Deciphering lub RSDLP. Lavxias teb sab Social ywj pheej Labor Party

Tog, muab cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov freeing lub proletariat los ntawm exploitation los ntawm cab chav kawm ntawv, feeb qhov kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua hu ua Social ywj pheej. Ntxiv mus, lub ideological hauv paus ntawm Marxism nteg cov koom haum ntawm lub revolutionary tis. Deciphering "RSDLP" xws li muaj sotsdekovskuyu mis, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob lub tog platform ntau ntau ntau haiv neeg tsoos Marxism. Nws tso cai rau maneuver nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev cai lij choj thiab tsim nyog ntaub ntawv ntawm tawm tsam rau kev ua phem. Nyob rau hauv no muaj shortcomings, thiab txoj hauj lwm zoo li ib tug hluas Lavxias teb sab tog ntawm Social Democrats.

tsim RSDLP

Qhov kawg ntawm 1895 nws twb tsim "Union ntawm nriaj rau lub liberation ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv", uas yog ib pab neeg ntawm Marxist pawg nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sib koom ua hauj lwm. Tsuas yog tom qab peb xyoos nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub koom haum muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm tawm ib qho kev pab cuam ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv thiab tshaj tawm hais tias tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug tib neeg sab nrauv. Cov founders ntawm lub RSDLP pib cuaj delegates 'Union ntawm nriaj "los ntawm St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Bund (Jewish Labor Union). Nws tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm cov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Minsk nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1898.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thiab muaj ib lub npe. Deciphering "RSDLP", tsib tsiaj ntawv, kom meej meej tham txog cov kev revolutionary xwm ntawm lub koom haum, lub Social-Democrats nyob rau hauv lub ua dog ua dig ntawm lub politicians tau synonymous nrog radical Marxism.

"Iskra" thiab cov thawj phua tawg

Nws coj lwm ob xyoos, thiab cov neeg sab nrauv tsiv los ntawm tshaj tawm rau kev txiav txim. Qhov kawg ntawm 1900 nws luam tawm thawj tsab ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Iskra", edited los ntawm Lenin (Ulyanovym V. I.), pab los ntawm Plekhanov, Martov, Zasulich, Axelrod thiab Potresov. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm no hloov khoom nruab nrog tau qhia loj contradictions nyob rau hauv lub mus kom ze rau txoj kev ntawm los tom ntej no hauv chav kawm ntawv nriaj. Lub essence ntawm qhov teeb meem yog nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub kev cai lij choj tawm tsam thiab xaus uas yuav tsum tau mus nyob rau hauv nws cov txheej txheem, raws li zoo raws li kev qhuab qhia. Comrades sib cav, tej zaum hoarse, mus rau ib tug ntau denominator yuav tsis tuaj, lub cais twb brewing, thiab nws cov initiator yog Vladimir Ulyanov, thaum tseem heev cov tub ntxhais (peb caug xyoo) ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug sib hwj txwv thiab hlawv ob lub qhov muag. Nws hais rau cov ceev ceev, revolutionary overthrow cov me nyuam yaus ntawm "laus ntiaj teb no" thiab nws intelligently sib cav tus txiv neej laus Plekhanov tus yawg koob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Marxism.

Split thiab tsos Bolshevism

Lavxias teb sab Social ywj pheej Labor Party xya xyoo muaj, kev coj tus kheej nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ib yam ntawm cov ob pib, Plekhanov, Lenin. Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi kav mus ib txhis. Tham thiab kev sib tham tsuas muaj tob dua qhov teeb meem, uas ua rau lawv antagonistic, thiab nyob rau II Congress ntawm cov nqe lus nug twb muab tso rau bluntly: leej twg yuav ua lub kiv puag ncig, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub bourgeoisie los yog lub proletariat? Leej twg yuav tau tom qab lub hegemonic chav kawm ntawv?

Lenin thiab nws pab pov ntawv rau lub dictatorship ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv, thiab yeej nrog ib tug feem ntau. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov neeg sab nrauv lub koom haum raug muab faib, cais, decrypt RSDLP tau yuav tib yam, tab sis, nyob rau hauv lub tswv cuab ntawm ib tug ntawm ob tog twb supplemented bukovkoy tsiaj ntawv "b" los yog "m" nyob rau hauv lub round nkhaus. Cov neeg uas nyob ntawm lub II Congress pom zoo nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus proletarian hegemony, los ua Bolsheviks thiab Plekhanov lub UFW - nyob rau tsis tooj, cov Mensheviks.

