Hom ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv. Tsab xov xwm 23 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation"

Tsab xov xwm 23 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation" teev tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, lawv cov yam ntxwv, cov hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj. Tom ntej no, peb tsom xam cov tsab xov xwm thiab qhia ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus.

Cov kev faib lub tsev kawm ntawv mus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib hom

Thaum lub division ntawm tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv qib nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm kev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam yog npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account, xaiv rau cov kev ua ub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub division yog nqa tawm thiab noj mus rau hauv tus account lub hom kev pab cuam. Qhov no yuav ua tau:

1. Basic kev kawm ntawv.
2. ntxiv kev kawm cov kev pab cuam.

Kev kawm ntawv koom nrog ua hauj lwm thiab kev kawm ntawv. Txoj cai muab rau ntau hom kev kawm ntawv qib: plaub uas muaj qhov kev siv ntawm yooj yim kev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam, thiab ob hom, aimed ntawm kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Tag nrho cov tsev uas siv cov kev pab cuam kev kawm ntawv, tseem muab faib ntxiv rau hauv 4 hom:

• 2 hom kev kawm tsev kawm ntawv (kev kawm cov koom haum thiab pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv);
• Ob hom ntawm cov koom haum muab kev pab kev kawm (kev kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv).

Raws li cov RF Law rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 10, 1992 yuav tsum tsuas yog ob tug hom ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lawv tau tsis tau kom meej meej hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Tshwj xeeb kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj tau muab rau cov tsev hom, nws yog lawv lub luag hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Faib thiab cov tsev rau cov kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam ntsuag.

Nta ntawm tsev kaw

Nrog hais txog tshwj xeeb hauv tsev, peb nco ntsoov tias tam sim no renaming lawv nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv koom haum tsis yog yuav los mus tshem tawm lawv.

Txoj cai muab rau cov tsim ntawm lub xeev lub cev ntawm lub RF txuj cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob qhov twg txoj kev kawm yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev kawm tshwj xeeb, nruj heev heev rau lub qhov muag tsis pom, lub rooj sib hais lus zoo, lub hlwb ruamqauj lossis me nyuam lag ntseg, raws li zoo raws li rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog cov teeb meem ntawm lub licas, hais lus mob, tsi txawj has lug thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag noj qab haus huv.

Kawm ua hauj lwm ntawm cov me nyuam uas tsis muaj mob lub cev, raws li yog ua li cas rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb uas yog yoog mus rau cov pawg ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau lub ce ntawm cov kev kawm ua si

Raws li tsab xov xwm 23 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation" muab rau lub hav zoov ntawm plaub variants ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv uas yog tsim nyog rau qhov kev siv ntawm yooj yim kev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam.

Tus thawj ntawm no yog hu ua lub pre-tsev kawm ntawv tsev kawm ntawv - ib lub tsev lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog tu thiab zov me nyuam, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov kev siv ntawm cov kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv rau kev kawm ntawv rau lawv kawm kom.

Lub yim hli ntuj 30, 2013 Kev txiav txim ntawm lub Ministry of Science ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation (№1014) tau pom zoo los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev, raws li uas lub koom haum, thiab nqa tawm rau tag nrho cov kev kawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau theem pib cov kev pab cuam. Lawv xaiv rau pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv no yog tsim rau cov koom haum uas muab kev pab rau cov me nyuam mos, nrog rau cov private kindergartens thiab hnub-mob pab pawg.

Me nyuam tseem yau txoj kev kawm ntawv

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cia siab rau pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv, cov me nyuam yuav tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsev tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov 6 lub xeev uas nyob rau hauv lub pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm lub tsev kho mob, zov me nyuam, pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv, nqa tawm los ntawm 2 lub hlis mus txog rau thaum txiav ntawm lub kev sib raug zoo (nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm 6-7 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog). Cov pawg lwm tsim rau lub realization ntawm lub hom phiaj no tej zaum yuav txhim kho, offsetting, thiab feem ntau tsim lub neej coj txawv.

