Irene Joliot-Curie: ib tug luv luv biography, cov duab

Irene Joliot-Curie (yees duab qhia tau hais tias tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - tus hlob tus ntxhais ntawm Marie thiab Pierre Curie nto moo zaum tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Chemistry nyob rau hauv 1935 rau nws foundations nrog nws tus txiv ntawm cov khoom cua radioactivity. Nws pib nws scientific hauj lwm raws li ib tug kev tshawb fawb pab nyob rau Radium lub koom haum nyob rau hauv Paris, tsim los ntawm nws niam thiab txiv, nws sai sai hloov nws niam los ua nws tus thawj saib xyuas. Muaj nws tau ntsib nws tus txiv thiab lub neej scientific khub Frederikom Zholio. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv kos npe rau lawv cov uas nrhiav tau thaum lawv tseem lawv surnames.

Irene Joliot-Curie: ib tug luv luv biography

Irene yug rau 12/09/1897 nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm Mary thiab lub winners ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog , Pierre Curie. Nws tseem yog menyuam yaus yog heev txawv txawv - maturation coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm ci ntsa iab zaum. Cov niam txiv tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv 1895 thiab mob siab rau nws lub neej mus rau physics, kev thwmsim nyob rau hauv nws kuaj nrog radioactivity. Mariya Kyuri yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm foundations ntawm radium, thaum me ntsis Irene, los yog "nws me ntsis huab tais," raws li nws niam hu ua nws tus ntxhais, tsuas yog ib tug ob peb lub hlis.

Tus ntxhais loj hlob mus tsis rau xyoo, tiam sis yog ib paub txaj muag tus me nyuam. Nws yog heev possessive nyob rau hauv koom rau nws niam, uas yog feem ntau tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog lawv thwmsim. Thaum twg, tom qab ib tug ntev hnub nyob rau hauv lub lab, "huab tais" tau ntsib nws troubled niam, xav tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Mary puv ib ncig thiab mus rau kev ua lag luam mus ua kom tiav qhov xav kom nws tus ntxhais. Tom qab lub untimely lo kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv Pierre nyob rau hauv 1908, ib tug zoo kawg cawv rau Irene pib pheev nws yawg rau leej txiv Ezhen Kyuri. Nws qhia nws tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv botany thiab tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm, thaum nws siv lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv lub zos. Curie Sr. yog ib hom ntawm ib tug nom tswv radical thiab ib tug neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab nws tau pab rau leftist sentiments Irene thiab yuam cai rau ib lub koom haum kev ntseeg.

nontraditional kev kawm ntawv

Curie kev kawm ntawv yog tseem ceeb heev. Nws niam tau pom rau nws hais tias Irene thiab nws tus niam hluas Eva Denise (1904 p.) Ua txhua hnub lub cev thiab kev puas hlwb ce. Tus hluas nkauj muaj ib tug governess, tab sis vim hais tias Madame Curie twb tsis tau nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau npaj ib txoj kev kawm co-operative, nyob rau hauv uas cov me nyuam ntawm professors ntawm tus naas ej Paris Sorbonne tuaj rau cov zaj lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj. Irene tus niam qhia physics, thiab nws lwm nto moo lug txhawb cov miv qhia lej, Science News for KIDS, hom lus thiab cov duab puab. Tsis ntev Irene yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas zoo paub txog physics thiab Science News for KIDS. Ob xyoos tom qab, Txawm li cas los, thaum nws muaj 14 xyoo, lub koom tau dov li, tus hluas nkauj twb mus tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, kawm ntawv qib siab Sevigne, thiab tsis ntev tau txais cov ntawv pov thawj. Nws siv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm lub puam los yog nyob rau hauv lub roob, tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm celebrities xws li Albert Einstein thiab nws tus tub. Ces Irene tuaj rau lub Sorbonne kawm los ua ib tug kws tu neeg mob.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej

Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej Madame Curie mus rau pem hauv ntej, qhov twg lub tshiab X-ray khoom siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov tub rog. Ntxhais sai kawm siv lub tib lub khoom, ua hauj lwm nrog nws niam, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tus kheej. Irene, paub txaj muag thiab es antisocial nyob rau hauv cov xwm, twj ywm thiab unruffled nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 21, nws los ua pab mus rau leej niam nyob rau lub Radium lub koom haum. Nws tau kawm rau skillfully siv cov huab chamber, ib tug ntaus ntawv uas yuav ua rau pom lub elementary hais los ntawm txoj kev ntawm tee dej, uas lawv tawm ntawm txoj kab ntawm lawv lub zog.

