HIA - yog dab tsi? Kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus

Qhia, cov xib fwb ntawm preschool thiab tsev kawm ntawv cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev xyaum yuav ntsib nrog cov me nyuam leej twg, vim hais tias ntawm ib co ntawm nws cov nta sawv tawm nyob rau hauv haiv neeg cov phooj ywg. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov hais mav yog ib qho nyuaj rau zom kev kawm ntawv maj mam ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv thiab chav kawm ntawv. Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los nyob rau hauv lub pedagogical phau ntawv txhais lus ntxiv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus", tab sis hnub no cov kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam ua ib qho mob ceev teeb meem.

Cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus nyob rau hauv hnub no lub koom txoos

Tshwj xeeb kawm hauv cov pej xeem ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, cam hais tias zoo txhua pab pawg neeg ntawm kindergarten thiab high school chav kawm ntawv muaj cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Yuav ua li cas nws yog, nws yuav ntshiab tom qab ib tug tshawb kom ntxaws txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov niaj hnub tus me nyuam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tus me nyuam uas muaj lub cev los yog puas siab puas ntsws tsis taus, uas tiv thaiv tau cov kev vam meej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam kev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam. Qeb hais mav yog heev ntau haiv neeg: nws muaj xws li cov me nyuam nrog hais lus, lub rooj sib hais, tsis pom kev, kev txawv txav ntawm lub licas, complex kev txawj ntse tsis taus thiab puas siab puas ntsws zog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog thajmaum cov me nyuam, lawv kawm kom thiab tsev kawm ntawv cov me nyuam uas muaj teebmeem kev thiab volitional mob, phobias thiab teeb meem nrog kev sib raug zoo adaptation. Daim ntawv teev cov haum dav, thiaj li, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "HIA - yog dab tsi?" - yuav tsum tau ib tug ncaj tshawb kom ntxaws txog tag nrho cov tam sim no abnormality nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob.

Tshwj xeeb cov me nyuam - uas yog lawv?

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, qhov teeb meem ua ib tug tshwj xeeb cov me nyuam cov xib fwb thiab cov niam txiv raws li thaum ntxov raws li preschool uas muaj hnub nyoog. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv niaj hnub preschool kawm haiv neeg tag nrho cov nce ntau lub koom haum ntawm lub koom ua ke ntawm tshwj xeeb cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg. Feeb qhov txawv ob ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev koom ua ke: ib koog thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Integrated kev kawm kis nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv preschool, inclusive - nyob rau hauv cov pa phooj ywg pawg. Nyob rau hauv preschool, qhov twg txoj kev xyaum ntawm kev thiab inclusive kev kawm ntawv, yog yuav tsum los ntawm tus soj ntsuam psychologists nqi. Raws li txoj cai, cov me nyuam yog feem ntau pom tsis nkaus noj qab nyob zoo cov me nyuam, vim hais tias cov me nyuam muaj ntau siab tshaj cov laus, yog li cov me nyuam lub neej yog yuav luag ib txwm rooj plaub, "kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj ciam teb rau lwm."

Lub koom haum ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv preschool

Thaum koj tau txais ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv preschool , thawj thiab foremost kws txawj kos xim rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm sib txawv. Yog hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub pathology qhia xav, pab cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus ua ib tug ua ntej ua si ntawm lub duas paub kindergarten neeg ua hauj lwm. Thawj thiab foremost, kev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws npaj thiab coj tshwj xeeb kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus me nyuam, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas txoj kev loj hlob yog tsim ib tug neeg card. Lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm tus me nyuam muaj tej yam raws li ib tug neeg sib tham nrog cov niam txiv, cov kev kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, kev soj ntsuam ntawm hlwb thiab lub cev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam. Yuav kom txuas lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub psychologist tshwj xeeb ntawm ib tug tej yam profile, nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm ntawm tus pathology. Educator pab pawg neeg uas mus ntsib cov me nyuam yaus muaj kev tsis taus uas yog me ntsis txog cov uas nrhiav tau thiab neeg kawm ntawv tseem khiav ntawm tshwj xeeb me nyuam kawm ntawv.