Kev txiav txim los ntawm lub Ministry of Education Lub kaum hli ntuj 27, 2011 twb pom zoo raws li thov thiab tsis muaj dabtsis. Tsab ntawv sau hnub tim 8 lub yim hli ntuj 2013 lub Ministry of Education Department tswv yim pom zoo uas muaj lub xeev. txoj cai nyob rau hauv nrhiav tau ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv qib uas yog koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm yooj yim kev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam ntawm pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm. Ntxiv mus, tsab ntawv hais txog nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm unified le caag los lub xov tooj ntawm cov me nyuam uas xav tau kev mus xyuas lub pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Muaj, nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv thiab cov tswv yim rau kiag cov tub ceev xwm los tsim ib tug tib ntaub ntawv kev pab "e-line" nyob rau hauv kindergartens. Nws tau raug qhia thiab cov ntsiab lus uas muab cov lus qhia txog cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe (tsab ntawv tsa suab) rau tam sim no lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo. Sau npe nyob rau hauv lub register, cov niam txiv los yog kev cai lij choj sawv cev me nyuam sau nyob rau hauv lub hauv internet daim ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem sau, los yog siv tus kws tawm tswv yim los uo municipality. Koj yuav tau thov tej mus rau lub tso cai lub cev ib daim ntawv rau daim ntawv thov rau ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam lub preschool.

Cov tsab ntawv muaj ib tug pom zoo hais txog cov me nyuam mus kawm ua ntej rau pre-school. Nrog rau qhov no Act, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam lub cib fim mus koom kindergartens thiab tag nrho npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv.

tsev qha ntawv

Educational lub koom haum yog ib lub tsev uas nws thawj aim yog mus ua cov thawj, nrab thiab kawm ntawv theem pib. Lawv tau hauj lwm yog kev kawm mus rau RF tsoom fwv Resolution nyob rau hauv 2001. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tau raug muab rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, tsis tseg upgraded thiab republished, nws tsis tau poob nws quab yuam thiab yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev siv.

Raws li daim ntawv no rau kev kawm ntawv koom haum rank:

• thawj theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv;
• mainstream tsev kawm ntawv;
• theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv;
• Institutions nruab nrab managers nrog nyob rau hauv-tob txog tej yam kev kawm;
• chav xyaum tes taw uas qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev kawm, kev, humanitarian kev taw qhia;
• lycées siv qhov kev pab cuam nruab nrab thiab qhov yooj yim tsim ntawm profiles (kab).

Tseem ntawm Kos duab. 23 ntawm lub RF Law "Nyob rau Kev Kawm Ntawv"

Piav los ntawm txoj cai tsis koom nrog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qhov kev sib faib los ntawm hom ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, uas muab nyob rau hauv-tob (ntxiv) kev kawm menyuam kawm ntawv, ob lub tsev kawm ntawv los yog tsev kawm ntawv, thiab yog li ntawd muaj ib co lus nug ua ntej nws nkag rau hauv cov hlab.

Muaj kev ntshai tias nws tsis muab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntse nruab siab (gifted) cov me nyuam. Tab sis ua tau nws yog tsis yog li ntawd, txoj kev kawm ntawv txoj cai lij choj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation yog aimed ntawm lub tsim ntawm feemxyuam hluas. Txawm li cas los ntawm tus txheej xwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, kev qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim paaj tej yam kev mob rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Ntau hom kev kawm ntawv qib presuppose sib txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv raws li txoj cai, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob ntawm cov nyiaj txiag. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab txoj cai muab rau cov kev hloov thiab classical txais kev xaiv rau nyiaj tau los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub zog (public) kev txiav txim. Tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv sau tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm cov qauv: pej xeem txoj kev kawm ntawv, patriotism thiab muaj peev xwm rau nws tus kheej-kev loj hlob, nws tus kheej-kev txhim kho.

kev kawm

Kev cob qha cov kev kawm lub koom haum yog hais tias yuav ib lub tsev, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauj lwm uas yog kev kawm ua ub no, tshwj xeeb cov kev pab cuam ntawm ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv.

RF tsoom fwv Decree №543 ntawm 18 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2008 regulates cov tsev kawm ntawv qib. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm uas cov post-secondary tsev kawm ntawv sawv tawm:

• qhov kev siv yuav tsum tau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov kev cai, kev txawj ntse thiab kev ncaj ncees txoj kev loj hlob, los ntawm kis ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv;
• kev tsuas xyaus ntawm cov kev ua lag luam tshwj xeeb, muaj theem nrab kev kawm ntawv;
• txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hluas tiam zog ua hauj lwm, kev ua pej xeem, lub luag hauj lwm, muaj tswv yim, nws tus kheej-tso siab;
• kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev cai thiab kev cai coj ncaj ncees ntawm tib neeg.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev cai no qhia rau tej hom kev kawm cov koom haum, nruab nrab managers:

1. College, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim txoj kev kawm kev pab cuam.
2. College, muab nyob rau hauv-tob kawm cov kev pab.

