Hlau keeb kwm, vintage thiab niaj hnub irons

Niaj hnub nim khwb no pab tau zoo heev hauv tsev neeg - lawv mob stroke thiab steam, thiab tag nrho qhov no yog ceev ceev thiab yooj yim! Tab sis leej twg tau tsim cov hlau rau thawj zaug? Dab tsi ua lawv tau Ameslikas? Hauv qab tsab xov xwm piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm cov hlau.

Ancient lub sijhawm

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, keeb kwm ntawm hlau pib nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Aztec pab pawg neeg, feem ntau yuav siv tau rau lub hom phiaj no, zoo tib yam lub pob zeb, uas yog muab tso rau hauv cov khaub ncaws thiab sab laug rau ib pliag. Lub pob zeb los ua ib qho xovxwm, thiab cov khaub ncaws raug ua raws li nws qhov hnyav.

Kom cov pob ntseg, peb cov ancestors ncav ib daim ntaub ntub thiab qhuav hauv lub hnub. Cov Greeks nyob rau hauv antiquity tsis tsuas yog smoothed, tab sis kuj creased on cov khaub ncaws. Muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, lawv tsim pleating, thiab cov nyhuv no tau tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm rhuab hlau rods.

Loos siv hlau hammers rau qib siab. Lawv cov nkauj qhe "ncaws tawm" cov plaub hau ntawm ntub cov khaub ncaws. Suav tau siv lub tshuab ntaus hauv lub xyoo pua 4 kom zoo li lub laujkaub ci.

Cov Slavs tsis cia lawv tus kheej mus rau ib qho kev ntsuas. Lawv stroked yam nrog kev pab ntawm ib tug "yob" - ib tug stick nrog ib tug kov - thiab ib tug "cav" - ib tug corrugated board. Khaub ncaws tau qhwv ib qho "wad", thiab nyob rau sab saum toj "rubel", los yog, nws tseem hu ua, "pralok". Los ntawm kev ua li no, tsis yog tsuas npog cov khaub ncaws, tab sis tseem muag nws, vim hais tias muaj ib daim ntaub ntawm coarse ntuj threads.

Cov Nruab Nrab Nrab: Cov hlau ntawm hluav ncaig

Raws li koj tau pom, qhov xav tau rau ib qho cuab yeej ironing yuav luag txhua zaus. Tej zaum txawm cavemen siv sticks los yog cov pob txha rau smooth daim tawv nqaij cia li tua ib tug mammoth.

Hauv Nruab Nrab cov keeb kwm ntawm cov hlau tseem nws cov hoob kawm. Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe lawv siv lub brazier, uas, thaj, tuaj ntawm Suav teb. Sab saum npav kub coals thiab, tuav lub kov, tsav rau ntawm khaub ncaws, smoothing wrinkles. Nws tsis ruaj ntseg los ua qhov no, vim tias cov niag dej ncaim tawm tuaj yeem ua rau ib tus neeg raug mob thiab hlawv cov khoom.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, cov xim brazes hloov cov braziers, lawv kuj hu ua cov hluav taws hlau. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv tau qhib rooj plaub rau cov coals, muaj ib qho kev sib txuas rau saum, thiab qhov me me nyob ntawm ob sab. Ntawm qee leej muaj lub yeeb nkab uas tau muab pov tseg zoo.

Lub qab ntawm lub hlau txias cia ntau qeeb dua tshaj nyob rau hauv lub brazier. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov coals ntawm cov cua txias, lawv thau rau sab qhov. Cov irons tau hnyav heev, tab sis qee zaus nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua viav vias nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv kom zoo rau lub tshav kub. Lub uniformity ntawm cua sov lub substrate yog ensured los ntawm ib tug grate, uas tau tso rau hauv, nyob rau hauv cov coals. Chav irons, tab sis lawv tau yooj yim dua li cov brazier, tseem yog feem ntau poob coals thiab yuav lwj cov ntaub.

Hlau Hlau

Maj mam txhim kho zam thiab hnav. Cov tiab yeej ua ntau dua, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog thinner thiab ntau dua. Kev nruam nrog cov leeg thiab cov khoom phom sij txaus ntshai tsis tsim nyog. Ua ntej, hauv ib chav hlau muab preheated ingot hlau (es tsis txhob ntawm thee). Tom qab thiab hloov tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau cam khwb cia hlau.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau siv qhov ntsuas txog 10 kilograms, vim li ntawd nws tau siv rau cov ntaub npog ntsej muag.

