Raum nephrosclerosis ( "ntawv cog lus raum"): ua, cov tsos mob, tej yam tshwm sim, tus mob thiab kev kho mob

Tus kab mob no yog nephrosclerosis, ntev tseem tsis kho mob. Kom txog thaum lub XIX xyoo pua, muaj yog tsis muaj tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm nws. Independent mob, nws twb ntshai li tsuas yog peb xyoo lawm yav tom ntej, thaum muaj ib cov lus qhia txog lub etiology. Tus kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub yeej ntawm lawv cov roj uas txhaws taus. Nws raug yog tsis ib txwm paaj. Muaj ntau cov neeg mob tom qab ib tug thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev kho muaj nrog lwm yam mob xws li dig muag, kawg ntawm lub plawv ventricles. Yuav kom tswj tau cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev, nyob rau hauv xws li mob nws yuav tsum tau ceev cleansing cov ntshav artificially.

Anatomical siv: raum nephrosclerosis

Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Tus kab mob no, nyob rau lub active ntsiab yog hloov khoom nruab nrog (parenchyma) connective cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov yav tas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug nruab nrab muab tub lim, tab sis qhov yooj yim zog tsis xav tias. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov essence ntawm lub pathological txheej txheem, thov xa mus rau anatomical pab.

Lub ob lub raum yog paired hloov khoom nruab nrog muaj tus duab ntawm lub noob taum. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm nws yog pom tias yuav tau parenchyma, qhov twg cov zis yog tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd xam tau tias yog mus yuav ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub khob thiab lohanochki uas roos ib tug tag nrho system rau tus tuav thiab tom ntej feem ntawm cov zis. Filtering yog ua li cas nephrons parenchyma. Tag nrho cov hlaus lub cev ua ke uas nws kim heev network ntawm me me hlab ntsha branching ntawm lub ntsiab leeg.

Lub ob lub raum ua ntau zog, xws li:

• Renin synthesis - ib yam khoom uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov mob ntawm cov hlab phab ntsa;
• feem ntawm teeb meem tshuaj;
• Tswj lub theem ntawm acid;
• zus tau tej cov erythropoietin, uas yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis.

Qhov no versatility tso cai rau lub ob lub raum tsis ntseeg lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, tej pathological dab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem on tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Nephrosclerosis raum - yog dab tsi?

Qhov no txheej txheem ntawm successive hloov raum parenchyma los ntawm connective ntaub so ntswg, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug txo (wrinkling) lub cev loj thiab txo nws functionality. Yog hais tias tsis kho, muaj peev xwm tuaj tiav cessation ntawm kev ua tau zoo.

Yav tas los nws twb ntseeg tau tias cov thawj ua ntawm tus kab mob protrudes glomerulonephritis. Niaj hnub no, cov kws kho mob tau kho qhov no saib, defining nws cov ntsiab instigators mob ntshav qab zib thiab kub siab.

Raws li cov mechanism ntawm txoj kev loj hlob paub qhov txawv cov thawj thiab raum nephrosclerosis. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no nws muaj nws tus kheej preconditions rau cov emergence thiab cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau cov teeb meem no nws yog advisable kom nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

thawj nephrosclerosis

Lub hom daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no muaj nyob rau hauv lub malfunction ntawm cov hlab ntsha, narrowing cov ua hauj lwm seem ntawm lub artery. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm ischemia yog ntau infarcts thiab nti. Lwm ua kom muaj tus pathological txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ntshai li muaj hnub nyoog txog kev hloov, yog tias lawv ua tau kom ib tug stagnation ntawm venous ntshav.

Primary nephrosclerosis yog ob peb hom: atherosclerotic, hypertensive, involution. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj lub ntsiab ua rau narrowing ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv dej deposition ntawm lawv phab ntsa ntawm fatty plaques. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txo clearance, uas ua rau yus ischemia ntawm lub raum. Lub cev nto li ua nodular thereon nkag pom nti lus zoo. Qhov no zoo ntawm tus kab mob yog pom tias yuav tau tus tov.

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis yog ib tug manifestation ntawm ib tug muaj zog spasm ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm tus kab mob no. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov pathological txheej txheem yog ib narrowing ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab mob ischemia. Raum hypertensive nephrosclerosis tej zaum yuav benign los yog phem.