Thaum pib ntawm scientific ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1920, tom qab lub yeej ntawm cov ncig saib nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nrog nws niam thiab tus muam, Iren Kyuri pib ua kom nws pab mus rau txoj kev kuaj. Ua hauj lwm nrog Fernand Holweck, cov thawj tswj thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum, nws ua ob peb thwmsim nrog radium, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1921 nyob rau hauv nws thawj txoj hauj lwm. Los ntawm 1925 nws tau tiav lawm nws doctoral thesis rau lub alpha rays ntawm polonium, lub caij, uas qhib nws niam thiab txiv. Muaj ntau lug txhawb cov miv nyob rau hauv lub laboratory, xws li nws yav tom ntej tus txiv, xav tias nws yog zoo li nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv nws yuav luag muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm mus siv kiag li lawm. Frederick yog ib tug ob peb xyoo yau dua Irene thiab twb tsis muaj kev nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm scientific cov khoom. Thaum nws twb nug los qhia nws txog radioactivity, nws pib nyob rau hauv ib tug es tsis paub yam, tab sis lawv tsis ntev pib ua ntev qho nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Lub ob peb sib yuav nyob rau hauv 1926 thiab txiav txim siab los siv ib tug ua ke lub npe Joliot-Curie, tom qab nws nto moo niam txiv.

fruitful kev koom tes

Nobel keeb kwm Irene Joliot-Curie thiab nws tus txiv Frederic pib kev sib koom kev tshawb fawb. Nkawd ob leeg kos npe rau lawv cov scientific ua hauj lwm, txawm tias tom qab 1932, Irene raug tsa taub hau ntawm cov kev kuaj. Tom qab nyeem ntawv txog lub thwmsim ntawm German zaum Walter Bothe thiab Hans Becker cov xim kws tsom rua nuclear physics - teb cov science, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv nws kiag. Tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua, zaum sab uas atoms muaj ib tug central nucleus muaj zoo them protons. Sab nraum tsis zoo them electrons. Cov niam txiv Irene radioactivity nais maum kuaj, ib tug tshwm sim uas tshwm sim thaum lub nuclei ntawm tej ntsiab emit ib tug particle los yog lub zog. Tus thawj yog ib tug ntxhib alpha hais li lub nucleus ntawm ib tug Helium atom nrog ob tug zoo nqi. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, cov puav pheej ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog, lub Curie Sr. nrhiav tau hais tias ib co neeg hais emit hais nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tu ncua, kom paub tseeb tseeb hauv paus.

nuclear fusion

Nyob rau hauv nws lab, Irene Joliot-Curie twb nkag tau mus rau lub heev loj npaum li cas ntawm tej ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, namely polonium, qhib nws niam thiab txiv. Qhov no tshuaj caij emits alpha hais uas Irene thiab Frederick siv los bombard ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv 1933, lawv bombed lawv txhuas tub ntxhais. Cov tshwm sim yog ib tug neeg phosphorus. Aluminium feem ntau muaj 13 protons tab sis thaum bombarded nrog alpha hais nrog ob tug zoo nqi ntsiav tau txais ntau protons, txoj kev phosphorus. Cov uas ua tshuaj lub caij sib txawv los ntawm lub ntuj - nws yog nws tej isotope.

Soj ntsuam kuaj cov qauv alpha tawg thiab nyob rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv, nrhiav tau hais tias thaum alpha hais sib tsoo nrog cov atoms lawv hloov lawv mus rau hauv lwm lub caij nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm protons. Irene thiab Frederic Joliot-Curie tsim dag radioactivity. Lawv qhia nyob rau tshwm sim ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1934.

Lub Nobel nqi zog

Qhib Joliot-Curie yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb xwb tsis rau dawb huv science, tab sis kuj rau nws heev heev daim ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1930, ntau tej isotopes twb tau, uas tau siv raws li cov cim nyob rau hauv kev kho mob diagnostics, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ntau thwmsim. vib this kev vam meej sim hawm caij nyoog lwm zaum xyaum ua tej yam nrog lub nuclear zog tso.

