, uas vim nws maneuverability, nrog rau ntau tshaj Karakka tswj ua luam dej mus rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Novaya Zemlya. Cov ships yuav tsum tsis zoo ua ntaj riam thaiv. Lub me me luaj li cas ntawm lub lawj yog tsis tau tso cai rau muab tso rau hauv lawv cov artillery phom. Yog li ntawd, tsuas tiv thaiv rau lawv twb loj muskets, uas tau tso rau ntawm lub siab tawv.

Kev txhim kho cov caravels

Thaum lub sij hawm, lub caravels pib los txhim kho. Lawv tsis oblique sails twb ncaj, thiab vim hais tias ntawm lawv lub tsev hais plaub yooj yim rau kev tswj nrog ib tug ncaj ncees cua. Kolumbovskaya "Pinta" koom mus rau ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm caravels, thiab nws muaj ib tug ncaj qha tsis yog-Latin sails, thaum nyob rau hauv "Nini" lawv yog voos, raws li nyob rau hauv classical qauv, uas Ameslikas tau txais kev pab raws li nuv ntses hom phiaj.

Columbus ua ntej hla lub Atlantic los ntawm lub Azores tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub slanting sails on "Cuaj" ncaj. Thiab nws puas tau. Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias nws twb tsis yog li ntawd, lub caravel, tej zaum yuav tsis tau mus txog lub shores ntawm America. Nws maj mam mus tawm ntawm kev siv ntawm lub Latin-hom sails. Thiab yog hais tias ces ib tug neeg nug dab tsi lub caravel, ces tsis muaj ib tug yuav tau hais tias qhov no lub tsev hais plaub uas muaj ib tug oblique sailing iav.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw muaj ntau ntau yam kev qhia txog ntawm cov hlab ntsha, txawm li cas los, yuav luag tsis muaj lus piv txwv, uas koj yuav xav txog tej yam, dab tsi yog cov caravels ua tau. Feem ntau ntawm cov paintings raug ua ntau tom qab, thaum lub sailing tau ntev lawm tawm ntawm kev siv. Txawm li cas los, txog thaum peb mus txog hauv lub caravel duab, ua nyob rau hauv Lisbon nyob rau hauv 1520. Ua tsaug rau nws, peb to taub ntawm no nkoj yuav ntau yam dua. Nyob hauv daim duab ob-masted caravel (pictured txoj cai) nrog ib tug oblique sail. Nws yog xwm li nyob rau hauv lub retablo nyob rau hauv St. tsverkvi. Avty. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb twb no txog ntsha nyob rau hauv Portugal nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm tus poj thaj discoveries.