Adaptation ntawm ib tug me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus mus rau lub tej yam kev mob ntawm preschool

Adaptation lub sij hawm rau ib tug me nyuam uas twb tsis muaj kev txawv txav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob feem ntau hais nrog teeb meem. Lawm, lub tau lawv kawm cov kev tsis taus yog tau siv mus rau lub tej yam kev mob ntawm cov me nyuam zej zog no ntau npaum li cas complex thiab problematic. Cov me nyuam yuav siv mus rau lub incessant kev kho mob ntawm cov niam txiv, cov qhov kev pab los ntawm lawv. Lub tsev lag luam ntawm kev tiv tauj nrog cov phooj ywg sau nyuaj vim tsis muaj kev nyob rau hauv tag nrho nrog rau lwm cov me nyuam. Txawj tsim cov me nyuam kev ua ub no tsis muaj txaus: duab, applique, modeling thiab lwm yam nyiam cov me nyuam nrog tshwj xeeb cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yog ib tug me ntsis qeeb qeeb thiab muaj teeb meem. Practices muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev koom ua ke ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus nyob rau hauv preschool haiv neeg, nws yog pom zoo ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov mus nqa tawm puas siab puas ntsws txoj kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm cov pab pawg uas tuaj kawm preschool cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Tus me nyuam mos yuav muaj ntau xis yog hais tias tus me nyuam lwm yam tsim feem ntau sib xws, yuav perceive nws raws li ib tug sib npaug zos, tsis pom lub shortcomings nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab Fielding ntawm tej nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus.

Kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb xav tau kev pab ntawm tus me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus

Cov xib fwb ua hauj lwm nrog cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus, hmoog rau ib tug loj teeb meem - lub hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm tus me nyuam tshwj xeeb kev kev. Cov phooj ywg, tsim feem ntau sib xws yuav mus tau yooj yim txais txoj kev paub thiab kev txawj ntawm tus xib fwb, tab sis rau cov me nyuam uas muaj teebmeem kev txawv txav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob xav tau kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb mus kom ze. Teacher thiab npaj nws feem ntau yog cov tub txawg uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog xyuas los ntawm ib tug me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. xws cov me nyuam txoj kev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam muaj xws li kev txiav txim cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug neeg mus kom ze rau tus me nyuam, ntxiv seem, coj mus rau kev kawm ntawv xav tau kev pab. Nws kuj muaj xws li muaj peev xwm nthuav kev kawm qhov chaw rau tus me nyuam sab nraum lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov me nyuam tej kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv kev sib tham. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj kev mob rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov kev kawm muaj nuj nqi - qhov no account ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb xav tau kev pab sawv los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus kab mob thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm nws heev.

Lub koom haum ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb-xav tau kev pab cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv

Ib tug daunting kev sib tw rau neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov chaw ua ib tug kev kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm xiam oob qhab. Txoj kev kawm pab cuam ntawm tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj hnub nyoog cov me nyuam ntau npaum li cas nyuab nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lub pre-tsev kawm ntawv, li ntawd, ntau dua mloog yog them rau ib tug neeg txoj kev koom tes kev kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus socialization, txawm peem rau qhov raug nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob, yuav tsum tau muab tej yam kev mob rau lub assimilation ntawm tus me nyuam kev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam. Ib tug loj tab kaum muab tso rau cov kws txawj: psychologists, hais lus pathologists, social zaum - uas yuav tsum tau los mus txiav txim cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kho cawv rau ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub qhov thiab degree ntawm heev ntawm lub pathology.