Nws yog ib tug bittersweet lub sij hawm ntawd rau Irene Joliot-Curie. Nyob hauv indescribable delight, tab sis ib tug neeg muaj mob niam paub hais tias nws tus ntxhais tau yuav tsum tau paub, tab sis nws tuag nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj ntawm xyoo ntawd los ntawm leukemia tshwm sim los ntawm ntev-lub sij hawm kis tau tawg. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab Joliot-Curie kawm txog cov hauj lwm ntawm lub Nobel nqi zog. Txawm tias lawv nuclear physicists, cov khub tau txais qhov puav pheej nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS vim lub txim ntawm lawv cov discoveries nyob rau hauv daim teb no.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Irene thiab Frederic los ua tswv ntawm ntau mus saib xyuas degrees thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Legion ntawm yawm. Tab sis cov no ntshaw raug zoo tsis cuam tshuam. Paj Huam nyeem ntawv, da dej, caij nkoj, skiing thiab hiking yog ib tug nyiam yam taw tes uas, Irene Joliot-Curie. Cov me nyuam Hélène thiab Pierre loj hlob, thiab nws ua xav nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo taw thiab kev nom kev tswv. Atheist nrog leftist views, Irene tau campaigned rau cov poj niam txoj kev suffrage. Nws yog ib tug deputy minister nyob rau hauv lub Nrov Pem hauv ntej tsoom fwv Leona Blyuma nyob rau hauv 1936, ces twb raug xaiv xibfwb hauv lub Sorbonne nyob rau hauv 1937.

atom smashing

Ntxiv nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm physics nyob rau hauv lub lig 1930s, Irene Joliot-Curie ua ib tug xyaum ua nrog ib tug neutron bombardment ntawm uranium nuclei. Nrog nws collaborator Pavlom Savichem nws pom tias uranium yuav phua rau hauv lwm yam tej ntsiab. Nws yooj yim xyaum ua tej yam leem txoj kev rau lwm physicist Otto Hahn, uas muaj pov thawj hais tias cov uranium neutron bombardment yuav faib nws mus rau hauv ob atoms ntawm piv ceeb thawj. Qhov no tshwm sim los ua lub hauv paus rau lub tswv yim daim ntawv thov ntawm atomic zog - rau tiam ntawm nuclear zog thiab nuclear riam phom.

Thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb ob Irene nws txuas ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Paris, txawm hais tias nws tus txiv Frederick mus underground. Lawv ob yog ib feem ntawm lub Fabkis kuj zog, thiab nyob rau hauv 1944, Irene tus me nyuam mus rau Switzerland. Tom qab tsov rog, nws tau tsa taub hau ntawm lub Radium lub koom haum, raws li zoo raws li tso cai los ntawm qhov Fabkis nuclear project. Nws siv nws hnub nyob rau hauv lub laboratory, thiab txuas ntxiv mus muab kev qhuab qhia thiab ua presentations rau lub npe ntawm radioactivity, txawm hais tias nws noj qab haus huv maj qub.

Irene Joliot-Curie: A Biography txoj cai

Frederick, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Communist tog txij li thaum 1942, twb tso los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Fabkis Atomic Energy Commission. Tom qab ntawd, qhov ob peb pib tawm suab rau kev siv ntawm nuclear zog nyob rau hauv qhov ua rau ntawm kev kaj siab. Irene yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev sib haum xeeb Council, thiab ua ob peb mus ncig ua si rau lub Soviet Union. Nws yog lub qhov siab ntawm lub "Mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog", thiab vim hais tias ntawm cov nom tswv kev ua ub no ntawm Irene twb tsis kam muab tswv cuab nyob rau hauv lub American Tshuaj Society, daim ntawv thov rau cov uas nws tau sau ntawv nyob rau hauv 1954. Nws kawg tshab rau physics yog los pab nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug loj particle tsuj roj thiab kuaj nyob rau hauv Orsay, sab qab teb ntawm Paris, nyob rau hauv 1955. Nws noj qab haus huv qub, thiab 3/17/56 Irene Joliot-Curie tuag, zoo ib yam li nws niam, los ntawm leukemia raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug loj tag nrho tawg koob tshuaj.