Iyiv gods, los ntawm oblivion rau txoj kev tshawb

Lub keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws pib ntawm lub lem ntawm lub thib peb thiab thib plaub millennia ua ntej Yexus yug. Ib tug ancient kab lig kev cai, niaj tus ntawm invaders thiab nrog upheavals, muaj ua ntej qhov saws me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub plaub xyoo pua AD. Yuav luag peb thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo, thiab ib daim ntawv teev cov nta Iyiv gods underwent tseem ceeb kev hloov. Iyiv gods nrhiav sijhawm thiab lub npe hais rau cov neeg zej zog - cov Axilia, Hithai, Hyksos, lub Greeks.

Tom qab lub koom ua ke ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm ib tug tib kav lub gods ntau ntau cov cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws txoj kev pab pawg neeg nkag mus rau hauv ib qho pantheon, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm lawv pe hawm xwb nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw uas muaj lub hauv paus pib ntawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg. Ib txhia gods maj nrhiav obscheegipetskoe nqi. Cov vajtswv poj niam Bastet, muaj ib tug miv lub taub hau, tsis muaj tsis ntseeg, tau zus los ntawm ib tug cult ntawm kev teev hawm cov miv li custodians ntawm grain reserves ntawm nas. Agriculture nyob rau hauv Egypt tau ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm rau hauv sib piv, piv txwv li, los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws uas sawv mas vim cov lag luam tawm thiab cov tub rog conquest. Anthropomorphic Iyiv gods yog feem ntau muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug tsiaj lub taub hau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas sawv lub veneration ntawm ib tug cult. Piv txwv li, tus vaj tswv Thoth yog ibis lub taub hau, tus vajtswv poj niam Sekhmet (Sekhmet) - ib tug tsov ntxhuav lub taub hau, Anubis - tus aub lub taub hau.

Sai li sai tau raws li lub rose los yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, muaj ib tug kev hloov ntawm dynasties los yog "nyaj" ntawm lub capital rau ib tug tshiab qhov chaw, hloov thiab Iyiv gods "thawj theem." Ib tug interesting feature ntawm ancient Iyiv cai dab qhuas yog muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cosmological myths xwb (ie versions ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no), thiab nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam lub ntsiab luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no me teeb meem diverted rau lub zos deity.

Iyiv gods nyob rau hauv xws coob, ua lub hauv paus rau lub zos separatism undoubtedly tsis xav tau ib zaug xwb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam cults yuav tsum tau siv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txhais tau tias nrog ib tug ntau zoo dua kom zoo dua yuav muaj tau siv nyob rau hauv rau sab hauv fittings ntawm lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab thiaj li nyob. Thiab nrog zoo wealth thiab lub hwj ntawm lub priestly tsab xeem lis yog ncaj qha mus raug teeb meem los ntawm cov tib hwj chim ntawm tus vaj ntxwv.

Tag nrho tej yam uas xam tau tias yog, tus vaj ntxwv Amenhotep IV ntawm, coj lub npe Akhenaten, qhia txog ib lub cult ntawm me regional deity Aton (lub deified hnub ci disc) raws li obscheegipetskoy kev ntseeg. Tab sis lub inertia ntawm kev lig kev cai yog ib yam nkaus thiab muaj zog, thiab Akhenaten tuag, thiab ua ntej ncav lub hnub nyoog ntawm plaub caug. Raws li lub pov version, nws taug. Txawm li cas los, kev tsim txom ntawm tsev neeg yog tsis kov, thiab nws tus poj niam (tus naas ej Nefertiti) tseem ciaj sia thiab ntau xyoo tom qab txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv.

Tom qab lub Persian, Hellenistic thiab tom qab lub teb chaws txoj hauj lwm ntawm Iyiv gods thiab goddesses maj pib poob nws cov cawv, yog nyob rau hauv poob. Lawv coalesce nrog lub gods invaders. Piv txwv li, Aleksandr Makedonsky pe hawm nyob rau hauv Egypt li cov tub Zeus-Amon, ib tug syncretic Iyiv-Hellenistic deities.

Thaum lub Egyptian gods, nws lub npe twb ob lub zos thiab mixed keeb kwm, pib muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug tshiab kev ntseeg - cov ntseeg Vajtswv maj pib thiab oblivion ntawm ancient Iyiv sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Emperor Constantine tuag tas hais lus ntawm lub Egyptian kev cai dab qhuas kev lig kev cai, ces rau ntau centuries lub npe ntawm ancient Iyiv gods twb paub tsuas yog los ntawm cov lus sau ntawm lub Greek thiab Roman historians. Tab sis cov neeg thiab lwm tus neeg tau ntsib nrog cov neeg Iyiv kab lis kev cai ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum nws yog twb nyob rau lub wane, thiab tsis yog devoted pov thawj outsiders (feem ntau txhoj puab heev) mus rau hauv lub mysteries ntawm lawv cov kev ntseeg.

Npaj siab rau decipher ancient hieroglyphics ua dua li lub as kws tshawb fawb, thiab cov Europeans, tab sis yuav tsis muaj avail. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua, ib tug ci ntsa iab linguist Fransua Shampolon tswj kom nrhiav tau tus yuam sij rau deciphering Iyiv ntawv. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd pib lub neej tshiab nimno era ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Egypt.