Involutive zoo ntawm cov kab mob txuam nrog lub hnub nyoog-kev hloov. Piv txwv li, tom qab 50 xyoo, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov hlab ntsha pib noog calcium, uas yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj lub clearance. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, cov muaj hnub nyoog Atrophy ntsiab urinary tubules. Yog li ntawd, lub functionality ntawm lub cev ntog.

Secondary nephrosclerosis

Secondary nephrosclerosis npaj tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm inflammatory thiab / los yog sib dab nyob rau hauv lub raum. Cov ua rau lub pathological txheej txheem yuav ua ntau yam ntawm tej yam kev mob thiab mob:

1. Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Cia li sawv nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib ua hloov nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Lawv raug muab khi thiab o, tab sis lub permeability ntawm lub nce. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub protein tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav, uas yog pab kom txawm peem rau qab txhaws kev ntshawv siab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tam sim no slows, uas entails ib tug tsis tsis tau tsuas yog ob lub raum, tab sis kuj lwm yam kabmob.
2. Mob glomerulonephritis. Thaum tus kab mob no lub cev ceg yeej tsis lawm, thiab mus ncaj qha mus rau ob lub raum. Lawv puas vascular membrane nyob rau hauv lub glomerulus. Pab kom txawm peem rau tus niam dab pib lub synthesis ntawm tshuaj uas ua rau kom cov ntshav txhaws.
3. Pyelonephritis. Tus kab mob yog nrog los ntawm cov allergic ntawm tus kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv lub glomeruli thiab tubules, qhov twg thrombi tsim. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv sequentially noog leukocytes. Tom qab rov qab nyob rau hauv lub puas chaw yog tsim nti los yog ulcers.
4. Urolithiasis. Thaum stagnation ntawm cov zis nyob rau hauv nws pib mus yug cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm rov qab casting zis pathogenic muaj tej zaum yuav ua puas lub internal phab ntsa ntawm lub urinary tubules.
5. Lupus erythematosus. Ua li no, ib tug mauj kab mob yus synthesizing lub cev ceg uas yuav tso ib tug nres rau lawv tus kheej lub cev.
6. Nephropathy cev xeeb tub. Thaum nqa ib tug me nyuam poj niam hormonal system undergoes hloov, nws leads mus rau ntau yam malfunctions. Ib tug xws li ua txhaum ua chua hlab ntsha. Raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, nce ntshav siab, raum ntshav txaus thiab yog lawm. Tus poj niam nyob o thiab nephrons pib tuag.

Muab cov ntaub ntawv muab, nws yog tau kos ob peb cov lus xaus. Primary nephrosclerosis raum feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub plawv mob nyob rau hauv lub cev. Cov theem nrab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological yog feem ntau preceded by inflammatory thiab kab mob.

Ntawm tshwj xeeb ceeb toom yog cov pab pawg neeg ntawm instigators yam uas muaj feem rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim nce tshuam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov kev tsim txom ntawm cov cawv thiab zaub mov additives, haus luam yeeb, uncontrolled siv cov tshuaj. Ib tug sedentary txoj kev ua neej thiab kis kab mob kuj ua rau kom txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raum cirrhosis. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog pom tias yuav tau tshem tawm ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb.

Cov qib kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob

Hais ntawm lub raum maj tuag, thiab yog li ntawd tus kab mob no rau nws tus kheej muaj nyob rau hauv theem. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem yog ib daim duab los ntawm ib tug tej kab mob, provoked sclerotic txheej txheem. Qhov no yog qhov thaum ntxov rau theem ntawm lub raum raum cirrhosis. Yuav ua li cas hawv ua phem nws yog rau tus neeg mob, twv seb, yog koj tsis quav ntsej txog txoj kev kho kho los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txoj kev tuag ntawm nephrons, lawv hloov los ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub pathological kev txhawb rau lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm, uas kuj muaj nyob rau hauv theem.

Ua ntej, ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm thiab deterioration ntawm lub tuam noj qab haus huv tom qab qoj ib ce. Tej zaum muaj polyuria. Tus neeg mob tej zaum yuav torturing nqhis dej, koj ntawm dryness nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem yog khaws cia ntshav siab uas yog tsis amenable mus tshuaj mob. Cov neeg mob muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev mob loj mob taub hau, xeev siab thiab. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm mus muab ib tug nruj noj cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub raum nephrosclerosis raws li cov tshuaj kho, tag nrho cov tsis kaj siab tsos mob sai sai ploj.

