Hnav khaub ncaws. Elastic ntaub qhwv. muaj menyuam tsis taus gauze so

Cov ntaub qhwv - ib lub cuab tam rau thawj pab. Lub keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm yuav tsum havzoov mus rau lub heev earliest lub sij hawm. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 460-377. BC. e. (Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Hippocrates), nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom khov kho kho lub hnav khaub ncaws, nplaum plaster siv, ntau yam cob thiab canvas. Nyob rau hauv 130-200 xyoo. BC. e. Roman tus kws kho mob Galen tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv qhia. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws hais txog ntau yam kev kawm ntawm ntaub nplaum sib tshooj.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Kev siv cov ntaub qhwv tau txais loj xim vim mus rau tus thawj tsim tej kev cai ntawm lub Roman Senate. Nws hais tias txhua txhua tug tub rog yuav tsum tau muab ib tug sawb ntawm daim ntaub, uas nws yuav, yog tias tsim nyog, muab thawj pab mus rau koj tus kheej los yog koj lug txhawb cov miv. Nws yog yuav hais tias lub superimposition ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv rau cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev siv nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm. Rau lub hom phiaj no, yuav siv tau cov nplooj thiab nyom, vim hais tias lawv muaj zoo xws li yooj, softness, elasticity thiab smoothness ntawm lub hau. Ib co ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj zoo zog thiab txawm pharmacological nyhuv, piv txwv li, muaj ib tug astringent thiab analgesic nyhuv.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tej nroj tsuag siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tshuaj rau kev thov ntaub nplaum rau lub hnub tam sim no. Cov lawv: ib tug ci dos, plantain, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Lub ncov ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob cov ntaub qhwv hu nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm capitalist ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1476 rau 1492 tau txais ntau tshaj tawm cohesive ntaub qhwv nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua thiab 1 nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua, kev tseem ceeb tau muab rau cov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug ntxeem tau dej txhais tau tias. Fabrication ntawm lub hnav khaub ncaws twb nqa tawm siv ib tug raw khoom uas muaj capillarity. Piv txwv li, hemp, linen thiab hemp, raws li zoo raws li plaub (rastereblennaya rau xov paj rwb khaub hlab). Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo. Lawv tau siv es tsis txhob ntawm gauze, ntxeem tau dej paj rwb thiab lignin.

General kev faib

Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los cov hnav khaub ncaws hom tau tas rau xwb ib ob peb cov ntsiab lus:

• Plasters nyob rau hauv lub coils, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv microbicides rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov phiaj lawm.
• Medical bandages.
• Tas rau kev kho mob hom phiaj.
• Gauze kho mob.

Piv rau lub xyoo dhau los cov niaj hnub ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub qhwv tau ua ntau richer. Qhov no zoo heev favored cov kev loj hlob ntawm loj-scale kws raug nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, raws li zoo raws li lub loj heev Asmeslikas ntawm txawv teb chaws cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam.

Classification los ntawm lub hom phiaj

Conventionally, tag nrho hnav khaub ncaws yuav tsum tau muab faib ua plaub pawg: muaj menyuam tsis taus thiab tsis yog-muaj menyuam tsis taus, yooj yim thiab complex. Txawm li cas los, lawv cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog cov yus zoo - lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv thov. Raws li txoj ntsiab cai no, koj yuav xaiv tau lub xov tooj tom ntej ntawm kev khiav dej num ua los ntawm ntaub nplaum:

• Kom kaw tau lub raug mob nto. Rau lub hom phiaj no, napkins, bactericidal plaster, qhov txhab cov ntaub qhwv, thiab tshaj.
• Compression ntawm extremities los yog kho cov pob qij txha.
• Rau kho cov hnav khaub ncaws.
• Compression txheej.

