Hom antiseptics, txoj kev siv

Kom txog thaum lub XIX caug xyoo, lub feem ntau ntawm cov kev phais haujlwm twb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob tuag los ntawm cov kev kho mob cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kis kab mob. Qhov zoo ces, xws ib qho zoo tshuaj raws li ib tug antiseptic, tau txo qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm septicopyemia mus rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus. Niaj hnub nimno phais ntse siv ntau hom kev antiseptics, uas peb piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog antiseptic thiab dab tsi yog nws rau?

Hais txog qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog pathogenic microbes purulent txhab guessed ntau ancient cov kws kho mob tsis nco qab li thov lub ntuj cov khoom xyaw nrog anti-inflammatory zog. Txawm li cas los, yeej sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv kev phais mob pib nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua, thaum cov lus Askiv kws kho mob John. Lister luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv uas nws tau piav nws txoj kev qhib puas kho mob uas muaj 5% carbolic acid tshuaj. Txij thaum ntawd los, ib tug tshiab era nyob rau hauv kev phais, qhov twg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj cov tshiab hom antiseptics.

Antiseptic nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ntsiab lus uas txhais tau tias ib co ntawm cov kev ntsuas thiab cov manipulation, lub hom phiaj uas yog los rhuav tshem kab mob thiab lawv cov noob thiab toxins nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab macro-kab. Nrog rau qhov no phais yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb, lub sij hawm "aseptic", uas txhais tau tias ib co ntawm cov kev ntsuas kom tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cov qhov txhab. aseptic hom kev kawm kuj muaj xws li cov kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm kev phais seev thiab accessories. Raws li zoo raws li lub foundations ntawm tshuaj loog thiab cov ntshav pab pawg, qhib phais nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua hom aseptic thiab antiseptic ua ib tug ntawm cov yooj yim kho mob txaav ntawm lub sij hawm. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm cov neeg phais tau ua nce xam tau tias yog kev xyaum tseem pheej hmoo (yuav luag 100% ethyl tuag) ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qab plab thiab lub plab mog.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm antiseptics nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tshuaj

Asepsis, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib yam uas tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev phais thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau kev soj ntsuam ntxiv, txawm li cas los, kev lawm hais tias ib tug tag nrho rejection ntawm aseptic manipulation tsis yooj yim sua. Hom antiseptics nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm txoj kev thiab tus qauv ntawm daim ntawv thov. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, cov xov tooj ntawm hom ntawm antiseptics muaj xws li:

• Neeg kho tshuab antiseptic.
• Lub cev.
• Tshuaj.
• Lom.
• Tov.

Raws li txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm tshuaj thiab lom hom antiseptics raug muab faib mus rau hauv:

• Topically nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev kho mob rau tej kev ib feem ntawm lub cev. Tshuaj pleev antiseptics tej zaum yuav dag thiab sib sib zog nqus. Deg assumes tso quav qhov txhab thiab txhab (ntxuav tshuaj, kev kho mob hmoov, tshuaj pleev, compresses) thiab sib sib zog nqus antiseptic - yog tus thawj coj ntawm ib yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom antiinfective tshuaj los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
• Tag nrho cov, implying saturation Txoj kev lis ntshav cev ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov qog antiseptic npaj (tso dej Txoj kev lis ntshav).

cov neeg kho tshuab antiseptic

Neeg kho tshuab antiseptic tau siv phais seev thiab muaj xws li:

• Ntaub hoob raug mob cov ntaub so ntswg site: ntxuav qhov txhab ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab muaj cov kua paug.
• Preprocessing: yog hais tias tsim nyog, txiav npoo thiab hauv qab ntawm lub qhov txhab, tshem tawm ntawm txawv teb chaws lub cev thiab nonviable cov ntaub so ntswg seem, phais sutures.
• Secondary ua yog ua thaum muaj ib tug kab mob thiab kev raug mob yuav rov incision txhab kua purulent secretion tshem tawm, fibrin thiab tuag cov ntaub so ntswg.

lub cev antiseptic

Lub cev antiseptic muaj xws li txoj kev ntsuas kom tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic microbes thiab lawv cov zaub mov uptake neeg mob tseem ceeb heev ntaub so ntswg. Lub cev antiseptics hom txhab muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov neeg ua hauj:

• Ntxeem tau dej ntaub qhwv rau yog nqus tawm secretion txhab conducive mus microbial kev loj hlob. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm antiseptics muaj xws li: paj rwb, ntaub nplaum, cov ntaub so.
• Hypertonic ntsiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ib tug hnav khaub ncaws.
• Txhuav txhais tau tias hauj lwm rau lub hauv paus ntawm sib txuas lus cov hlab ntsha, txoj kev muaj nyob rau hauv ntxuav lub qhov txhab kua.
• Kev txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ultrasound, ultraviolet, X-ray, laser thiab oxygenation. Tag nrho ntawm cov kev muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic cov kab mob nrog high efficiency.

