Hluav Taws tactics: kev txiav txim txoj kev thiab nta

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav ua ib lo lus nug ntawm science, kawm lawv tus kheej hluav taws kub, lawv qhov chaw, kev kawm thiab txoj kev, cov qauv ntawm firefighting. Lub npe ntawm qhov kev qhuab qhia - hluav taws tactics. Cia peb nyob rau ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus, cov hom phiaj, txoj kev, algorithms, xav txog qhov yooj yim mis ntawm lub chav kawm.

ntsiab txhais ntawm kev qhuab qhia

Hluav Taws tactics - yog science uas kawm cov kis ntawm cov hluav taws kub raws li zoo raws li lub txoj kev los nrog lawv, yuav ua li cas cawm neeg. Cov kev kawm ntawm saib xyuas no yog ob tug - kev kawm brigade tua qhov hluav taws kub thiab ncaj qha quenching.

Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob hauv cov kev qhuab qhia - cov cim ntawm tej yam qauv zoo npaj tua, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua thiab cawm cov neeg raug. Raws li, tus kwv uas hluav taws tactic yuav tsim ceev thiab npaum txoj kev extinguishing hluav taws kub.

Qhov no kev qhuab qhia no yog tsim los rau cov scientific thiab methodological theem, qhov hluav taws kub brigade kev txiav txim rau kev pab cawm dim thiab hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua.

Lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia

Hluav Taws extinguishing hluav taws kub tactics pursues nram qab no cov hom phiaj:

• Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej qauv ntawm cov hluav taws kev vam meej.
• Familiarization nrog lub algorithm ua raws li ib tug tua hluav taws extinguishing thiab nqa tawm yam cawm hauj lwm.
• Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov feem ntau muaj kev vam meej txoj kev ntawm lub koom haum ntawm qhov hluav taws kub brigade.
• Kev txhim kho kev kawm, ob qho tib si tactical thiab puas siab puas ntsws garrison ntawm tag nrho cov muab kev koom tes - thiab lwm yam, thiab cov kev taw qhia.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm creation, vib this

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov hluav taws kub kev pab cuam thiab lwm cov neeg zoo li nws, thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam yaus ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tactics yog qhov hluav taws kub kev nyab xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem. Cov yav tas yog subdivided rau hauv hluav taws kev tiv thaiv thiab sib ntaus nrog lawv, thiab nws ob tivthaiv - los npaj rau qhov kev txiav txim thiab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muab tawm qhov hluav taws kub. Hluav Taws tactics tsim los mus txiav txim yuav ua li cas lub ntsiab vectors ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm rau yav tom ntej firefighters thiab tswj cov kev ua ntawm lub brigade yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub "sib ntaus sib tua".

Nrog rau vib this los ntawm hluav taws kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum paub nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm GOST 12.1.004-91. Txoj kev ntawm kev soj ntsuam txog nrog hluav taws, peb tsom xam nyob rau hauv kom meej hauv qab no. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov tau ntsib nrog rau cov yooj yim cov ntsiab lus, uas ua hauj lwm tej phau ntawv nyeem nyob rau hluav taws tactics.

Basic terminology ntawm kev qhuab qhia

Hluav taws kub yog tej uncontrolled combustion, lub scale ntawm uas yuav cuag rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm tej khoom thiab phomsij lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Yog yus muaj los ntawm nws cov plaub lub ntsiab tsis:

• combustion siv;
• hais tawm cheeb tsam;
• tshaj tawm los ntawm hais tawm ntawm hluav taws;
• hlawv.

Hotbed ntawm hluav taws yog qhov chaw ntawm lub feem ntau mob siab heev combustion. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm tas mus li:

• evolution ntawm tshav kub, txaus los pab txhawb combustion;
• roj mov / roj;
• Cua los yog lwm yam oxidant txaus.

Localization ntawm qhov hluav taws kub - nws yog ib txoj kev nrog nws, limiting tus burning cheeb tsam. Quenching - nws yog lub tshem tawm ntawm ib tug tua hluav taws, qhov kawg theem uas yuav ua tau ib tug ua tiav tas ntawm burning.