Yuav Tsum yuav tsum tau rau tej yam zoo ntawm hnav khaub ncaws rau kaw cov qhov txhab - muaj menyuam tsis taus.

khoom nta

Qhuav ntawm hnav khaub ncaws tau tshaj rau ib tug tshiab theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ua tsaug rau cov emergence ntawm niaj hnub technologies. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov tau txais Elastomeric, perforated nrog ib tug nonwoven ntaub qauv, uas yog raws li nyob rau kev siv ntawm polymer compositions thiab nws yog xim hlau coatings. Cov kev siv uas niaj hnub ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tso cai rau peb kom peb daws tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nram qab no paub tab:

• Moog ib siab Performance index ntawm antimicrobial kev ua si.
• Ntev lub sij hawm ntawm validity.
• Lub siab haum muaj peev xwm ua ke nrog zoo breathability, zoo ceev ntawm tso zis thiab capillary kev txiav txim.
• Atraumatic.
• Stability ntawm lub antimicrobial cov neeg ua hauj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm hluav taws xob thiab chav kom tsis muaj menyuam.

Yuav ua li cas mus xaiv: tshuaj Hmoob los yog niaj hnub cov ntaub qhwv thiab txhais tau tias?

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no qhov teeb meem yog tsuas rhetorical. Cov kev siv uas niaj hnub ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsim paaj tej yam kev mob rau ntau sai kho ntawm cov qhov txhab. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, insures los ntawm hnyuj hnyo rau qhov raug mob nto cirrhosis. Cov ua rau lawv feem ntau yog lus dag nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev kaw ntawm lub qhov txhab los ntawm cov pa ntaub qhwv.

Raws li rau tus nqi no, qhov txawv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov niaj hnub thiab tib lub cov ntaub ntawv uas yog heev palpable. Hais tias qhov no sib cav yog tej zaum muab nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus tom kawg. Txawm li cas los, thaum nws los txog rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv, tus nqi yog tsis ib txwm txiav txim siab zoo tshaj rau cov kev xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev xyaum qhia, kev siv uas niaj hnub kho mob cov ntaub ntawv ntau nqi-zoo piv rau pa. Lawv twb vim qis efficiency yuav tsum tau siv ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm. Qhov no daim ntawv qhia yuav suav hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau yam los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub paj rwb-gauze ntaub nplaum:

• Ntxhuav qauv ua ib tug ua kom muaj tus mob hu cov ntaub ntawv uas hais. Lawv ua cov ntaub so ntswg voos thiab tiv thaiv tau nws sai kho.
• Gauze yog ib tug zoo mesh khoom uas muaj zog massoemkostyu. Cov yam ntxwv nta ua lub kev loj hlob ntawm kab mob nyob rau hauv lub qhov txhab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv ua tau kom ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm tej huab cua thiab dej pa permeability nyob rau hauv lub ntaub qhwv. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog tshwm thaum ua ntawv thov ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Thaum zoo li no tus txheej txheem no ncua txhab epithelialization thiab Granulation, thiab raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, nws zoo lub sij hawm yuav ntev.
• Adhesion, los yog ntau tshaj tsuas so - lwm rho tawm cov kev siv ntawm gauze bandages. Lub fact tias cov impregnated mob kua, lawv thiaj thaum qhuav. qhov txhab Granulation tshwm sim los ntawm lub hnav khaub ncaws, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug raug mob mus rau ib tug tshiab qhov chaw thiab qhov mob ntawm kev tshem tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws suffers thiab surrounding daim tawv nqaij. Nws kuj ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau mob thiab qeeb lub zuag qhia tag nrho rov qab txheej txheem.
• Tej qhov nqaij ntuag thiab napkins feem ntau yog nruab nrog ib tug ob peb daim rau hauv lub hnab. Thaum nws qhib lub kab no yog tus ua ntej. Thaum tus so ntawm no zoo yog poob lawm.
• Yuav kom nce lub haum thiab muab txoj cai loj gauze muaj yuav tsum tau txiav thiab ces folded nyob rau hauv ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Qhov no txoj kev txhaum lub antimicrobial thiab ua rau ib txhia tsis xis nyob rau tus neeg mob.
• Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho tau qhov paj rwb-gauze ntaub qhwv rau hauv ib lub qhov txhab, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug pab fastening. Qhov no ua rau ntau heev siv cov nyiaj ntsuab thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv manipulations.

Yog li, txoj kev siv cov pa, tsoos ntaub ntawv ua ntev txheej txheem ntawm lub qhov txhab kho neeg mob. Ib tug zoo lwm txoj yog cov niaj hnub cuab yeej uas yog devoid ntawm tag nrho cov drawbacks piav saum toj no. Paub cov ntaub qhwv yog atraumatic coatings uas muaj absorbency. Lawv fixation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw txiav los ntawm txoj kev ib tug hypoallergenic nplaum.

