Great Northern tsov rog

1 Peter nqa tawm nws kho tsis tau xav thiab systematizing lawv nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Txhua yam kev hloov tau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Team sib nruab nrab ntawm cov ntau yam cov tub rog kev txhawj xeeb, campaigns. Nws yog tsis muaj kev zam thiab lub sij hawm thaum muaj ib tug Great Northern ua tsov ua rog.

Tub rog txiav txim tawm tsam Sweden demanded ib tug enormous tom ntawm lub tag nrho lub xeev. Uas yog vim li cas rau tag nrho cov sab qaum teb ua tsov ua rog thaum Petus 1, nrog los ntawm kev ua ub no hauv lub teb chaws. Tag nrho nrog kev hloov tau tsim los raws li cov tub rog xav tau kev pab.

Northern ua tsov ua rog uas cog noob competently kawm tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov tub rog tau reformed. tub rog tsev kawm ntawv, luam tawm "cov khoom ua tub rog" thiab "ua hauj lwm Capital ibyam" tau tsim (kev cai tshiab), cov rog quas.

Great Northern ua tsov ua rog thiab demanded nyiaj ntsuab. 1 Peter qhia txog ib lub poll tax, tshiab se. Cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kho kom zoo, thiab muaj kev siv. Northern tsov rog yuav tsum tau cov khaub ncaws, khoom noj khoom haus khoom siv, riam phom. Tag nrho cov kho tau zoo dua lub mov ntawm cov tub rog, yuav pib siv ntawm fortresses.

Nyob rau hauv 1700, lub yim hli ntuj 22 Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog mus rau ib qho chaw twg mus rau lub Swedish fortress. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Narva besieged. Txawm li cas los, lub siege tsis tau nkaus kev vam meej. Tshuag hmoov thiab cores tsuas muaj kaum plaub xyoo hnub. Rhawv muaj ntau feem ntau taws los ntawm txawv teb chaws tub ceev xwm coj lawv cov hauj lwm heev casually. Nyob rau hauv 1700, nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis lub Swedes mam li nco dheev rov Lavxias teb sab txaus qhia, xa cov tub rog mus rau hauv tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ob regiments (Semenov thiab Preobrazhensky), kev tswj cov kev txiav txim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua, tiv thaiv tawm lub attackers yuav tsum vov lub davhlau ntawm cov tag nrho pab tub rog.

Lub Swedish huab tais txiav txim siab hais tias tus Lavxias teb sab yeej, thiab xa nws rog tiv thaiv teb chaws Poland. Thaum Karl 12, ua nws Polish campaigns, 1 Peter nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub re-tsim thiab kho kom zoo ntawm cov tub rog. Tshiab cov tub rog pib cov khoom siv tshiab tsim regiments, kev cob qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub ceev xwm. Nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj li 300 cannons tau raug muab ntiab thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo. Ib feem ntawm cov muab tshem tawm molding twb tau nrog neeb lub tsev teev ntuj tswb yees.

Kev ua Peter sai sai no yielded tau. Lavxias teb sab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1702 yog tej Noteburg (ancient noob txiv), lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav twb yuav los ntawm lwm Nienschanz Swedes, nyob ze uas nteg lub Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Tartu (Dorpat) thiab Narva poob nyob rau hauv 1704.

Thaum lub sij hawm no, Karl 12, tom qab lub yeej ntawm Saxony thiab Poland, yuam Polish kav 2 Lub yim hli ntuj mus tso tseg rau nws lub zwm txwv thiab alliance nrog Russia. Yog li Peter 1 tau sab laug yam tsis phoojywg.

So tom qab lub conquest ntawm Saxony, lub Swedish tub rog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1707 mus rau Russia. Swedes nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm lub xyoo no, coj Grodno, Mogilev. Nws pib ib qho mob ceev strengthening ntawm Moscow rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Peter. Ua ntej koj yuav txeeb tau lub nroog, Carl twb mus txuas nrog tso nws los ntawm Riga tsev nyob Lewenhaupt. Housing tuaj nrog riam phom thiab zaub mov. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1708, nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tua yeej cov Swedish reinforcements, capturing cov zaub mov thiab riam phom. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm cov hav zoov Karl tuaj xwb txog 7000 ib nrab-liab qab thiab ib nrab-starved tub rog ntawm 16000th vaj tse nyob.

Tom qab no setback, lub Swedish huab tais nteg muaj kev cia siab rau Ukraine. Hetman Mazepa ntxeev siab rau lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv, nyob rau hauv 1708 tuaj koom lub Swedes. Txawm li cas los, nrog Mazepa tsuas nqa 2000 cov tub rog - Ukraine tseem muaj tseeb rau Russia, Ntxiv, lub Ukrainian peasants tiv thaiv cov Swedish troops launched ib tug nrov zog.

Thaum Poltava muaj ib tug decisive sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv 1709, Lub rau hli ntuj 27 Swedes raug kev txom nyem tsis swb. Yeej pab tub rog khiav mus rau lub Dnieper River, mus rau sab qab teb, nyob qhov twg lawv seem yuav cev Menshikov. Mazepa, lub Swedish huab tais, ib ob peb puas Cossacks thiab Swedes khiav rau Qaib Cov Txwv.

Tom qab 1709 lub Swedish tub rog lub hwj chim yog lawm. Northern ua tsov ua rog pab mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias Russia tau ua qhov tseem haib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe.

Nyob rau hauv 1721, lub yim hli ntuj 30, nruab nrab ntawm Sweden thiab Russia, kev thaj yeeb twb xaus lus. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus, cov Swedish sab tau rov qab mus rau Finland, Russia kuj yeej nyob rau hauv Karelia, Estonia, Livonia, Inghirami. Lub Senate muab Peter lub imperial title, cov npe ntawm cov "Great" thiab "Leej Txiv ntawm lub Fatherland" nyob rau hauv koobtsheej uas nco txog lub yeej. Txij thaum ntawd los, Russia lub npe hu ua teb chaws Ottoman.