Adaptation ntawm ib tug me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus mus rau lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tsev kawm ntawv

Cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus uas mus kawm preschool yog zoo npaum li cas nruj heev heev rau cov me nyuam kom cov haiv neeg nyob rau lub sij hawm lawv pib kawm ntawv, vim hais tias lawv muaj ib co kev sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg laus. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov kev, cov menyuam uas xiam oob khab yog cov ntau ntau nyuaj kom dhau ib lub sij hawm ntawm adaptation. Kho kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yog nyuab los ntawm qhov kuaj ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam, uas yuav ua tau kom lub rho tawm ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv collective. Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub txawg muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm adaptation, los tsim tshwj xeeb coj lawv ib tug me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Yuav ua li cas yog nws tseeb los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws realization. Cov txheej txheem yuav cov xib fwb ua hauj lwm nrog cov chav kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv ntawm tus me nyuam, cov niam txiv ntawm lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov thawj coj ntawm kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev, kev kho mob ua hauj lwm, tsev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws thiab sociologist. Cov cumulative kev ua rau lub fact tias tom qab ib tug tej lub sij hawm, feem ntau yog 3-4 lub hlis, ib tug me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus yog txaus nruj heev heev rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lub zej lub zos. Qhov no zoo heev simplifies tus txheej txheem ntawm ntxiv kev cob qhia thiab assimilation ntawm cov kev kawm.

tsev neeg kev sis raug zoo thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev koom ua ke ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam lub koom txoos

Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov kev kawm txheej txheem ntawm tus me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus muab rau tsev neeg. Yuav ua li cas zoo tsim kev koom tes ntawm cov xib fwb nrog cov niam txiv yog ncaj qha mus txog kev kawm tshwj xeeb me nyuam kawm ntawv. Cov niam txiv ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus yuav tsum tau xav tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub assimilation ntawm ib tug tub los yog tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kom muaj ib tug tag nrho-fledged tus me nyuam cov kev sib cuag nrog lawv cov phooj ywg. Ib tug zoo puas siab puas ntsws cwj pwm yuav siab pab mus rau kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub assimilation ntawm qhov kev pab cuam khoom. Niam Txiv kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv yuav ua rau kom cov creation ntawm ib tug tib puas siab puas ntsws kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsev neeg thiab tsev kawm ntawv, ntsig txog, thiab cov adaptation ntawm tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau muaj nyob nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus zaub muaj teeb meem.

Lub koom haum ntawm lub hlwb them nyiaj yug rau cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus

Tsim ib tug neeg kawm ntawv txoj kev rau cov me nyuam uas muaj teebmeem kev txawv txav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob, cov kws txawj tas coj mus rau hauv tus account lub them nyiaj yug ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev kawm ntawv kev puas siab ntsws, kev ua hauj lwm, pathologist, rehab. Puas siab puas ntsws kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm siv cov kws puas siab puas ntsws kev pab, thiab muaj ib tug diagnostic txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntse nta, lub xeev ntawm lub siab lub ntsws thiab volitional, cov theem ntawm tsim ntawm kev txawj ntse. Raws li tus tsom xam ntawm lub diagnostic tau npaj rau kev ncaj ncees ntsuas. Kho ua hauj lwm nrog cov me nyuam, cov HIA uas tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug cov xwm sib txawv thiab complexity, yog ua noj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub qhia tau pathologies. Nqa tawm daws cov teeb meem kev ntsuas yog ib tug yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau lub koom haum ntawm lub hlwb them nyiaj yug rau cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus.

Tshwj xeeb txoj kev qhia cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus

Feeb cov xib fwb ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tej yam qauv: tus piav ntawm cov khoom tshiab, ua tau zoo paub tab nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm, kev luj xyuas rau cov theem ntawm assimilation ntawm kev txawj ntse. Ob peb sib txawv looks no tswvyim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xiam oob qhab. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Tshwj xeeb tej kev qhia yuav piav rau kev kawm cov kev kawm rau cov xib fwb ua hauj lwm nrog cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Cov kev tswvyim yog kwv yees li raws li nram no:

- gradual piav qhia txog cov khoom tshiab;

- taub txua tiav ntawm kev pab raws qib;

- repetition ntawm cov lus qhia thwj tim ntawm tus hauj lwm;

- kev audio-visual qhia pab;

- ib tug tshwj xeeb system ntawm kev luj xyuas ntawm kev kawm ntawv kom tau zoo theem.

Tshwj xeeb txheeb xyuas muaj feem neeg ntsuam xyuas scale nyob rau hauv raws li qhov kev kawm ntawm tus me nyuam thiab npaum lawv kev.