Yam tsawg kawg nkaus qhov kev pab cuam thiab lub siab tshaj plaws kev pab cuam - ob yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Marxism

Cov koom haum teeb meem tsis txhob mus muab cov zuag qhia tag nrho cov kev pab cuam, muaj raws ntawm ob qhov chaw (yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj plaws). Thaum tus heev tsawg, nyob rau pom zoo rau Lavxias teb sab sotsdeki, yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov monarchist-tswv tsev txiav txim, lub bourgeois kiv puag ncig, lub tsev ntawm thaj av mus peasants (dawb xwb) thiab kev ua hauj lwm ib yim-teev hnub ua hauj lwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej loomed loj npaum li cas transformation nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm uas tus proletarian twb yuav tsum tau ib tug dictator. Qhov no yog lub siab tshaj plaws, uas yog xam los ntawm cov Bolsheviks. Ntxiv kev kawm ntawm kev xav yog tsis nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev npaj.

Xya Congress - Rubicon

Tiav lawm cais ntawm Bolsheviks thiab Mensheviks thib peb, plaub thiab tsib RSDRP cov rooj sib txoos. Lub Bolsheviks Mensheviks kiag tawm los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv 1907. Thaum no tus taw tes, lawv disciplined, cohesive, thiab heev kom nquag plias tub cheev xwm, muaj, nyob rau hauv particular, thiab cov tub rog tis, tau kev underground kev ua ub no thiab yus tus kheej txhais tau tias ntawm propaganda. Lub Mensheviks xws cuab tam yuav tsis khav, rau cov uas nws tom qab them.

Sotsdeki thiab kev tsov kev rog

Tog RSDLP dim lwm nrog tej teeb meem thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub zwj ceeb "pem hauv ntej kab" yog yooj yim, nws muab qhia lub Bolsheviks rau hauv peb lub ntsiab pawg: cov internationalists, pacifists thiab patriots. Yuav kom tus thoob tswv yim rau lub yeej ntawm lawv lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ua ib tug neeg ntxeev siab, koj yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb tus kheej zoo, nws tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm. Ntawm no Plekhanov hla txoj kab thiab ua tsis tau tejyam. Lenin tau txais nws.

Social-ywj pheej Labor Party thaum lub Lavxias teb sab yuav tsum tau hu ua tsuas rau ib tug hwv paus. Bolshevik agitators ua ib tug lossis loj kev rau siab mus hais tau tus tub rog uas tsis txhob sib ntaus rau lawv lub teb chaws, thiab rau fraternize nrog cov yeeb ncuab yog tsim nyog, uas lawv commanders. Surprises tsuas yog tus softness qhia los ntawm "ntshav tsarist tsoom fwv" ntawm ntes tau traitors. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, txoj hmoo ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Lenin thiab nws cov associates twb xav txaus, lawv raved txog lub ntiaj teb no kiv puag ncig, uas ciali mus yuav nyob ze, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yeej tsis tshwm sim.

Vim li cas cov RCP (B) yog tus VKP (b)

Tom qab txeeb hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1917, lub Bolsheviks muaj loj tsis pom zoo nrog rau cov kev sib raug zoo-kev ywj pheej zog, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev yog tsawg radical views muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, uas qhia "precariousness". Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub German, Fabkis thiab lwm yam European Social Democrats tau qhia lub siab xav mus siv kev cai lij choj mechanisms, nyob rau hauv huab mob, sib txuas rau lawv nrog rau cov underground ua hauj lwm, thiab nrhiav kev yeej los ntawm lub nce qib ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub hwj chim los ntawm kev xaiv tsa. Qhov no txoj kev yog tsis txaus siab nrog lub Leninists, lawv to taub hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg ntawm tau ntawm dawb, lawv yuav tsis zoo li tuaj rau lub hwj chim, vim hais tias thiab ua ib tug coup, overthrowing lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv (heev fact ntawm nws cov acceleration yog absurd, vim hais tias nws tau tsim ib lub sij hawm ua ntej qhov kev xaiv tsa).

Deciphering lub RSDLP ceased mus qhia cov essence ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv, thiab hais tias nws yog tsis meej pem nrog lwm koom haum ua teb, nyob rau hauv 1918, renaming nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub CPSU (lub All-Union Communist tog) nrog cov indispensable bukovkoy (b) nyob rau hauv lub kawg hais tias tsis muaj ib tug xav phem cais tsis quaj los kuamuag vim. Tus thawj tsab ntawv abbreviations kom txog rau thaum 1925 txhais tau tias "Tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab", thiab tom qab lub tsim ntawm lub USSR All-Union tog los ua. Tej nws tseem kom txog rau thaum 1952, uas cim qhov pib ntawm lub mature Stalinist socialism. Xyoo no tuav lub XIX Congress, nyob rau hauv uas lub CPSU (b) twb renamed lub Communist tog, twb tsis muaj me me tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv pab pawg. Nws yog tus lub xeem lub npe ntawm tus Leninist tog.