Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft muaj thiab lawv txoj kev cov yam ntxwv

Nuclear aircraft carrier - yog qhov tseeb tiam ntawm ships uas tsuas ua powers ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy, lawv suab tsis nyob ntawm seb. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem? Yog vim li cas yog lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas yog nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb caj npab haiv neeg kom deb li deb qab nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas no? Tom qab tag nrho, lub tebchaws United States muaj heev ib tug dlej nqi ntawm xws ships. Qhov twg yog qhov nuclear aircraft muaj Russia? Nws yog nyob rau lo lus nug no thiab koj yuav paub cov lus teb nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Koj yuav to taub vim li cas qhov no nam ntawm lub caj npab haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation yog li ntawd tsis muaj zog. Koj kuj yuav kawm txog cov ships ntawm no hom, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, tab sis rau ib tug yog vim li cas los yog lwm twb tsis nyob rau hauv lub Navy. Koj tseem yuav tau txais cov lus qhia txog ib zaug xwb aircraft carrier nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Navy, raws li zoo raws li txog seb lub tswv yim npaj Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft muaj nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej.

Lawm, tej ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv xws li tej yaam num rau tau txais unrealistic - nyob rau hauv TV kev txiav txim siab-makers yuav hais ib yam rau ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum qhia los ntawm ib tug txawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yuav tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov peb. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm nuclear aircraft muaj nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsuas hypothetical.

Yog vim li cas tsis nuclear aircraft muaj nyob rau hauv Russia?

Nuclear aircraft muaj Russia - qhov no yog ib tug heev interesting lub npe, txij thaum ib tug ntawm cov muaj zog powers nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov tub rog cov ntsiab lus uas yog suab tsis muaj loj thiab tseem ceeb ya. Yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim? Qhov teeb meem yog cov legacy uas tau mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab Federation ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist republics. Lub catch yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov tub rog txoj cai ntawm lub USSR - lub fact tias lub xeev kiag li uas lub zus tau tej cov aircraft muaj, tsis txawm xav raws li lub tswvyim ntawm cov cab kuj aviation hwj chim ships.

Twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Soviet Union pib lub hauv paus uas tsis yog-equivalence ntawm no nam ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, piv txwv li, nrog rau lub tebchaws United States. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim - nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation thaum pib ntawm nws lub neej tsis muaj aircraft muaj thiab tej kev pab them nqi thiab cov kev pab cuam rau lawv lawm, lub tshiab Millennium lub teb chaws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv raws nraim tib yam hauj lwm, thiab cov hnub uas thaum yuav muaj nuclear aircraft muaj Russia, nyob deb ces tsuas taug xaiv thiab sib tham.

Sim pib lawm

Peb tsis tau hais tias lub Soviet Union tsis txawm sim. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov seventies lub Soviet Union tau npaj los tsim kom tau cov thawj nuclear aircraft carrier tag nrho, uas yuav pib ib tug txheej ntawm lub nuclear fleet. Twb tsis muaj lawm txawm peb tes num tsim, cov ua hauj lwm title "1160". Tus aim ntawm qhov project no yog los tsim los ntawm 1986 raws li muaj ntau yam raws li peb tag nrho-fledged nuclear aircraft muaj, uas yuav muab sawv catapult ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj Soviet Su-27 K. Txawm li cas los, Tu siab, lub tswv yim twb tsis destined yuav tsum tau ras, raws li feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm hnyav aircraft muaj, uas tsis tau hu ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged nuclear aircraft carrier rau ib tug ntau yam yog vim li cas. Nws twb ces npaj lub tsev lag luam uas niaj hnub hnyav aircraft carrier nrog ntsug takeoff. Yog tias thaum lub "1160" peb tes num tau txiav, thiab cov thawj nuclear-powered aircraft carrier ntawm domestic keeb kwm thiab tsis yog yug.

Los ntawm txoj kev, peb tes num ntawm lub aircraft carrier, uas peb tes num "1160" tau raug hloov, lig swb lawm. Nyob rau hauv 1991, nws tau ua tiav, kev kuaj sau tau pib, uas nws thiaj li coj mus rau lub fact tias ib tug ntawm cov dav hlau poob ncaj qha mus rau lub lawj ntawm lub cruiser thiab muaj thiab hlawv. By 1992, peb tes num twb tso tseg, thiab lub Soviet Union tseem raws li dawb ntawm nuclear aircraft muaj, cruisers, thiab tsis muaj ib tug ntsug community launch system, thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas nyob hauv ib lub xyoos tom qab - tsis muaj nra nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nuclear aircraft muaj.

Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej no? Puas muaj tej nuclear aircraft muaj Russia? Keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias lawv ua tau ntawd, tab sis lawv kuj xav paub aircraft muaj, thiab lawv tau tsim feem ntau tsis yog rau lub Lavxias teb sab Navy.

Yuav ua li cas yog tam sim no?

Thaum sib tham txog nuclear aircraft muaj Russia, faib ua ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm. Lub fact tias cov nuclear aircraft carrier xws li nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov. Thiab lawv yeej tsis tsim yog nyob rau hauv Russia, los yog ua ntej nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tab sis yog hais tias peb tsis quav ntsej txog meticulousness, ces mus rau lub aircraft muaj xws li cov hnyav aircraft carrier, uas twb tau sau yav tas los. Thiab ces koj yuav taug keebkwm ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj cov neeg cruisers uas twb ua nyob rau hauv Russia.

Tus thawj yog cov cruiser "Kiev", "Minsk" thiab "Novorossiysk". Lawv launched nyob rau hauv lub seventies, thiab sau ntawv tawm ua ke nyob rau hauv 1993. Ua ntej nws sawv kaw rau hauv kaum xyoo, mus txog rau thaum nws raug xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj, nyob qhov twg nws los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau. Qhov thib ob nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab lub coj tsis ncaj muag rau South Kauslim, qhov uas nws xav ua kom tawm rau lub hlau, tab sis, ces twb muag mus rau Tuam Tshoj, nyob qhov twg, raws li zoo raws li lub yav dhau los ib tug, yog nyob rau hauv ib lub ntsiab tsev cia puav pheej. Peb tsis muaj hmoo ntawm tag nrho - nws muag mus rau Kauslim rau demolition, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug yuav, yog li lub cruiser thiab rub cia kom paub meej.

Raws li rau qhov ntau tshaj cov qauv, nws yog tsim nyog hmoog rau lub aircraft carrier "Varyag", uas yog launched nyob rau hauv 1988. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub Soviet Union tsaus muag, nws mus rau Ukraine, uas muag mus rau Tuam Tshoj, nyob qhov twg nws zoo tag nrho, ua kom tiav thiab npaj rau kev siv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws ua hauj lwm rau hnub no nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "Liaoning". Lwm cruiser, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv - yog "Admiral Gorshkov", uas functioned kom txog rau thaum 2004, tom qab uas nws twb muab muag rau Is Nrias teb, qhov uas nws tau raug kho dua tshiab thiab, hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug classic nuclear aircraft carrier thiab yog tseem nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog rau cov Indian Navy. Muaj yog ib tug ntau aircraft carrier npe hu ua "Ulyanovsk", uas yuav khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation - nws twb nrhiav tau kuj ntev los no, nyob rau hauv 1998, thiab tau npaj yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav los ntawm 1995. Txawm li cas los, nws tseem yuav tau mus ntsiag to ua hauj lwm hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Navy, tab sis lub project twb tso tseg ua ntej nws yuav ua kom tiav, tab sis hais tias nws twb tau koom ua ke, rhuav rov qab mus rau lub hlau. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis tau txais lub Navy thawj nuclear aircraft muaj ntawm Russia.

"Admiral Kuznetsov"

Tab sis yog nws tag nrho cov nuclear aircraft muaj Russia? Txheej txheem cej luam tsis xaus no, vim hais tias koj yuav tsum tau saib ib daim ntawv luam uas yog tam sim no lub tsuas tshua afloat thiab nyob rau hauv lub Navy. Yuav ua li cas yog no nkoj? Qhov no Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" - lub xwb nkoj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy, uas yuav tsum tau dej num raws li ib tug aircraft carrier. Txawm li cas los, lub nuclear aircraft carrier, nws muaj peev xwm tsuas yog hu ua conditionally, vim nws yog, zoo li lub yav dhau los cov qauv, yog ib tug hnyav aircraft uas yog hnyav aircraft nqa cruiser. Zoo li tag nrho lwm cov aircraft muaj, nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Chernihiv shipyard. Qhov no nkoj twb pw nyob rau hauv 1985, thiab nyob rau hauv 1988 muaj twb tau launched - vim nws tso cai thiab tswj kom pab tau raws li lub Soviet Union thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws tau txais nws lub npe tsuas yog tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, ua ntej ntawd, nws twb muaj ob peb cov npe txawv. Chiv, nws tau muab lub npe "Riga", ces nws twb renamed mus rau "Leonid Brezhnev", ces ua "Tbilisi", thiab xwb ces twb yug los Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov". Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm lub nkoj, uas mus rau hnub tim yog lub xwb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Navy Russia?

Kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub nkoj

Raws li koj tau pom, tsis abound nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ntawm Navy nuclear aircraft muaj ntawm Russia. Specifications tsuas hnyav aircraft carrier, txawm li cas los, tej zaum yuav ntawm kev txaus siab. Yog li ntawd qhov no yog ib tug zoo nkauj impressive nkoj xaav - ntau tshaj li rau caum txhiab tons. Nws ntev yog 306 meters, dav - xya caum meters, thiab lub qhov siab ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes - 65 meters. Cua ntsawj ntshab yuav tsum yog los ntawm yim rau kaum meters, nrog ib tug tshaj plaws xaav, nws nce mus txog 10.4 meters. Reservation ntawm lub nkoj yog ua los ntawm kuav los tiag steel, txheej txheem sib tshooj tsev nyob ntxiv compartments. Torpedoes nkoj los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv 4.5 'meter' trilayer tiv thaiv - armor txheej yog muaj peev xwm nkag mus kawm nrog tus nqi hloov lwm lub tsev 400 kg ntawm TNT. Raws li rau lub xyaw, yog tsim nyog yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias siv chetyrehvalnaya boiler thiab turbine technology, uas tsis tau thov mus rau tag nrho-fledged nuclear aircraft muaj. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kev cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qhuav, plaub chav turbine ntxiv txog li ntawm 200,000 leej horsepower, turbo-generators ua 13 thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab kilowatts, thiab diesel generators - cuaj txhiab kilowatts. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis ntsoov teev Mover, uas muaj plaub tsib-hniav propellers. Yuav ua li cas ua li ntawd tag nrho rau ib tug tag nrho ntawm? Nyob rau hauv sum, peb tau lub siab tshaj plaws kev ceev ntawm 29 cov pob caus ntawd, piv txwv li 54 kilometers moos. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis ntsoov teev yog sib ntaus sib tua ib qho nyiaj txiag thiab nqi nqi - tus thawj ntawm 18 cov pob caus ntawd, thiab lub thib ob - 14.

Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yuav caij nkoj no nkoj tsis muaj refueling? Cruising ntau, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv lub ceev: rau siab kawg ceev ntau yog 3850 nautical mais ntawm yig ceev sib ntaus sib tua - ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li xya thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab nautical mais, thaum lub sij hawm nyiaj txiag npaum li cas - luag yim thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab nautical mais. Txawm li cas los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb mus yog tseem xam tau tias yog cruising, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no nkoj yog plaub caug tsib hnub. Cov neeg coob ntawm no nkoj muaj ib tug me ntsis tsawg tshaj li ob txhiab tus neeg. Qhov no tshwm sim, uas yuav yooj yim tshaj tus niaj hnub nuclear aircraft muaj ntawm Russia. Nta nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nteg ib co peb caug xyoo dhau los, thiaj li muaj tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau xav tsis thoob. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua, koj yuav kawm txog cov xwb nuclear aircraft carrier, nyob niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy.

weaponry

Muab lub fact tias qhov no nkoj yog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua, nws yog nqa mus rau ib tug loj set ntawm ntau yam riam phom, nws yog hais txog nws tam sim no thiab yuav tau los sib tham. "Admiral Kuznetsov" boasts navigation "Beysur" system, uas tso cai rau nyiaj pab ntau tshaj tswj hluav taws. Ua ntej xav tias cov cuab yeej ncaj nraim, yuav tsum coj ib tug saib kuj nyob rau ntawm lub radar pab kiag li lawm - lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lub nkoj txaus. Nyob rau board muaj xya txawv ntau nrhiav kom tau radars, raws li zoo raws li ob tug aircraft tswj chaw nres tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd xyuam xim rau cov electronics - on board muaj yog ib tug kev sib ntaus los ntaub ntawv kev tswj system "lumberjack" complex sib txuas lus "Buran-2", thiab ntau dua.

