Imre Kalman: biography thiab nthuav tseeb

Qhov zoo composer Imre Kalman, operetta yog muab tso rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov suab paj nruas theaters ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nyob ib lub neej tag nrho ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab creativity. Nws yuav tsum tau kov yeej ntau yam kev nyuaj, los ua ib lub loj tshaj kev kawm tau zoo thiab tau raws li ib tug ntau ntawm kev hlub. Nws lub npe yog txuam heyday ntawm Viennese operetta, nws puas tau nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag li cov creator ntawm txoj kev kaj lug, optimistic thiab zoo siab ua hauj lwm, tab sis yog nws biography yog feem ntau deprived ntawm kev kaj siab.

thaum yau

Yug tug txiv neej peb paub niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Imre Kalman, Lub kaum hli ntuj 24, 1882 nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ntawm Siofok rau lub pas dej Balaton. Nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Emmerich Koppshteyn. Thaum tseem nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau hloov nws Jewish lub npe ib tug ntau nyob nruab nrab Kalman. Tus tub tus txiv heev ib tug vam meej bourgeois tsev neeg nyob rau hauv abundance, nws loj hlob ob tug ntau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus Imre. Txawm li cas los, ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab tus tub yau ntawm Charles Koppshteynu muaj lub tswv yim mus ua kom nws lub zos ib tug thriving resort. Nws ua lag luam hnyav ncawv rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov racetrack, Operetta ua yeeb yam, ob peb cov chaw ntiav pw. Tab sis tag nrho cov no yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsim, thiab leej txiv Kalman yuav tsum tau tog mus rau hauv cov nuj nqis. Tag nrho cov twb sadly, nws vaj tse twb txeeb rau lub nuj nqis, thiab cov tsev neeg twb yuam kom tsiv mus nyob rau Budapest. Tsis ntev lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg xa Imre nyob hauv qab qhov kev kho mob ntawm kuv tus phauj.

tsim

Nyob rau hauv 10 xyoo, tus tub hluas twb raug xa sai li sai tau rau ob lub tsev kawm: tus classical chav xyaum tes taw thiab suab paj nruag. Txawm tias qhov kev txom nyem, rau Imre yuav ib tug siv piano, uas nws xyaum txhua txhua spare lub sij hawm ntawd. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem no tau deteriorated npaum li ntawd tias tus tub hluas yuav tsum tau tawm qhia thiab mus ua hauj lwm. Nws pib qhia Latin thiab Greek high school cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab txuas ntxiv Tutor music. Neeg txom nyem ua rau nws txaj muag thiab siab tsis zoo tub hluas, tab sis nws tsim ua lag ua luam acumen. Ua tsaug rau nws kev rau siab, Imre Kálmán twb tau mus rau cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws txawm pib muab concerts, uas tau coj nws lub koob meej thiab ib tug me me nyiaj tau los.

Txawm li cas los, nws twb dua tos rau ib tug tragic tsis ua hauj lwm: reborrow nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau cov suab paj nruag contest, Imre raug mob pinkie, uas puas tau nres nws unbend. Hais txog music-txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau nco qab. Imre Kalman tuaj koom lub muaj pes tsawg leeg cov chav kawm ntawv, nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug xib fwb, nws pib mus rau sau symphonic tej hauj lwm. Tab sis lawv twb tsis muaj kev vam meej. Nws tseem muaj kev tswj kom kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab thiab cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Academy of Music. Thaum lub insistence ntawm Kalman cov txheeb ze kuj nkag mus hauv txoj cai tus kws qhia ntawv. Ua tsaug rau cov zoo kawg dag zog nws muaj kev tswj kom tiav li ob lub tsev kawm ntawv, ua ib tug kws lij choj thiab ib daim tshuab raj.