Lub npe ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv

Tshwj Xeeb theem nrab, kev kawm dav dav, ntxiv kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev, los tsim crisp, ntshiab lub npe uas teev nyob rau hauv lub Charter ntawm lub koom haum. Thaum koj hloov tus txheej xwm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tas hloov nws lub npe.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, muaj ntau yam tsev kawm ntawv thiab ntxiv kev kawm ntawv tsev txiav txim rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm lub rooj sib tham rau rename lub koom haum los yog lub ntus ntawm nws Lavxias teb sab lub npe ntawm tus Hero. Xws li ib tug teg num yuav tsum txhawb lub zog tub ceev xwm, tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm, cov pej xeem muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Thaum lub general lub rooj sib tham pov npav yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw, ces muab ib raws tu qauv sau daim ntawv thov mus rau lub zos muaj cai. Tom qab kev saib xyuas ntawm daim ntawv thov raws li tau sau ntawv, yuav txiav txim siab.

Nrog ib tug zoo tshwm sim, lub koom haum ntawm pre-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv, kev kawm ntawv los yog kawm ntawv qib siab ua kev kho me ntsis rau cov kevcai tswj thiab hloov tau lub foob. Lub workbooks neeg ua hauj lwm qhia cov tshiab lub npe.

kawm ntawv qib siab

Xav ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, hom tsev kawm ntawv, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau las mees kawm ntawv qib siab. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm no yog ib qho kev kawm thiab kev ua ub no rau kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tus qauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov kawm ntawv qib siab, maj mam nkag qauv rau txhua tus teb ntawm txoj kev tshawb thiab specialties siab-theem managers.

ntxiv kev kawm ntawv

Ntxiv kev kawm ntawv chaw zov me nyuam tau raug tsim rau lub koom haum ntawm cov kev ua ub no ntawm preschool thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj hnub nyoog cov me nyuam. Kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation yuav muab piav qhia txog kev ua pab pawg, khej, lub voj voog, ntxawg thiab nyiaj txiag cov kev ua ub. Tsis ntev los no, txaus siab nyob rau hauv xws tsev yog nce, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua koog tsev kawm ntawv chaw muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug Center rau Kawm txuas ntxiv, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov khej, lub voj voog, pom tias tus tub hluas dawb.

Cov kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub DLC yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg kawm kev npaj. Pawg Tsim txaus siab, uas muaj hnub nyoog, teb ntawm kev ua si. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kuaj, clubs, clubs, bands, orchestras, studios, theaters: tag nrho cov no yog muaj rau cov me nyuam sab nraum lub tsev kawm ntawv phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub pab pawg neeg ntawm xaiv, ntxiv kev kawm ntawv muaj thiab ib tug neeg cov ntaub ntawv ua hauj lwm.

Ntxiv kev kawm

Tus aim ntawm xws cov koom haum - ua ub no ntawm tshwj xeeb kev pab cuam. Lawv yog cov "Law rau Kev Kawm Ntawv" li nram qab no functions:

1. cov kws muaj txuj pab nyob rau hauv mastering cov lus qhia txog qhov tseeb tau nyob rau hauv science thiab technology, advanced txawv teb chaws thiab domestic kev.
2. Kev cob qhia thiab kev rov qhia dua ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm tsev, cov koom haum, redundant neeg ua hauj lwm, civil tub qhe, poob hauj lwm cov tub txawg.
3. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kws, kev siv kev noj kev haus kev ua ub no.
4. Ib tug tag nrho scientific kev luj xyuas ntawm ib tug neeg tej yaam num, cov kev pab cuam thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv rau lub tuam txhab profile

xaus

Tsab xov xwm 23 ntawm kev cai lij choj "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia" qoos piav tag nrho cov kev faib ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, lawv lub hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj, tshwj xeeb yog nyiaj txiag thiab kev cai lij choj daim ntawv. Teev nyob rau ntawd thiab tej yam kev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Lavxias teb sab cai kov yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm creation ntawm kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev ntau hom thiab hom.