Keeb kwm Zaporizhzhya Sich

Muaj coob tus ntseeg hais tias cov Zaporizhzhya Sich - yog ib tug thiab xwb nce qib, yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Khortytsya kob, tab sis, nws yog ib tug heev misconception. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv no lub npe keeb kwm tau ua ke ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov chaw ntawm cov Dnieper Cossacks, uas ua tau zoo txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv series. Thiab lawv nyob rau hauv txawv qhov chaw downstream ntawm lub Dnieper, mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Dnieper rapids (chaw pib lub npe "Zaporozhye").

Thawj Zaporizhzhya Sich - yog Khortytsia fortress (Khortytsia Sich), nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1552 los ntawm tub huabtais Dmitriem Vishnevetskim rau cov kob ntawm me Khortytsya. Nws puas yog los ntawm Crimean Turkish troops twb nyob rau hauv 1557, tab sis nws lub tswv yim - zoo-fortified tub rog yeej rog - sai revived nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nram qab no koom haum ua teb Sich.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub keeb kwm ntawm Zaporozhye Sech muaj yim Sich, txhua tus uas muaj ntawm 5 mus rau 40 xyoo: Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya thiab Podpolnenskaya.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev lis kev cai thiab kev coj prevailed muaj? Nws yog lub npe hu, piv txwv li, uas rau kev txais tos nyob rau hauv Sech txiv neej twb mus yuav dawb, txiv, nyob rau hauv Ukrainian hais manifest Orthodox (los yog christened nyob rau hauv orthodox txoj kev ntseeg). Tom qab tus me nyuam ntawm cov Cossacks, nws yuav tsum tau yauv mus ua tub rog kev cob qhia, uas ntawd kub ntev li xya xyoo.

Lub tsuas cai ntawm lub yeej yog tus Rada, uas solved tag nrho cov lus nug tseem ceeb. Rada dhau Lub kaum hli ntuj 1, ces ib hlis ntuj 1 thiab nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb hnub ntawm Easter. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Parliament yuav tau convened ntawm txhua lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov Cossacks. Kev txiav txim siab txais yuav thaum lub Parliament yog yuav tsum tau rau txhua leej txhua tus.

Lub zej lub zos ntawm cov Cossacks ntawm Zaporozhye Sech npe Kosh. Nws qhia ib tug 38 kev haus luam yeeb, uas yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib cov tub rog units. Txhua kuren yog los ntawm ob peb lub kaum mus rau ob peb pua pua Cossack. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lo lus "haus luam yeeb" yog lwm lub ntsiab lus - qhov thiaj li hu ua thaj tsev, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog "ib tug tub rog lub tsev pheeb suab."

Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab coj ntawm lub rad, Zaporizhzhya Sich muaj ib tshooj, uas yog ataman. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau nws cov ntsiab chaw ua hauj lwm, nws muaj txoj cai mus kos npe rau txoj kev tuag ua ke rau lub perpetrators ntawm lub Cossacks. Tshwj xeeb loj teeb meem txhaum cai yog cov nram qab no: kev tua neeg ntawm lwm Cossack Cossack; muaj, txawm me, tub sab tub nyiag; sib ntaus sib tua thaum intoxicated; desertion; looting nyob hauv zos.

Hais txog Zaporozhye Cossacks, lawv resilience, ua siab loj, tsis yog-tus qauv txoj kev ntawm tawm tsam yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov legends. Thiab qhov tseeb tseem - lawv yuav ntse thaum nws lub zog, heev heev thiab zoo-armed cov yeeb ncuab.

Nyob rau hauv 1775, lub Lavxias teb sab Empress Catherine II kos npe rau manifesto, raws li uas tus Zaporizhzhya Sich, tsis tsuas puas lawm, tab sis officially reckoned rau Novorossiysk xeev, kawg ib tug self Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no fateful kev txiav txim siab raug raws li nyob rau hauv ob peb lub txheej xwm.

Firstly, Russia tau kos npe nrog lub Crimean Khanate daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv uas nws tau txais kev nkag mus rau hauv lub dub hiav txwv, yog li qhov yuav tsum tau los tiv thaiv lub yav qab teb ciam teb rau lwm zoo. Thiab ob, lub Cossacks nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub rebellion ntawm Pugachev, yog li Catherine II ntshai tsam hais tias lub revolt kis thiab Zaporizhzhya steppes.

Lub rau hli ntuj 5, 1775 pib lub infamous liquidation Zaporizhzhya Sich. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog coj los ntawm General-Lieutenant Peter tuaj rau Zaporozhye Tekel hmo ntuj. Lawv khaws ib hnub thaum lub Cossacks lom ntsuab yuletide thiab twb tsis npaj mus tua. Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub ultimatum Tekeli Zaporizhzhya Sich twb surrendered tsis muaj ib tug sib ntaus. Cov txhab thiab cov archives twb confiscated. Tom qab hais tias, lub Zaporizhzhya Sich twb tag pov tseg los ntawm artillery.

Tom qab lub liquidation ntawm nws Sich Cossacks tuaj koom lub Cov Qib ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, thiab lub qub sergeant los ua nom ua tswv. Peter Kalnyshevsky, kawg ataman Zaporozhye Sech, twb exiled mus rau lub Solovetsky monastery, qhov uas nws siv lub qhov ntxa 28 xyoo mus txog thaum nws tuag. Ib txhia ntawm cov Cossacks tshuav rau Qaib ntxhw, qhov uas lawv nrhiav tau lub Danubian Sich, uas muaj peev xwm los tuav tawm kom txog thaum 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks tiv thaiv nyob rau sab ntawm qaib ntxhw, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv koom cov hluav ntawm uprisings.