Qhov kev tshawb nws tus kheej

Yuav kom tau nyiaj nyob ua ib ke, Imre Kalman yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv pib sau ib qho tseem ceeb cov khoom rau cov suab paj nruag kem nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Tom qab lub academy nws mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, raws li categorically tsis xav mus yuav ib tug kws lij choj. Cov txheeb ze twb vam hais tias nws yuav mus rau kev cai lij choj, thiab thaum twg nws muab tawm hais tias qhov no yog tsis yog li ntawd, nws tau poob nyiaj txiag pab. Ib zaug ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm ib tug muab ob npaug rau tsim txom: lub hnub nws sau rau hauv ntawv xov xwm, thiab sau cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj. Nws tseem ceeb heev ua hauj lwm coj nws ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus nyiaj khwv tau los, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau nws yuav tsis muaj nyiaj them. Tab sis zoo siab uas txaus yuav mus kawm tej concerts thiab theaters, raws li cov daim pib nws yuav tsis muaj nyiaj them.

composer Way

Txawm nyob rau hauv lub academy Imre Kalman sau loj suab paj nruag: symphonic music, piano daim thiab zaj nkauj thiab txawm zaj nkauj. Tab sis mus luam tawm thiab ua nws zaj nkauj tsis muaj ib tug xav. Ib tug tshuab raj txawm nyob rau hauv tag kev cia siab joked hais tias nws los txog rau lub point uas yuav pib rau compose operettas.

Nyob rau hauv 1905, Kalman koob hmoov, nws yeej lub Budapest Academy of Music rau ib tug song voj voog. Qhov nyiaj no ua rau nws siv rau lub lim tiam nyob rau hauv Berlin. Muaj, lub composer mus los ntawm tag nrho cov suab paj nruag publishers, hoping mus luam tawm cov song, tab sis nws yeej tsis tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv xav xav txais kev, cov neeg txom nyem thiab ib tug categorical rejection ntawm cov suab paj nruag composer Imre Kalman txiav txim siab tig los rau "low ib hom ntawv nyeem" - operetta.

kev vam meej

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog cim los ntawm ib tug sib sib zog nqus teeb meem ntawm lub operetta. Nyob rau hauv 1899, nws tuag lawm, "Waltz King" Iogann Shtraus, uas tau sau mus rau lub Austro-Hungarian Empire laj mej pej xeem nyiam operetta. Kaum xyoo ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem loj hlob sickly thiab tuag. Ib tug Imre Kalman, suab paj nruag yog kiag li tsis pom txaus thiab pom zoo thaum lub sij hawm poob txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej thiab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tsis muaj nyiaj. Heev npau taws nrog rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no thiab lawv tus kheej nrog rau cov composer tub nyob rau hauv ib tug khiab tsev nyob chav tsev nyob rau outskirts ntawm Graz, sau zoo suab paj nruag, thiab los ntawm nws cwj mem los thawj operetta - "lub caij nplooj zeeg maneuvers". Premiere tej hauj lwm coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Budapest, thiab thaum twg lub txais tos yog ntau tshaj li sov, Kalman txiav txim siab los qhia rau nws nyob rau hauv lub capital. Nyob rau hauv 1909, lub Vienna Operetta qhuas tus tshiab ntse heev, thiab tom qab ntawd zoo-deserved zoo tos composer nyob rau hauv Berlin thiab Hamburg. Kalman tsiv mus nyob rau hauv Vienna, thiab tau txais mus ua hauj lwm.

Los ntawm lub sij hawm no pib Kalman operetta los tsim heev, ib txhia ntawm lawv twb muaj kev vam meej, ib txhia tsis tau tiv thaiv cov kev xeem ntawm lub sij hawm. Tseem, nws muaj peev xwm kom tau lub koob meej thiab hmoov zoo. Nws ua heev muaj myiaj txiv neej, thiab nws yog tag nrho ua tsaug rau lub zog ua hauj lwm thiab txuj ci. Cov kev vam meej mus ntxiv kom txog rau thaum 1933. Nyob rau hauv 1932, tag nrho Vienna enthusiastically qhuas lub Maestro rau nws 50 xyoos. Nws twb muab ntau yam khoom plig thiab khoom plig. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1933, ib tug neeg composer thankfully tuaj mus rau qhov kawg.