Qhov zoo ntawm niaj hnub khoom

• Ntaub nplaum yog pob tshab los yog uas tsis yog-woven, zaj duab xis los luj, uas tso cai rau koj mus saib xyuas cov kev kawm tau ntawm lub qhov txhab kho neeg mob.
• Dej resistant - lwm ntxiv. Tus neeg mob muaj lub peev xwm coj dej kev kho mob tsis muaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm dej nkag mus rau lub qhov txhab.
• Txhim khu kev qha fixation.
• Niaj hnub nimno hnav khaub ncaws tsis ua raws li lub qhov txhab nto, thiab tsis ua mob rau nws.
• Tshem tawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb meem loj txim rau tus neeg mob.
• Self-nplaum ntaub nplaum ntawm cov kho rau lawv tus kheej thiab tsis yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov nyiaj.
• Muaj sorbent uas tsis yog-tus kua ntswg uas sau qhov txhab exudate.
• Superimposed hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv lub qhov txhab los ntawm tau txais ib theem kab mob thiab cov neeg kho tshuab stimuli.
• Hypoallergenic muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• High nqi ntawm huab cua thiab dej pa permeability los mus tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm maceration.
• Niaj hnub nimno hnav khaub ncaws npaj los siv thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj kev kawm.
• Tua.
• Packing yooj yim qhib.

Kev kho mob ntaub

Gauze - qhov no canvas nrog ib tug tsis tshua muaj, network qauv. Nws muaj ob hom: mob heev thiab bleached hygroscopic. Cov nyob rau hauv lem yog muab faib ntxiv mus rau hauv ob ntau hom kev: ntshiab paj rwb nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm viscose staple webs (nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 50% paj rwb 50% rayon thiab 70% paj rwb 30% rayon). Lub ntsiab sib txawv raws li nram no: paj rwb absorbs cov kua rau 10 vib nas this, thaum lub gauze viscose nrog ib tug admixture ntawm ua ib yam nkaus rau 60 vib nas this, uas yog 6 lub sij hawm qeeb qeeb.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov viscose yog ib tug high dej-tuav peev xwm, muaj zog muaj peev xwm mus nqus txhab exudate, thiab ntau dua cov nqi ntawm haum ntawm cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los, muab piv rau paj rwb gauze viscose analogue zuj zus nws yuav tshuaj. Thiab tom qab rov ntxuav txo suction muaj peev xwm. Los ntawm lub dag lub zog kauj paj rwb hnav khaub ncaws 25% tshaj tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nrog ib tug impurity viscose. Tab sis capillarity nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hom yog kwv yees li tib yam, nws yog nruab nrab ntawm 10-12 cm / hr. Raws li cov neutrality ntawm kev kho mob gauze tib yuav tsum raws li nyob rau hauv ntaub plaub. Cov ntaub ua uas txheem qhov ntev web dav - 69-73 cm, ntev ntawm 50 mus rau 150 m nyob rau hauv lub piece.

Rau cov uas tsis yog-tus qauv ua hauj lwm zoo thiab cov ntaub qhwv ua txiav ntawm 3 daim. nyob rau hauv ib lub pob. txhua ntev yog 10 m thiab lub dav - 90 cm. Zoo li wool, gauze kuaj wettability (haum muaj peev xwm), neutrality thiab capillarity.

Cov chav kawm ntawm lub xeem tus ntsuam cov ntaub so ntswg

• Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntsuam xyuas cov wettability, ib txoj kev imbeddability. Rau cov dej no-ntxeem tau dej gauze qauv loj ntawm 5 x 5 cm yog nws txo qis mus rau cov dej saum npoo. Los ntawm kws qauv nws yuav tsum tsis txhob hu rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov hlab mus dhia dej mus rau hauv cov dej rau 10 vib nas this. Swatch cheesecloth yuav tsum tau ua nws nyob rau hauv 60 vib nas this.
• Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas cov hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv lub capillarity, ib tug sawb 5 cm dav ntaub uas nws txo qis nyob ib ncig mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb Petri tais sau nrog ib tug daws ntawm eosin. Tus qauv twb pom tau hais tias muaj dhau lub xeem yog hais tias, tsis pub dhau 60 feeb, cov tshuaj nce los ntawm cov kua theem ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 10 cm.