Nrhiav thiab ces tshem tawm cov tactics ntawm hluav taws kev tiv thaiv tshav kub qhov yuav ua tau ob txoj kev - cua txias lub hlawv khoom mus rau ib tug kub ntawm uas lawv tiv cav tseb yuav tsis yooj yim sua los yog dividing reactive Cheebtsam. Rau cov hom phiaj, siv tshwj xeeb extinguishing agents, uas yog muab faib ua peb yam:

• txias - dej los yog ntau yam aqueous lub ntsiab;
• diluting lub reacting tshuaj rau ib leeg - cov atomized dej mob los yog dej vapor, inert gases;
• cais los ntawm lub combustion qhov chaw - tshwj xeeb quenching hmoov, foams - tshuaj thiab cua-mechanical, sheetings, uas tsis yog-combustible hmoov thiab li ntawd.

Lub tactics ntawm tua hluav taws

Soj ntsuam cov nram qab no algorithm:

1. Txais tos, ua qhov teeb meem tsab ntawv ceeb toom.
2. Mus saib lub brigade thiab nws ua raws li qhov chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.
3. Kev tshawb kawm txog lub scene.
4. Lub complex ntawm tej hauj lwm tswj extinguishing qhov hluav taws kub.
5. Deploy rau hauv yuav tsum tau kev pab ntxiv manpower thiab cov kev pab.
6. Lub tiav tshem tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.
7. Cov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb ua hauj lwm.
8. Collection crews, khoom siv, rov qab mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov txiag ntawm lub garrison.

Tam sim no tau ntsib nyob rau hauv kom meej nrog cov tactics, lub tswv yim thiab hluav taws txawj ntse kab lis kev cai.

Hluav Taws txawj ntse

Los txo cov txawj ntse muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev kawm uas yuav tsum tau - timeliness, kev cia siab, kev ua, purposefulness thiab laaj. Thaum lub sij hawm nws pab neeg yuav tsum tau ua txoj kev pab raws qib uas nyob txoj kev vam meej ntawm extinguishing qhov hluav taws kub:

• Nrhiav cov neeg, rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev hem thawj rau lawv lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv, raws li zoo raws li qhia qhov tseeb cuam tshuam rau txoj kev ntawm txoj kev cawm seej.
• Yuav kom txiav txim tau manifestation ntawm ob tej hluav taws yam.
• Txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws scale, hlawv cov ntaub ntawv, kev ceev thiab nplaim taws kis paths.
• Nrhiav qhov twg tau vaj tse thiab sib hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub cov kwv.
• Nrhiav hluav taws xob, nyob rau hauv voltage, los mus txiav txim tau thiab txoj kev lawv disconnection los ntawm lub hwj huam mov.
• Coj ib lub nyuag tsom xam ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov lug, lawv lub zog thiab durability; qhia tau qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov disassembly los yog qhib.
• Txiav txim seb rog brigade tuaj txog haum thiab technology rau localization thiab liquidation ntawm hluav taws, yog hais tias tus hu yuav tsum tau reinforcements.
• Xaiv ib tug decisive kev taw qhia thiab peripheral kev ua ntawm txoj kev.

Phau ntawv rau cov hluav taws tactics nyob rau hauv lub "tshawb kawm" ntxiv hov tsom xam cov uas cov tub ntxhais kawm rau tej yam xws li:

• xeem nchauv tej qhov chaw;
• kuaj lub cev uas tau tuag kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam Siv rau tso yuav khiav tawm txoj;
• complex ruaj ntseg ntsuas thaum lub sij hawm tshawb nrhiav.

hluav taws kub extinguishing tactics

Nrog rau cov localization ntawm hluav taws ntsiab rog tswj tsim ib tug rau - extinguishing chaw. Lawv muab faib raws li lawv functionality:

• tua;
• kev tiv thaiv;
• mus cawm tus neeg raug, thiab lwm yam

Yuav kom kawm tiav rau qhov hauj lwm ua ntej mus txog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm teeb meem garrison, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov yog vector decisive kev txiav txim. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim raws li nram no:

• Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub neej los yog kev noj qab nyob ntawm tus neeg, ces lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau txoj kev cawm seej.
• Yog hais tias qhov muaj mob ntawm cov hluav taws yuav ua rau ib qho kev tawg los yog lub cev qhuav dej, lub dag lub zog ntawm qhov hluav taws kub brigade yog focused rau kev tiv thaiv no puas ntsoog.
• Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug uas yuav ntawm nplaim hais tawm nyob rau hauv lub deb vaj tse thiab chaw untouched lawv, tus thawj txiav txim ntawm hluav taws ua lag ua luam yuav tsum tiv thaiv kom txhob no thiab tej zaum yuav tsim kho lub raug mob neeg yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas puas tsuaj.
• Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntawm cov kis ntawm cov hluav taws los lwm yam, qhov hluav taws kub brigade throws lawv lub ntsiab rog rau cov localization ntawm cov feem ntau mob siab heev hluav taws kub.
• Yog hais tias them los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tsev yog tsis yog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas tus nqi, tab sis muaj ib tug tau hais tias cov nplaim taws yuav kis mus rau ib sab vaj tse thiab lug, lub garrison yog feem ntau ua rau hluav taws kub tiv thaiv ntawm lub yav tas.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws kub yuav tsum tau paub txog cov nram qab no:

• pub txhais tau tias, ua hauj lwm nrog ntau extinguishing agents;
• pub txhais tau tias kom ntau qhov chaw - cellars hlawv nto, voids ntawm sib tshooj, etc., yeej pub ua npuas ncauj ;.
• txoj kev tso hose kab;
• nta thiab kev nyab xeeb kev cai rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug nchauv tej qhov chaw.

Basic Formula hluav taws tactics

Rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov hluav taws tawm twv ua ntej qauv siv cov nram qab no qhov tseem ceeb:

V _L - tus nqi ntawm linear tshaj tawm los ntawm hais tawm ntawm combustion;

_p t - lub sij hawm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub;

t _Xauv - lub sij hawm hluav taws localization;

L _n - txoj kev traversed los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.

Nyob rau hauv cov mis sawv cev rau lub rooj defining txoj kev traversed los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thaum lub sij hawm qhov hluav taws kub loj hlob.

Yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov kev traversed los ntawm cov hluav taws los ntawm muaj nyob rau rooj qhib, - L _{DV / n} qhov tseem ceeb thov:

L _n - hluav taws txoj kev:

L _{po / DV} - projection luv los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj rau lub epicenter ntawm ignition mus rau lub ntsug;

L _Lane - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub epicenter ntawm qhov hluav taws kub mus rau lub phab ntsa uas hloov qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws cheeb tsam.

Yog hais tias lub qhov rooj yog nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub hauv cheeb tsam, thaum lub caij nyoog kawg no yuav hloov nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm ib tug rectangular, siv cov mis: L _{DV / n} = L _n - L _{po / DV.}

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv tib tej yam kev mob ntug qhov rooj nws yog nyob rau hauv increments ntawm hluav taws, qhov tsim nyog muab xam: L _{DV / n} = L _n - L _Lane.

Cov mis rau xam hluav taws extinguishing cov neeg ua hauj

Yuav kom xam yuav tsum tau tus xov tooj ntawm cov nyiaj mus rau qhov hluav taws tua cov nram qab no qhov tseem ceeb thov:

_Mp Q - tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv uas;

Q _{tr / t} - nqi ntawm yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau rau quenching;

Q _{tr / s} - nqi ntawm yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv;

S _p - Cheeb Tsam ntawm hluav taws;

S _t - lub cheeb tsam ntawm quenching;

Kuv _TR - pub tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv.

N _{t / pts} - tus naj npawb ntawm pab kiag li lawm rau quenching;

N _{z / pts} - tus naj npawb ntawm shafts rau kev tiv thaiv;

q _stv - noj ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm ib tug lub cev.

Phau Ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov hauj lwm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tactics rau kev txiav txim siab raws li cov qauv:

• Q = Q _{tr tr / t} + Q _{tr / s;}
• Q _{tr / t n} = S x Kuv _MUAB;
• Q _{tr / t} = S _t x Kuv _MUAB;
• Q _{tr / z} = S _n x Kuv _{c / Tp;}
• N _{t / tr stv} = Q _{/ t} / q _pts;
• N _{z / pts} = Q _{tr / s} / q _pts.

Peb tau soj ntsuam cov kev qhuab qhia tsis yog tsuas yog kev kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj suab thov nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov hluav taws brigades. Successful muaj hluav taws kub tactic yuav pab tau sai sai nqa tawm qhov kev tshawb kawm scene thiab tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb ib theem zuj zus ntawm kev ua, nrhiav tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg raug thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev puas tsuaj.