Cov tshuaj me me tau siv rau cov ntaub nyias nyias. Cuffs, kaus mom, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov costumes tau ironed los ntawm ntau yam tailors thiab hlau curlers. Muaj cov hnab looj tes tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb dua cov xim ntawm cov hnab looj tes. Muaj xws li ib tug nplua nuj ntau yam.

Cov hlau txhuam da dej ntawm cov hlau cam yuav tsum tau sov tawm hauv qhov cub los yog hluav taws. Nws kub ntev li ntev, qee zaus txog li ib teev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom muag tau ua tiav zoo li ib yam khoom tsim nyog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj twb ob tug siv irons: ib rhuab, thiab thib ob ironed, uas muab lub sij hawm tseem ceeb nyiaj.

Khoom cam khwb cia tau ua nyob rau hauv Russia mus txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, thiab qhov kawg tso tawm hlau nrog kev hloov ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv rov qab rau xyoo 1989.

Tej hauj lwm ntawm daim duab

Ntxiv nrog rau cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb, ancient irons kuj muaj kev zoo nkauj. Kev tsim cov "aggregate" yog ib txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Cov khoom siv, sab qhov chaw thiab saum ua nyem, feem ntau lawv tau decorated nrog ornaments. Qhov saum npoo twb them nrog lwm cov hlau, piv txwv li, tooj liab, kom muab ntau dua elegance rau cast-iron thaiv.

Rau cov tsev neeg tsis muaj nuj nqis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog IRONS. Lawv kho kom zoo nkauj nrog tooj liab thiab nyiaj hnyav, ntoo ua cov ntoo.

Yuav kom yuav xws li ib tug twj nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ntau. Lawv raug nqi ntau heev thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub neej hauv tsev, dhau ntawm cov niam txiv rau cov me nyuam los ntawm qub txeeg qub teg. Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Ukraine, cov tub muab tso rau tom samovar, ntawm ib lub rooj ntaub pua rooj, qhia lawv zoo li ib qho zoo nkauj los yog duab.

Irons rau cawv

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees hauv lub XIX caug xyoo tau tsim cov tub, ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv nyiaj cawv. Lub thawv ntawv ntim rau hauv lub tshuab ntaus, uas haus cawv hauv qhov dej cawv. Nyuaj leeg hauv cov hlau tau txuas rau ib lub thawv uas muaj cawv. Cov roj nchuav los ntawm lawv sab hauv, tom qab ntawd nws tau raug hluav taws kub thiab hlawv.

Alcohol qauv yog ib qho tshiab tiag. Lawv yooj yim dua, nws tau yooj yim dua los siv lawv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, rau xws li ib tug hlau, koj yuav muab 10 nrum hlau. Tau, thiab tsis muaj leej twg xav txhais cov dej cawv, yog li ntawd lub tswv yim no tsis ua. Ntxiv nrog rau cawv, muaj kerosene irons nrog ib txoj cai zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv Novgorod, Semenov yees ua ib lub tshuab uas sau los ntawm cov dej. On top ntawm nws yog ib tug kettle uas warmed cov dej, thiab lub ib ntawm hlau yog rhuab los ntawm nws.

Cov pa roj

Thaum xaus ntawm XIX xyoo pua, roj tau siv ntau heev. Irons tshwm, uas yog rhuab los ntawm nws combustion. Lub plhaub kheej kheej txuas nrog lub cuab yeej, thiab sab hauv nws tau txuas nrog lub cub tawg ntawm lub raj hlau.

Tus qauv siv tau los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, uas yog qee zaum nrog nws los ntawm tus kiv cua. Lawv nyob ntawm lub hau ntawm cov hlau. Rau lub mechanism ua hauj lwm, nws tau muab nrog ib qhov tseem ceeb. Tus kiv cua pib tig, lub twj tso kua roj tawm ntawm lub fwj los ntawm lub raj hlau. Ib qho ntawm ntau qhov nyob rau hauv lub raj cia nyob rau hauv ob peb roj mus rau hauv lub burner. Cov hlau tau taws, thiab lub cua sov los ntawm combustion ntawm roj vapors rhuab lub ib.

Kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug mechanism, tej zaum, ua lub neej yooj yim, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog hnyav hlau irons. Tsuas yog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cuab yeej tau nug. Kev kho mob tsis zoo, thiab kev coj tsis ncaj yeej ua rau muaj kev xwm txheej ntau heev - hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab tawg.

Miracle Electricians

Hluav taws xob tau ua ib qho khoom plig zoo kawg rau tib neeg. Nrog nws pab, lub neej tau yooj yim dua, thiab cov cuab yeej tshiab tau tsim ib qho los ntawm ib tug. Thawj fais hlau tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm Henry Sealy rau Lub Rau Hli 6, 1882.

Lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv siv yog cua sov hauv qab, muab zais rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub cuab yeej. Nws twb nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob carbon electrodes, uas twb noj tam sim no. Tus qauv tsim los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias zoo meej, yog li nws tsim nyog siv cov hlau zoo heev - koj tuaj yeem tau txais hluav taws xob.

Tom qab ntawd, lub arc nrog electrodes raug hloov los ntawm ib tug kauv, uas raug rho tawm zoo dua. Cov niaj hnub manufacturers ntawm irons tseem siv no tsim. Hloov cov ntsiab lus xwb, nrog txhua lub xyoo txhim kho thaum tsim lub tswv yim.

Nyob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj lub ntsuas cua, uas saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias, lub hauv paus hlau tau ua iav txheej txheem, muaj ntau yam haujlwm ntxiv thiab hom.

Tsev khaws puav pheej

Hauv kev nco txog yav tag los nyob thoob qab ntuj muaj cov tsev txawb hauv uas koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qub qauv ntawm cov xim. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv Pereyaslav-Zalessky, tus hlau tsev loj hlob tawm ntawm ib tug antique khw muag khoom. Nws tau qhib rau xyoo 2002. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej pheej yig yuav cov hlau, uas siv rau qhov no ntau tshaj 30 txhiab daus las. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau muas ntawm Vernissage ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv Izmailovo.

Cov khoom sau los ntawm sawv cev txog 200 yam khoom pov thawj. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ob qho kev cam khwb cia hlau, chav thiab cua sov. Cov tsev cia puav pheej txawm tuaj tog ib hnub ntawm cov hlau ntau ntau xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian nroog ntawm Zaporozhye Hlau Museum twb qhib tsis ntev los no. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm "Horse Theatre" tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sau cov qub qauv ntawm irons heev los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Tom qab plaub xyoos ntawm kev sau, muaj cov khoom pov thawj txaus qhib lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Muaj li ntawm 300 lub npe nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, qee leej tau pub los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej los ntawm Pereyaslav-Zalessky. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav paub hauv cov ncauj lus txog keeb kwm thiab kev tsim kho ntawm ib qho khoom siv tsim nyog hauv tsev.

Tsev khaws cov ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb hauv lub nroog ntawm Latvia, nyob hauv nroog Grodno, uas nyob rau hauv Belarus, hauv Fab Kis, hauv Roubaix. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv Tebchaws USA, lub Netherlands, thiab Nyiv.

Ib qho ntawm cov tsev loj tshaj plaws yog Fabkis. Nws tau sau txog 4,000 cov khoom pov thawj, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm XVI xyoo pua. Hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj cov chav ua si ntaus nqi, zoo li cov cav tov taws.

Xaus

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov hlau mus rov qab centuries. Niaj zaus kev txhim kho, cov seev hloov lawv lub cev. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov hlab ntsha tau ntev dhau los lawm: los ntawm kev tsim txom, cov qauv uas muaj hlau nplua nuj ua rau hlau nplaum-hlau, ntawm haus dej cawv mus rau hluav taws xob. Tam sim no cov iron - ib qho txawv tshwm sim thiab ib qho chaw, thiab ua ntej lawv tsis tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej, tab sis kuj ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug dai kom zoo ntawm lub tsev. Cov qauv siv niaj hnub siv tus tsim, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv XIX xyoo pua, tab sis tseem pheej yuav hloov lawv cov tsos thiab cov ntsiab lus.