operetta

Pib sau ib operetta, Kalman npaj nws tus kheej style. Nws tej hauj lwm thiab txim taws nrog kev xyiv fab. Thaj, lawv splashed nws tag nrho lawv tej kev cia siab thiab kev npau suav, uas sau ib tug ntau rau ib tug nyuaj lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nws tsim ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm "Gypsy-prime", uas siab reflected cov composer lub innovation: Hungarian pej xeem melodies, mixed muaj pes tsawg leeg, dynamic kev txiav txim. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov no ua hauj lwm twb tsis tau destined rau muaj kev vam meej, txawm li cas los tshuab raj txij thaum ntawd los ntau thiab ntau ntseeg hais tias nws tau pom nws txoj kev. Nws pib ua hauj lwm muaj kev cob qha librettists thiab tej hauj lwm tas.

Nyob rau hauv 1915 Imre Kalman "Silva" uas los ua ib tug nov ntawm nqaij tawv, yog dav paub. Nws ua ib tug muaj leej twg paub tus tswv ntawm lub operetta, nws wealth hlob, nws muaj peev xwm thaum kawg tsis txhob txhawj txog tag kis. Nyob rau hauv 1921, lub premiere ntawm "Bayadere", nyob rau hauv 1924 - "Maritsa". Composer nrees nyob rau hauv lub ua qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Vienna tshuab raj, suab paj nruag capital xaiv ib tug tshiab huab tais.

Nyob rau hauv 1926, lub operetta, uas yog tsim los ntawm Imre Kalman, "Lub Circus ntxhais fuabtais", yog nws tiag tiag triumph. Nws yog ib qho chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm tias vim cov neeg tuaj saib hlub Arias ntawm no ua hauj lwm hu nkauj rau qhov txhia chaw. Txij li thaum lub kev txiav txim ntawm lub operetta yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tej nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tsis yog li ntawd ib tug ntawm cov thawj ua yeeb yam coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Tsis txhob cia siab tias ib tug loj zoo thiab "Violet ntawm Montmartre", uas nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv Vienna, ib cov ntaub ntawv tus xov tooj ntawm lub sij hawm - 170! Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub 30s nws tau los ua nyuaj heev rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab Austria, lub Nazis tuaj rau lub hwj chim, thiab Kalman yog ib tug neeg Yudais. Nws yuav tsum tau txhawj dua txog koj lub neej.

mus txawv teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv 1938 Imre Kalman, uas nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kev txom nyem, yuam kom khiav tawm Austria. Ua ntej nws mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais lub Legion ntawm yawm, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Nws nyob 11 xyoo nyob rau hauv America, raug kev txom nyem ib tug mob stroke, thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm lub urging ntawm tsev neeg rov qab mus rau teb chaws Europe thiab nyob Paris. Mus txawv teb chaws lub sij hawm Kalman tsim tsuas yog ob tug operettas - "Marinka" thiab "Arizona Lady", uas tsis tau muaj xws li kev vam meej raws li cov ua ntej lawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer.

muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam

Cov hauj lwm ntawm Imre Kalman hnub no lub npe hu tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm tias nws tau sau ib tug tag nrho ntawm 17 operettas. 9 ntawm lawv tau ua ib feem ntawm cov repertoire ntawm ntau suab paj nruas theaters tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tab sis kuj lub tebchaws United States. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tseem muaj ib co symphonic thiab piano tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim yaam tshab Kalman ntseeg operetta "Gypsy-prime", "huab tais ntawm Czardas", "Countess Maritza", "Lub Circus ntxhais fuabtais", "Lub Violet ntawm Montmartre".

Peb hlub Imre Kalmana

Imre Kalman muaj ib tug heev interesting zaj keeb kwm, muaj peb muaj zog mob siab rau nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Lub composer yog, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, unprepossessing txiv neej: me me stature, loj do hau chaw ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog, tu siab heev, hais tsis zoo. Tsis muaj dab tsi boded nws zoo zoo nrog lub opposite pw ua niam txiv.