Qhov thib peb theem ntawm lub pathological txheej txheem yog yus muaj los ntawm tsis muaj kev qab los noj mov, mob tsis muaj zog. Xws li ib tug neeg muaj ib tug ib txwm mus kis kab mob. Tawm tsam tom qab ntawm qhov nqhis dej zis tso zis yog zoo heev txo. Cov tawv nqaij acquires ib tug yam ntxwv yellowish tint. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub theem cov zis tsis yog sawv tawm. Loj hlob sai intoxication, ntshav yog disrupted. Rau ntawm no theem, cov kev hloov no yog irreversible.

soj ntsuam daim duab

Nephrosclerosis, kuj hu ua "ntawv cog lus raum" nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv los mus taw qhia nyuaj heev vim hais tias muaj tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv cov tsos mob. Tus neeg mob tsis muaj kev tsis xis nyob thaum. Tsuas yog mus ntsib ib tug kws kho mob rau lwm yam kev tsis txaus siab, thiab tom qab lub diagnostic xeem nws yog ua tau rau ntes txawv txav dab.

Thaum tus kab mob no yuav sustainable, nws qhia txog cov nram qab no cov tsos mob:

• o ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab extremities;
• tus nqi ntawm cov tso zis nce, tab sis qhov ntim ntawm faib cov zis yog txo;
• mob nyob rau hauv lub lumbar cheeb tsam;
• ntev li nqhis dej;
• ntshav siab;
• qaug zog, tsis muaj zog;
• khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Cov tsos mob ntawm lub raum raum cirrhosis yuav tsum ua tau ib tug ntees rau tus zaj ntawm ib tug tob kev xeem. Tsuas yog tom qab tau txais cov kev tshwm sim koj yuav tau pib kho mob.

Ib tug kev mob ntawm lub raum kab mob

Nonspecific tej yam tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob ho complicates tus mob. Feem ntau, cov teeb meem yog hais txog hauv tshwj xeeb Nephrology chaw zov me nyuam. Nws kuj nqa tawm ua degrees ntawm complexity ntawm lub lag luam ntawm ib tug hloov hloov.

Yog hais tias koj xav tias ib tug kab mob yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab nyob rau hauv precisely no center los yog mus rau ib lub zos kws kho mob. Lub Xeem, Lub tom qab kev kawm rau hauv lub soj ntsuam daim duab yuav muab ib tug xa mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb.

Mob ntawm tus kab mob no yuav pib nrog ib txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus neeg mob kev tsis txaus siab, nws kho mob yav dhau los thiab lub cev kev xeem. Thaum lub sij hawm sib tham nephrologist kuj palpate lub plab mog. Cov manipulations hais ua ntej tus mob thiab paub ntxiv tactics ntawm kev soj ntsuam.

Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem cov neeg mob tshuaj laboratory kev ntsuam xyuas. Piv txwv li, cov ntshav biochemistry tej zaum yuav qhia cov nram qab no cov tsos mob ntawm lub raum:

• ua nqi ntawm urea, creatinine;
• quantitative yuav txo tau ntawm cov protein cov ntsiab lus;
• tsis kam nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj thiab nce rau hauv phosphorus thiab magnesium.

Cov Kev Kuaj Zis tsom qhia protein thiab cov ntshav liab, tab sis nws ceev yog significantly txo. Nyob rau ib lub ntshav tsom qhia tau hais tias cov theem ntawm hemoglobin thiab platelet tsawg tshaj qub, thiab ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm leukocytes qab.

Rau ib tug ntau tseeb ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus kabmob chaw uasi mus rau instrumental txoj kev xeem ntawm cov neeg mob nrog ib tug mob ntawm "nephrosclerosis". Raum ultrasound, piv txwv li, los soj ntsuam lawv loj thiab mob ntawm lub cortex. Nws yog yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau tsa urography. Angiography muab ib tug ua tiav daim duab ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub cov hloov khoom nruab nrog.

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm tus kws kho mob tau txais daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tau tshaj tawm los yog tsis muaj txoj kev ua ntej tus mob, thiab ua rau cov tswv yim rau ntxiv kev kho mob.

Kev siv cov tshuaj

Kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog koom nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb Nephrology chaw zov me nyuam. Nws yog los tshem tawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj provocateur. Npaj siab los ploj lawm raum muaj nuj nqi tsis muaj tus thawj kauj ruam yog feem ntau yog yuav tsis muaj avail.