Zoo, tam sim no koj yuav tau them xim rau hauv tej caj npab - nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev rau anti-aircraft phom, tsim los rau 48 txhiab tus neeg zoo li. "Granite", 4 anti-aircraft missile, "Dirk" complex thiab plaub launchers "dagger" los ntawm ib tug missile rau lub rooj tsavxwm hauv lub nkoj yog 12 launchers. Muaj lub nkoj thiab cov qauv ntawm cov nres los yog tiv thaiv tawm tsam submarines - ob reactive complex, tsim los rau caum tej tawg hem.

huab cua pab pawg neeg

Peb kuj yuav tsum saib cov aircraft-nqa tivthaiv specifications. "Admiral Kuznetsov" yog tsim los rau tsib caug aircraft, uas yuav tsum tau nqa on board. Ntxiv mus, nws twb assumed tias muaj kuj yuav tam sim no thiab helicopters. Txawm li cas los, cov kev muaj tiag muab tawm ib tug me ntsis txawv, thiab rau hnub tim rau lub nkoj ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb caug aircraft, feem ntau ntawm uas yog cov Su-33 thiab Mig-29K.

Kev npaj rau lub neej yav tom ntej

Tab sis dab tsi ntxiv? seb tshiab nuclear aircraft carrier Russia tshwm sim? Los yog, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, "Admiral Kuznetsov" yuav yog tus xwb tus neeg sawv cev? Kaum xyoo dhau los, tus Russians muab tso rau lawv cov kev cia siab rau hauv lub tuaj kho nqi lus ntawm txoj cai, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 2009. Raws li nrog rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation kev kawm ntawv, thiab kaum xyoo dhau los, tus tsoom fwv tsis muaj tej kev pab them nqi rau no ya ntawm cov tub rog ua lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub ntsiab competitor, lub tebchaws United States, launches nws kaum full-fledged nuclear aircraft carrier. Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 2009? Nws twb pleev xim rau nrog ib lub hom phiaj twb yuav 2020, thiab nuclear aircraft muaj muaj tseem tsis tau pom. Yog li ntawd hais tias ib tug tshiab nuclear aircraft carrier Russia tsis tau nyob tsis txawm nyob rau daim ntawv - nws tshwm sim kom deb li deb xwb nyob rau hauv cov lus, thiab nyob rau hauv xovxwm, es formal tshaj tawm ntawm cov kev tso cai cov neeg.

prototypes

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ua hauj lwm rau tus tsim ntawm aircraft muaj twb yeej raws li nram no, tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab Navy yuav tau txais ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm. Yeej tsis nyob rau hauv 2020. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, qhov chaw tshaj tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv aircraft muaj rau lub Lavxias teb sab lead ua hauj lwm rau lwm lub teb chaws, tiam sis feem ntau yog flashed ib cov lus nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub project yuav zoo li nuclear aircraft muaj ntawm Russia. Diam duab qhia tau hais tias cov layout ntawm lub nkoj, uas yuav nqa ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm aircraft los ntawm xa cov tua ntsiab qauv thiab hloov nws nrog ib tug me me tswj pej thuam.

Medvedev qhia

Txawm li cas los, cov neeg txoj kev cia siab twb revived nyob rau hauv 2015, thaum Dmitry Medvedev kom cov kws muaj txuj ci Ministry yuav pib tsim ib tug siv txoj kev npaj rau nuclear aircraft muaj. Nws yuav ua tau nyob deb deb ntawm ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm rau yog vim li cas hais tias koj twb paub - tas nrho cov ships ntawm no hom nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab txawm lub qub Soviet Union yeej tsis ua. Nuclear aircraft carrier - yog tsis tau tib yam tshaj plaws, uas hnyav aircraft-nqa cruiser, li ntawd, lub tshuab yuav tsum tau siv txawv kiag li. Tab sis, rau nkawv noj, feem ntau optimistic forecasts tau tshaj tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv 2020 tej zaum yuav muaj ib lub hom phiaj los tsim thawj nuclear aircraft muaj, npaj rau lub Lavxias teb sab Navy.