Nws thawj thawj txoj kev hlub yog Paula Dvorak - txoj kev zoo nkauj, lub actress operetta. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws pom nws nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub qhia premiere ntawm nws thawj thawj operetta nyob rau hauv Vienna. Kalman Imre siv zog npaum muab tso tawm los yeej lub plawv ntawm lub diva, nws yog laus dua tshaj nws 10 xyoo, lawv romance yog dizzying. Tab sis sib yuav mus rau lub composer Paula yeej tsis xav kom tawm. Nws paub hais tias cov me nyuam nws yeej tsis yuav. Nws tuaj txog Imre, ua noj rau nws, muab kev nplij siab, thiab nws yog txaus siab nrog xws li ib tug lub neej. Nws tsis mus ua hauj lwm, nws yog muaj. Tab sis lub idyll yog lawm. Tom qab 18 xyoo ntawm kev sib yuav, Paula tuag ntawm tuberculosis. Composer kev tu siab paub tsis muaj ciam teb. Thaum lub sij hawm lawv cov romance, nws ua nws zoo tshaj plaws operetta.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Paula kuv twb xav txog yuav ua li cas nws yuav Kalman nyob tsis muaj nws. Nws lossi tshwm sim nws nrog lub tswv yim uas nws xav yuav ib tug ntxhais hluas uas yuav muab yug mus rau nws tus me nyuam. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, nws nkag tau rau nws mus rau txoj kev kaj lug actress aristocratic Agnes Esterhazy. Nruab nrab ntawm lub composer thiab actress flashed txoj kev xav. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Paula Kalman vam mus yuav Agnes. Nws yuav nws ib lub tsev, da dej nrog paj thiab khoom plig. Tab sis ib zaug kuv kawm tau hais txog cov kev plees kev yi ntawm cov phooj ywg, zam txim rau nws, nws ua tsis tau.

Nyob rau hauv 1940, Kalman tau ntsib nrog cov me neeg txawv teb chaws los ntawm Russia Vera Makinsk, uas tau sim los ua ib tug movie actress. Lub composer twb ntaus los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab zoo nkauj. Nws yuav Vera, tab sis txoj kev sib yuav tsis yog kev zoo siab, txawm tias nws tau peb cov me nyuam yug los. Txoj kev ntseeg yog ntse rau partying, kim kav khw, novels, tsis tsuas Kalman. Imre zam txim rau nws txhua yam, thov tsis txhob tawm hauv nws, saib xyuas ntawm cov me nyuam. Sau nws cia li ib zaug, thiab kev tshoov siab tsis tu tsis tseg mus xyuas nws.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Tom qab ib tug mob stroke nyob rau hauv 1949, Kalman yog cov tuag tes tuag taw. Nws lub neej yog ib qho nyuaj, nws twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, kuv sim mus sau cov suab paj nruag, tab sis nws yog phem ua hauj lwm. Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1950, nyob rau hauv Paris, Imre Kalman yog sim mus ua hauj lwm nrog rau feem ntau tsis ntev los no operetta, uas yog ib tug tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Lub kaum hli ntuj 30, 1953 Kalman tuag. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv Vienna - lub nroog ntawm nws triumph.

nthuav lus tseeb

Lwm 4 xyoo ntawm Imre Kalman yog fond ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nws siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais ntawm lub xib fwb, violinist, thaum nws twb koom. Tom qab ntawd, nws kawm nyob rau hauv kev ua si rau piano rau 16 teev ib hnub twg, uas coj mus rau qhov kev raug mob.

Interestingly, lub Kalman yog heev heev thiab tsim nyog txiv neej. Tab sis ua luaj ntshai Fridays thiab tus naj npawb "13". Nws yeej tsis tsa premiere ntawm lub 13th tooj, nws ntseeg hais tias nws muaj hmoo tooj - "17", thiab sim kom nws operetta tsom rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws yog nyob rau hauv cov hnub. Nws kuj ntseeg hais tias cov operetta yuav tsum tau hnav cov poj niam lub npe xwb yog hais tias lawv tau ntsib nrog kev vam meej.