Homologous kabmob: cov piv txwv thiab pov thawj rau evolution

Niaj hnub nimno lom science muaj txaus cov pov thawj los ua pov thawj rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug txheej txheem ntawm evolutionary hloov uas muaj sia nyob. Ib tug ntawm lawv - ib tug homologous kabmob, piv txwv uas yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

pov thawj ntawm evolution

Cov organic ntiaj teb no ntawm peb ntiaj chaw yog tsuas amazing rau nws ntau yam. Tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob yog li txawv hais qhov tseeb qhia txoj kev sib sau ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm yog ib qhov nyuaj. Txawm li cas los, qhov no muaj ntau yam ntawm cov pov thawj. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - yog kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees, uas yog lub nyob ntawm molecules ntawm cov nqaijrog, lipids, carbohydrates thiab nucleic acids. Tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub kingdoms ntawm qhov, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov kab mob, muaj ib tug cellular qauv.

Embryonic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm vertebrates

Hu science ntawm embryology embryonic txoj kev loj hlob. Kev tshawb fawb zaum tau qhia tias thaum ntxov loj hlob ntawm vertebrates tsis txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Notochord, neural raj, lub ntses chaw dim pa slits nyob rau hauv lub caj pas - tag nrho cov nta, muaj cov noog, thiab ntses, thiab tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob no yauv metamorphosis.

Morphological pov thawj rau evolution

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tseeb ntawm lub evolutionary txheej txheem yog kev zoo sib thooj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Qhov no feature yog hu ua morphology. Ib tug piv txwv ntawm kev sib raug ntawm ib tug neeg kawm ntawv ntawm vertebrates yog duckbill. Qhov no tsiaj yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta intermediate ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, cov noog thiab cov tsiaj. Raws li, qhov platypus muaj nta cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv. Piv txwv li, ib tug tsiaj reproduces los ntawm nteg qe. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws coj tau nws cov tub ntxhais uas muaj mis nyuj, zoo li cov tsiaj. Pas ua luam webbed taw, ib tug qauv ntawm cov qhua cov dej los ntawm cov kaus ncauj thiab flattened lub qhov ntswg ua rau nws zoo li ib tug noog. Thiab nws ua ib tug tshuaj lom, zoo li ntau cov tsiaj reptiles.

Homologous thiab zoo sib xws lub cev

Ib txhia ntawm lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub txawv zog, muaj ib qho keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, lub noob taum cog antennae txuas mus rau cov kev pab, thiab cactus spines txo cov kev siv ntawm evaporation ntawm cov dej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ob leeg, cov lug yog ib tug kev hloov kho ntawm cov nplooj. Qhov no tshwm sim muaj ib lub npe - tus homology hauv nruab nrog cev.

Tab sis lub koob barberry thiab pos pos muaj ntau lub hauv paus pib. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub no nws yog lub sab nplooj, thiab lub thib ob - derivative txheej cog cov ntaub so ntswg. Tej lub cev yog hu ua zoo sib xws. Broad tis ntawm ib tug dav dawb hau thiab butterflies kuj muaj ntau lub hauv paus pib. Txawm hais tias nws yog heev yooj yim los mus txiav txim tom ntej glance, txij li thaum tag nrho cov ntawm cov lug muab lub davhlau. Tab sis cov noog yog hloov forelimbs, nrog lawv cov plaub. Thiab cov tis ntawm cov kab yog outgrowths ntawm lub npog. Ntawm cov hoob kawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab tsis koom nyob rau hauv lub davhlau.

Homologous thiab zoo sib xws lub cev yog ncaj qha cov pov thawj ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm qhov sib txawv cov tsiaj. Thiab qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov qauv vim lub adaptation mus txawv yeej thiab lifestyles.

Yuav ua li cas yog hu ua homologous kabmob: piv txwv

Qhov tseem raug piv txwv ntawm homology yog pem hauv ntej vertebrate limb. Whale thiab ntses taub ntswg ntev flippers, noog tis thiab puav, tib neeg txhais tes, ob txhais taw thiab ib tug mole khej ua txawv zog. Tab sis lawv cov qauv yog zoo sib xws. Tag nrho cov no chordate vertebrate forelimbs, uas muaj xws li ntawm peb qhov chaw: hauv lub xub pwg, forearm thiab tes.

Los ntawm homologous tub ceev xwm kuj modifying lub tua ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov sab nraud qauv thiab kev khiav dej num. Lily rhizome tau elongated internodes, qos tuber accumulates ib lub mov ntawm cov dej uas muaj as-ham, thiab cov basal phaj ntawm dos yog lub hauv paus rau kev kho lub fleshy nplooj. Txawm li cas los, homologous kabmob, piv txwv uas peb tau kawm yog raug kev khiav qauv. Tab sis hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov! Xav txog dab tsi yog hu ua homologous kabmob, nws kuj ua tau ib tug piv txwv ntawm kev hloov kho cov hauv paus hniav. Underground cog kabmob muaj peev xwm kuj yuav ho hloov nyob rau hauv sib txawv loj hlob tej yam kev mob. Yog li ntawd, rutabagas thiab carrots ntsiab paus thickens, mov ntawm cov as-ham. Tej qoob loo nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tsis tsim noob. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm lawv aerial kabmob tuag, tab sis nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub underground paus tsob nroj yog yuav los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas rau lub caij. Tej kev hloov kho yog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi tshwm sim tawm ib homologous kabmob. Piv txwv ntawm cov no yog cov - qhov no yog tseem cov huab cua, ua pa thiab clinging rau cov hauv paus hniav.

Thiab nraws npaum licas atavism

Morphological pov thawj ntawm evolution yog tseem vestigial kabmob. Cov no yog cov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj uas yog underdeveloped. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, nws yog tus thib peb daim tawv muag, lub thib ob kab ntawm cov hniav, raws li zoo raws li cov nqaij uas tsiv mus nyob rau pinna.

Tej yam tshwm sim, yam txawv rudiments, yog ib tug throwback. Nws yog ib lub manifestation ntawm cov sijhawm ntawm pog koob yawg koob, yog tsis yog hais rau cov neeg ntawm ib tug muab hom. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm coccygeal tus txha nqaj multimammate, nruam cov plaub hau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov tsiaj, lawv atavism yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hind nqua nyob rau hauv whales thiab nab.

Yog li, homologous kabmob, piv txwv uas tau sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, nrog rau analogies, thiab nraws npaum licas atavism yog morphological pov thawj ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Homologous kabmob hu ua lug uas muaj ib qho kev npaj ntawm cov qauv, tab sis txawv nyob rau hauv lub zog ua. Qhov kuaj pom ntawm ib tug neeg uas muaj npe cwj pwm proves nws keeb kwm los ntawm cov tsiaj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm evolutionary hloov.