Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces. Cov kev kawm ntawv system nyob rau hauv ces

nyob rau hauv lub UK kev kawm ntawv system yog tsim rau ntau centuries, thiab niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lub rooj sib tham lub siab tshaj plaws zoo qauv. Khiav txoj kev kawm tau tiav txij li thaum tus me nyuam ntawm cov thawj tseem ceeb raws li txoj cai ua nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, uas yog lub Education Act 1944. Qhov no pib ib tug zoo kawg nkaus keeb kwm.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces hnub no yog yuav tsum rau tag nrho cov pej xeem uas muaj hnub nyoog tsib mus rau kaum. Ob tug sectors sawv tawm nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov kev kawm ntawv system: pej xeem (free kev kawm ntawv) thiab lwm (them kev kawm). Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm tshuab ob nyob rau hauv uas lub kev kawm ntawv yog raws li: ib tug ntawm lawv muaj direct nyhuv nyob rau hauv ces, Northern Ireland thiab Wales, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv Scotland.

Secondary kev kawm ntawv

Hauv As Kiv teb, cov tsev kawm ntawv yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Common yog luag tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis tau tsuas yog tau kev txawj ntse, tab sis kuj yuav ua neej nyob. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tau nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, feem ntau lawv qhib thaum monasteries. Tab sis los ntawm lub kaum ob xyoo pua Pope tswvcuab cov nyiaj npaj rau tag nrho cov Benedictine monasteries tsim ib tug sib hlub sib txhawb tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, tus nqi kawm ntawv lawv pib mus rau nqi.

Thaum xub thawj, cov ntseeg prevailed nyob rau hauv aristocratic tsev neeg uas cov me nyuam kawm tau dua nyob rau hauv tsev dua nyob rau hauv lub monastic cov tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis, ces tuaj mus rau to taub hais tias, hais txog ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm, cov me nyuam tau txais ib tug zoo dua paub nrog lawv cov phooj ywg. Qhov no saib tau ua lub hauv paus rau cov tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm privileged cov nyiaj laus pension, ib co kev uas ua rau hnub no thiab tam sim no tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo ntawm kev qhia thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm British kawm zej zog.

kev faib

nyob rau hauv lub UK kev kawm ntawv system muaj xws li:

1. Kindergarten.

2. Cov full-cycle cov tsev kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam los ntawm peb mus rau kaum yim xyoo.

3. Institutions yau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas raug muab faib ua Junior tsev kawm ntawv thiab Primary Tsev Kawm Ntawv.

• Lub Junior tsev kawm ntawv kawm los ntawm cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog los ntawm xya mus tsug kaum peb. Lawv qhia ib tug tshwj xeeb kev thawj zaug voj voog ntawm cov khoom thiab xaus rau kev kuaj mob kev cob qhia, lub dhau ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rau npe kawm nyob rau hauv high school.
• Hauv Koom Haum Me tsev kawm ntawv txais cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog los ntawm plaub mus rau kaum xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab thib rau lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev kawm yuav tsum SATs xeem - lawv yog cov, raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv, qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev nkag mus kawm high school.

4. Institutions rau cov laus me nyuam kawm ntawv raug muab faib ua Senior tsev kawm ntawv, Secondary School thiab qauv sau ntawv tsev kawm ntawv.

• Senior Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv yog rau cov me nyuam tsug kaum peb mus kaum yim xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm thawj ob lub xyoos, ces dhau lub GCSE xeem, thiab ces mus rau lwm tus ob-xyoo kev kawm kev pab cuam.
• Secondary School muab kev kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam los ntawm kaum ib xyoos.
• Cov qauv sau ntawv tsev kawm ntawv yog tseem kawm cov me nyuam mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum ib, tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv-tob kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv, koj muaj peev xwm txawm tau ib tug tag nrho cov kev npaj rau nkag mus rau hauv kev kawm ntawv.

5. Qhov npaj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv rau universities, yog tsim rau cov laus dua cov me nyuam hluas hnub nyoog kaum rau rau kaum yim xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom lub tsev kawm ntawv cov dej num nyob rau ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv yog txivneej los pojniam. Muaj cais cov tsev kawm ntawv rau cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais, raws li zoo raws li mixed tsev kawm ntawv. Lub teb chaws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov los ntawm UFW ntawm cais kev kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam ntawm txawv sexes, uas cam lawv txoj hauj lwm los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais tsim txawv ob lub cev thiab sab kev xav, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cais kev kawm ntawv lawv tsis muaj kom hloov mus rau txhua lwm yam.

Pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces

Nws muaj peev xwm muab tau nyob rau hauv ob lub private thiab pej xeem cov tsev kawm ntawv. Feem ntau, cov British xa lawv cov me nyuam mus nurseries thiab kindergartens nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm peb mus rau plaub lub xyoos. Pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces tseem kom txog rau thaum tus me nyuam nce mus txog lub hnub nyoog ntawm xya, thiab muaj xws li kev qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv, kev sau ntawv, kev ua leb. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam tsev kawm ntawv ntiav nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ua hauj lwm rau kev npaj mus kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam los ntawm tsib xyoos. Nyob rau hauv lawv kawg ntawm cov me nyuam tseem tau txais cov thawj thiab kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv.

thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv

Raws li twb tau hais, feem ntau ntawm cov niam txiv coj lawv cov menyuam tuaj kawm ntawv raws li thaum ntxov li tsib lub xyoo (npaj cov chav kawm ntawv). Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub thawj hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub UK pib los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm xya thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum cov me nyuam ntawm kaum ib xyoos. Tom qab hais tias, cov me nyuam mus rau theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia thiab hais yog tsis ntau sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub thawj chav kawm me nyuam kawm lej, English, suab paj nruag, geography, keeb kwm, kos duab thiab industrial technology. Yuav tsum tau khoom niam txiv xaiv lawv tus kheej.

kawm ntawv theem nrab

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias kev kawm ntawv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ces nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, thiab rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog, nws yog tsim nyog. Secondary cov tsev kawm ntawv qhia cov tub ntxhais cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kaum ib thiab kaum xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab npaj lawv rau muab ib tug general daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm ntawv (GCSE) los yog lub teb chaws daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev peev xwm (GNVQ).

Secondary kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces raws li ib tug ntawm nws feem ntau tseem ceeb paub tab yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov tsim ntawm ywj siab, nws tus kheej-kaj siab lug, muaj tswv yim neeg. Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv, menyuam kawm ntawv kawm tag nrho cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb voj voog nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kawm, raws li los ntawm piab. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav dhau lub xeem (nyob rau hauv xya cuaj kawm), uas yog tsim nyog rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, menyuam kawm ntawv pib npaj rau nws txij thaum lub hnub nyoog muaj kaum plaub xyoo.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv los npaj rau lub tsev kawm ntawv

Thaum kawm tiav ntawm lub tsum kawm voj voog kaum cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais yuav yog mus ua hauj lwm los ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub thib rau daim ntawv - lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob qhov twg cov kev cob qhia rau tsev kawm ntawv nkag. Xav neeg muaj lug tau sai dlua ob lub xyoo A-ntau ntau, uas implies tus me nyuam ntawm ob xeem: thawj xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb - AS, thiab tom qab lub thib ob xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb - A2-theem. plaub los yog tsib kawm kawm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, thiab lub thib ob - peb los yog plaub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm xaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kaum tsib mus rau nees nkaum npaj xaiv, yuav tsum tau kawm yog tsis muaj. Yog li, cov hluas xav tias lawv neej yav tom ntej specialization, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav devote peb mus rau tsib lub xyoos ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv.

Txawv teb chaws cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau pib lawv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub UK nrog ob xyoos ntawm A-theem.

Vocational thiab kawm ntawv qib siab

Teb chaws Aas Kiv muaj ntau tshaj rau puas private thiab pej xeem universities thiab kawm ntawv qib siab qhov twg tub ntxhais hluas yuav tau ib tug profession. Cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau yam kev cob qhia cov kev pab cuam. Zaj ntawm lub hoob A-theem muab cov menyuam kawm ntawv kom tau los yog kev los yog kev kawm qib siab nyob rau hauv ces. Tus thawj yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub chav kawm ntawm kawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xaiv tshwj xeeb, thiab lub thib ob twb muaj xws li undergraduate, kawm tiav, doctoral degree thiab ib MBA.

nqi kawm ntawv

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces them rau lawv cov pej xeem thiab rau neeg txawv teb chaws, tab sis rau cov tom kawg yog tus nqi ntau dua. lub teb chaws cov pej xeem muaj lub sij hawm los mus kawm nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis, thiab lub xeev xav nws rov qab xwb yog hais tias, tom qab kawm tiav rau tus neeg muaj peev xwm tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nrog ib cov nyiaj hli ntawm tsawg kawg 21,000 phaus ib xyoos. Txwv tsis pub, cov nuj nqis tsis muaj yuav tsum tau xa rov qab. Tsis ntev los no, lub British Parliament sib cav tswv yim tseem txog seb puas los yog tsis ua rau kom cov nqi ntawm kev kawm ntawv, thiab ntau MPS yog inclined mus ntseeg hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau kom nws.

International Assessment zoo ntawm kev kawm cov kev pab cuam

Kev thoob ntiaj teb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg, qhov zoo ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ces yog ib tug tsis zoo sib hais txog qhov kev npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tiav. Nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv, lub thoob ntiaj teb kev siab cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov UK feeb sawv nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb txoj hauj lwm.