Tshwj xeeb cov hom ntaub

Muaj ob pawg ntawm gauze, uas muaj ib tug tej yam tseem ntawm kev txiav txim. Etokrovoostanavlivayuschaya thiab hemostatic.

• Haemostatic cov ntaub qhwv tau nyob rau hauv lub ua pa gauze nitrogen oxides. Cov uas ua ntaub tsis yog tsuas yog kom txhob cov ntshav, tab sis yog kiag li absorbed nyob rau hauv lub qhov txhab rau ib lub hli. Nws yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm napkins nyob rau hauv loj 13x13 cm.
• Hemostatic ntaub. Nws comprises cov calcium ntsev ntawm acrylic acid. Nws kuj nres cov ntshav (ib tug nruab nrab ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 5 feeb), tab sis nws tsis daws. Nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tampons, napkins thiab khoom. Siv hom tsim txog li 15% cov nyiaj khaws tseg.

Gauze ntaub qhwv nws ob txhais tes

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ua ntej koj pib siv, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv nws cov neej yav tom ntej me me. Standard hnav khaub ncaws, uas yog muag nyob rau hauv pharmacies, muaj ib tug ntev ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 15 cm thiab qhov siab 5 cm. Yog hais tias cov khoom no yog npaj rau ib tug me nyuam, ces nws loj nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Piv txwv li, rau cov me nyuam mus txog 6 xyoo yuav txoj kev ntaub qhwv ntau thiab tsawg 10 x 4 cm, tab sis yuav siv tau rau ib tug neeg laus version ntawm tus menyuam. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom lawv tus kheej cov khoom nyob rau hauv koj lub ntsej muag, koj yuav tsum tau:

• Lub ya loj 17 x 7 cm ntawm lub ntxeem tau dej ntaub - 4 pcs.
• Ib tug nqaim sawb ntawm lub ntaub qhwv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 2 daim. Qhov ntev yuav tsum txog 60-70 cm, dav 5 cm.

Tom qab tag nrho cov tsim nyog hais rau yav tom ntej cov khoom yuav tsum npaj kom txhij, koj muaj peev xwm pib zus tau tej cov gauze bandages. Cov nram qab no yog ib tug kawm.

• Peb yuav tsum coj lub ntaub qhwv sawb thiab yob nws mus rau hauv 3 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
• Ces xaws nrog cov npoo ntawm ib tug tshuab xaws los yog los ntawm txhais tes nyob rau hauv me me leeg.
• Rov qab kev txiav txim nrog ib tug thib ob ntaub qhwv.
• Tom qab ntawd, lub workpiece yog tsim nyog rau ib lub sij hawm rau muab tso rau ib sab thiab pib txiav tawm lub gauze. Plaub nrov plig plawg yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua ua ke thiab sheathe tag nrho ntev.
• Ces, lub resulting ntug ntawm lub duab plaub uas koj yuav tsum rhais hauv ib centimeter thiab scribbling dua.
• Tam sim no, thaum tag nrho peb qhov chaw koj tau npaj, lawv yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb hnav khaub ncaws. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, cov ntaub so ntswg nrog tus duab plaub yuav tsum xaws ob tug hlua: ib - los ntawm lub sab saum toj, thiab lwm yam nyob rau sab sab. Yog li ntawd gauze ntaub qhwv yog ua rau lawv tus kheej txhais tes.