Tshuaj antiseptic

Los ntawm cov tshuaj antiseptic muaj xws li kev ntsuas ua kom puas cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub qhov txhab thiab tus neeg mob lub cev nrog rau kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj cov neeg ua hauj, cov uas yog:

• Disinfectants yog siv rau cov aseptic tuav ntawm phais seev, flooring chaw, cov phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam ..
• Tshuaj preservatives yog siv rau cov tshuaj pleev daim ntaub ntawv, thiab muaj xws li ntau hom ntawm daim tawv nqaij antiseptics nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov alkali, ntsev dlaws, acids, oxidizers, thiab lwm yam .. D. Ib tug kom zoo dua ntawm xws yog ib tug broad spectrum antibacterial kev ua si, tsis tshua muaj kuj pathogenic microorganisms mus rau yeeb tshuaj, thiab tau ntev cia thiab tsis muaj tseem ceeb sab kev tshua.
• Kws khomob tshuaj siv rau kho los yog tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj thiab hais hluavtaws preservatives. Muaj ib tug suppressive ntxim rau cov microbes yog tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv lub cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus neeg mob, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm nws lub cev. Tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob mob kis tshaj lub site ntawm kab mob. Kws khomob tshuaj yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, tsis tsuas vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov sab spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim (t. E. Muaj peev xwm mus suppress ntau hom kab mob), tab sis lawv nqaim kom pom tseeb.

lom antiseptic

Lom antiseptic muaj xws li txoj kev lom keeb kwm uas yuav tau ua ob qho tib si rau kab mob thiab kov. Lub lom antiseptics muaj xws li:

• Tshuaj tua kab mob muaj kev lom keeb kwm ua los ntawm tej yam kab mob, fungi. Ntau hom kev tshuaj tua kab mob yuav ob leeg muab inhibition ntawm cov kab mob loj hlob, thiab ua rau kom lub teb puas tsuaj ntawm microbes.
• Toxoids ib co kab agents los siv rau cov noj qab nyob zoo rau cov tib neeg los tsim kev tiv thaiv rau tus kab mob.
• Bacteriophage - ib tug kab mob (feem ntau hu eaters kab mob), lub microorganism muaj peev xwm ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov sab hauv.
• Nonspecific immunostimulants (interferons, interleukins).

mixed antiseptic

Ua ke siv cov antiseptic hom kev kawm thiab cov cuab yeej ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm antiseptics nyob rau hauv lub sau ua ib pawg. Yog siv raws li ua ke txhais tau tias:

• Inorganic antiseptics.
• Synthetic analogues lom cov neeg ua hauj.
• Synthetically ua cov ntaub ntawv organic.

Hom antiseptics rau cov ntoo thiab lwm yam kev siv ntaub ntawv

Ntau yam kab mob yuav ua rau hniav lwj thiab decomposition dab, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntaub ntawv, xws li ntoo. Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov ntoo khoom nyob rau hauv sab hauv thiab sab nrauv puas tsuaj los ntawm kab thiab tsev neeg fungi, siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm ntau hom ntawm ntoo preservatives. Lawv yuav ua tau:

• Inorganic antiseptics uas hais nrog ib ntxhia hauv paus thiab hlau salts, zoo puas tag nrho cov kab rau hauv tsab xov xwm ntawm ntoo. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li lub ntsiab ntawm sodium tshuaj fluoride, ammonium silicofluoride thiab sodium silicofluoride thiab ammonium.
• Organic antiseptics - yog tej yam tshuaj lom feem ntau roj raws li (creosote, carbonization, anthracene roj, shale, etc.).
• Ua ke antiseptics muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj tej yam tshuaj lom. Piv txwv: hlorodon, trichlorfon, phenol, karbolenium.