Kev kho mob ib txwm yog qhia ntawv thiab yog tsim los rau cov sij hawm ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub soj ntsuam daim duab thiab tus neeg mob lub general mob yuav tsum tau li nram qab no cov tshuaj:

1. Anticoagulants ( "heparin") rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.
2. Cov tshuaj kom txo cov ntshav siab.
3. ACE inhibitors ( "Diroton", "Berlipril") los nthuav lub raum hlab ntsha.
4. Diuretics uas tshem tawm cov kua los ntawm lub cev.
5. Txhawb enhanced leeg calcium antagonists ( "Falipamil").
6. Multivitamin ceg.

Rau lwm mob tshwm sim los raum tsis ua hauj lwm cov tshuaj xaiv ib lub zuj zus.

hauj lwm kev pab

3-4-th theem ntawm lub pathological txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev siv tshuaj no feem ntau yog tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, tus neeg mob qhia tau hais tias ib tug hemodialysis los yog hloov raum. Lub essence ntawm cov thawj txheej txheem yog txo mus rau ntxuav cov ntshav ntawm tshuaj lom tshuaj. Rau lub hom phiaj no tshwj xeeb lim rau ib tug dag raum. Hemodialysis yog txhais periodicity mob ntawm tus neeg mob, cov heev ntawm lub pathological txheej txheem. Tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm kev kho mob kev kho mob.

Phais kho mob yog meant los ntawm ib tug neeg uas pub cov raum hloov. Qhov no yog ib lub ntawm ob peb hom ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thaum lub khoom hauv nrog cev yuav raug tshem tawm li ib tug nyob tus neeg, thiab ib tug neeg tuag. Thaum lub sij hawm rov qab lub sij hawm tus neeg mob yog muab rau ib tug loj tshuaj pab txhawb nqa thiab ua kom tiav so.

hwj chim nta

Lub zoo meej complement mus rau lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob yog txaus raws li ib tug nruj kev noj haus. Khoom noj khoom haus rau lub raum nephrosclerosis xaiv tus kws kho mob rau txhua tus neeg mob ib lub zuj zus. Feem ntau lawv hwm lub ntsiab cai nram no:

1. Tswj protein tsawg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsis tau kiag li muab up on nws. Thaum xaiv ib tug protein zaub mov nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau nqaij qaib, ntses, thiab khoom noj siv mis. Qos yaj ywm, cereals thiab khob cij nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kiag li tshem tawm los ntawm cov khoom noj.
2. Cov khoom noj yuav tsum nco ntsoov muaj xws li nqaij ntses nyoo, tab sis tsis ua phem rau lawv vim hais tias ntawm lub high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm phosphorus.
3. Tswj ntsev kom tsawg. Tej tswv yim nephrologist yuav hais 1-2-th theem yog tso cai txog li 15 grams ntsev rau ib hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv 3-4th tus nqi no yog halved. Kiag li tso tseg no txuj lom tsis tau, vim hais tias kom yuav ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
4. Nco ntsoov muaj xws li nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov khoom noj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, txiv tsawb, qhuav apricots, raisins.
5. Noj mov yuav tsum tau balanced ntau li ntau tau, muaj qhov yuav tsum tau npaum li cas calorie ntau ntau thiab vitamins.

Xws li ib tug noj haus, feem ntau cov neeg mob yuav yuam los lo rau qhov kawg ntawm lub neej.

outlook

Nephrosclerosis raum - ib tug kab mob. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob nws nws yog ua tau kom muaj cov kev ua ntawm cov kabmob, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov tswv yim thiab ua raws li tej kev txwv. Piv txwv li, cov neeg mob nrog rau qhov no mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo tau cov kev noj ntsev, calcium ntsuas yog tsis tu ncua saib xyuas thiab phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nrog txhua exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob txhua lub sij hawm kom dhau ib chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob.

Ices rau lub 3-4th theem 'ntawv cog lus raum "yuav tsum tau ib tug me ntsis txawv mus kom ze. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov kev txwv yog ntau npaum li cas stricter. Restore lub poob hloov cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm, txoj kev kho no yog los xyuas kom meej qhov functionality ntawm qhov seem uas nephrons. Tej zaum qhov no yog tsis txaus.