Stretchable kho khoom

• Elastic ntaub qhwv siv rau fixation. Nws yog ua los ntawm paj rwb gray xov. Los ntawm kev ncab lub ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau raws li nruj uas yuav tsum tau - nws yuav tsum tau muaj yam tsawg 50%. Ua ntaub qhwv txheem ntau thiab tsawg pab. Length - 3 m, dav - 10 cm 5 los yog elastic ntaub qhwv ntawm pawg no muaj ib tug siab zog. Khoom nrov plig plawg 5 cm tiv ib tug load ntawm tsawg kawg yog 30 kgf. Cov pob 18 yog qhwv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib daim ntawv lo cov khoom dav ntawm 10 cm los yog 36 daim ntawm 5 cm.
• Elastic ntaub qhwv (tubular) ua ib tug yam ntxwv raws li nws cov knitted counterpart. Txawm li cas los, cov saum toj no thawj extensibility rau 800%. Qhov no hom ntawm ntaub qhwv hais txog "tepermat" qeb, uas txhais tau tias "knitted elastic bandages." Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug Elastomeric xov uas braided x / paj rwb xov paj thiab hluavtaws fibers. Vim lub mesh qauv ntawm elastic fixation ntaub qhwv tsis tabkaum cua kev thiab saib xyuas cov kab mob qhov chaw. 7 yuav muaj ntau tus xov tooj tes tsho dav: 75, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20 thiab 10 hli. Luj ntawm 1 sq. m yog 280, qhov kev siv ntawm tubular khoom tej yam ntaus cov ntaub qhwv thiab tom qab lub sij hawm. Lawv ntxuav nqa tawm ntawm ib tug kub tsis ntau tshaj li 40 ° C tsis muaj kev siv ntawm cov khoom cua txhais tau tias. Tom qab nws yog ua li cas yaug nyob rau hauv dej sov. Nyem qhov tshaj noo noo, siv phuam da dej. Sib ntswg ntaub nplaum tsis tsim nyog.

lwm cov khoom

Gauze yog ib lub nrov plig plawg ntawm lub tais nyob rau hauv ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm ntxeem tau dej cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntug ntawm tsab xov xwm qhwv nyob rau hauv sab hauv sab, yog li ntawd cov xov yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub mob. Muaj xws li cov khoom nyob rau hauv peb ntau thiab tsawg pab: me me - 14 x 16 cm, medium - 33 x 45 cm, loj - 70 x 68 cm.

Me tsis yog-muaj menyuam tsis taus cov khoom yog tau ntim los ntawm 100 thiab 200 units. nyob rau hauv ib tug pob. Napkins daim ntau quav tso menyuam tsis taus gauze rau 40 pcs. Tsis-muaj menyuam tsis taus cov khoom yog tau ntim raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm 100 units. nyob rau hauv ib lub pob. Muaj menyuam tsis taus - 10 daim teem. Unsterile loj cov ntaub so yog muaj nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 50 daim. nyob rau hauv ib lub pob. Muaj menyuam tsis taus cov ntawm no lub pab pawg neeg - 5 pcs. Txhua daim ntaub yog tau ntim rau hauv parchment daim ntawv. Nyob rau wrapper tas qhia qhov luaj li cas, tus xov tooj, chaw tsim tshuaj paus lub npe thiab hnub uas siv thiab ua.

ua

Kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm kev kho mob cov ntaub qhwv ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb factories. Tom qab hais tias, lub bacteriological laboratory lawv mus kuaj antibacterial. Kev npaj ris tsho mus kev ntxiv kev siv yog nqa tawm rau 45 feeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb boiler. Lub sab hauv kub yog 120 ° C. Tom qab hais tias, lub tshuab-nyob rau hauv Bix hnav khaub ncaws. Cov hlau thawv lawv tseem yuav tsum tau muaj. Yog hais tias Bikse ib lim, hauv lub purity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - yam tsawg kawg 8-10 hom hnub.

Cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau

Cia cov ntaub qhwv kuj yuav nqa nyob rau hauv cov thawv ntoo muab tso nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav, feem ntau ventilated cheeb tsam, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm nas thiab hmoov av. Tsis-muaj menyuam tsis taus cov khoom muaj cai muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug unheated chav tsev. Txawm li cas los, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum ruaj khov, tsis muaj hesitation. Nws kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob ya raws thiab tsim los ntawm fungi, pwm. Rau cov koom haum ntawm txoj cai cov ntsiab lus muaj menyuam tsis taus ntaub nplaum Tshuag lawv yuav tsum tau pw tawm nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm tus txheej txheem. Vim hais tias tom qab 5 xyoo, yog hais tias tus meej mom ntawm lub ntim tseem tsis tau tawg, cov khoom yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam txog kev xaiv antibacterial. Yog hais tias lub ntim yog qhib los yog moistened, cov khoom, uas muaj nyob hauv nws yog tsis dawb huv.