Gnedich kws sau paj lug Nikolai Ivanovich: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - kws sau paj lug thiab txawj sau ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub 18-19 th centuries. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau nws txhais lus rau Lavxias teb sab ntawm tus nquab tsev "Iliad", qhov kev xaiv no tau ua ib tug reference nyob rau hauv vim cov hoob kawm. Hais txog lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov kws sau paj lug kev ua hauj lwm, peb sib tham txog nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich: A Biography. thaum yau

Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv tau yug los nyob rau hauv Poltava, Lub ob hlis ntuj 2, 1784. Nws niam nws txiv tuaj ntawm ib tug laus noble tsev neeg, yuav luag pluag los ntawm lub sij hawm. Me Nicholas poob nws niam, thiab ces nws tau ze li ntawm poob nws lub neej - smallpox nyob rau hauv cov hnub yog ib tug txaus ntshai tus kab mob. Hais tias tus kab mob plhu puas tag lub ntsej muag Gnedich thiab stripped nws ntawm nws ob lub qhov muag.

Nyob rau hauv 1793, tus tub twb raug xa mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub Poltava Theological Seminary. Tsib xyoos tom qab, lub tsev kawm ntawv twb tau txiav txim siab tsiv ua ke nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Novomyrhorod los ntawm Poltava. Tab sis Ivan Petrovich, leej txiv Gnedich, coj nws tus tub los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab xa mus rau lub Kharkiv Collegium. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, qhov chaw no mas suav hais tias lub feem ntau prestigious Ukrainian tsev kawm ntawv. Collegium yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1800, ces tsiv mus rau tas mus li qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Ntawm no nws ua ke nrog ib tug qub phooj ywg Alexei Yunoshevskim coj lub Gymnasium ntawm Moscow University raws li Boarders. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib ob peb lub hlis, raws li cov me nyuam tub twb pauv mus rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv rau cov kws qhia ntawm Philosophy, uas nws kawm tiav los ntawm nyob rau hauv 1802 ib tug ci ntsa iab xyoo.

thawj phau ntawv

Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich los ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg ntawm lub phooj ywg Literary Society, uas muaj A. Turgenev, Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. Raws li cov kws sau paj lug yog cov phooj ywg nrog rau cov playwright N. Sandunova. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, tus tub hluas yog xav tiranoborcheskimi tswv yim, qhab nia rau Schiller.

1802 twb cim rau thawj lub Gnedich joyous lub sijhawm - thawj lub sij hawm ib tug neeg txhais lus yog luam tawm. Nws yog ib tug xwm txheej no, "Abyufar", sau los ntawm tus Frenchman Jean Dyusisom. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub teeb tau luam tawm rau tus thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws - tus tshiab "Maurice, los yog tsim txom los ntawm cov kua zaub ntsuab." Ib xyoo tom qab, muaj ob tug cia li translation Schiller - tus tshiab "Don Corrado de Guerrero" thiab cov xwm txheej no "kev koom tes Fiesco."

Tab sis cov nyiaj, txawm lub fact tias nws pib printing, nws yog tseem tsis txaus, yog li npaj mus ntxiv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb tau tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1802, lub kws sau paj lug tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg. Ntawm no nws tau txais ua hauj lwm hauv lub Public Education Department. Qhov no qhov chaw Gnedich yuav tuav kom txog rau thaum 1817.

Tag nrho nws cov sij hawm spare txawj sau ntawv muab qhia nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv daim teb no nws tau txiav txim siab zoo, thiab kuj tau lub acquaintance ntawm Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin thiab rau yav tom ntej Decembrists.

chaw ua hauj lwm

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich sai sai tau notoriety ib tug zoo kws sau paj lug thiab tus neeg txhais lus. Qhov no muaj koob meej qhib nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub tsev, thiab ntau high-qeb duas nobles ntawm St. Petersburg, nrog rau cov Stroganov thiab Olenin. Tsaug rau lub patronage ntawm cov neeg txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv 1811, los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Academy, thiab ces teem tseg ntawv ntawm lub Imperial Public Library, qhov uas nws mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Greek ntaub ntawv.

Tsis ntev Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich ze cov phooj ywg nrog nqaij mos lwj tsuav. Lawv koom siab los ntawm ib tug ntau txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam thiab lub ancient ntiaj teb no. Qhov no zoo heev hloov cov khoom thiab hauj txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug.

Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv cov xyoo cov kws ntawv devotes lub sij hawm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv. Los ntawm 1819 nws yog tag nrho ib tug catalog ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov uas tau nyob rau hauv nws department, thiab kaw lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv qhia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Gnedich heev hais lus rau tsev qiv ntawv collections.

phau ntawv sau

Nyob rau hauv lub neej, nws yog naïve thiab ingenuous Gnedich NI biography ntawm tus kws hais tias nws tsuas yog mob siab rau yog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv. Tus thawj pab nws kom tau lub npe ntawm academician thiab cov nyob qib of State Councillor. Raws li rau cov phau ntawv, cov Gnedich sau nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej sau los ntawm kwv yees li 1,250 tsawg tsawg thiab tej zaum cim tagnrho. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, lawv tag nrho cov tsiv Poltava chav xyaum tes taw bequest. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Poltava, thiab ces ib txhia ntawm lawv twb tau tsiv mus rau Kharkov.

Nyob rau hauv 1826 Gnedich twb muab tsub lub title ntawm coj tug ntawm cov St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences. Lub neej txhais tej hauj lwm ntawm Voltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Mob thiab kev tuag

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - kws sau paj lug zoo nkauj thiab tabtom muaj nuj nqis twb yog los ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Tab sis tsis txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws lub neej thiaj li rosy. Cov kab mob, uas pib raws li ib tug me nyuam, tsis tawm nws. Tus kws sau ntawv mus ob peb zaug yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, nto moo rau mineral dej. Tab sis nws yuav pab tsuas yog rau ib pliag. Thiab nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 1830, cov kab mob worsened nrog tshiab quab yuam, kuj tuaj koom lawv tsis tau, thiab mob caj pas. Kev kho mob nyob rau hauv Moscow dag mineral dej twb tsis ntxim. Txawm tias lub xeev ntawm kev kho mob, nyob rau hauv 1832 lub kws sau paj lug yog tau npaj thiab luam tawm tsab ib tug sau "Kwv huam".

Nyob rau hauv Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833 cov kws ntawv muaj mob khaub thuas. Tsis muaj zog txaus lub cev tsis tau withstand mob tshiab, thiab Lub ob hlis ntuj 3, Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833 lub kws sau paj lug tuag thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 49 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov nyuag biography xaus. Gnedich Nicholas twb faus nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg Tikhvin Cemetery. Nyob rau hauv nws cov nag lus nrog Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb txawj nuj nqis ntawm lub sij hawm.

creation

Hauv plawv ntawm lub lyrics txawj sau ntawv tau yeej ib txwm tau lub tswv yim ntawm haiv neeg. Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich nrhiav portray tus zoo tagnrho ntawm harmonious thiab ua hauj lwm txoj cai. Nws hero yog ib txwm tag nrho cov uas mob siab thiab txoj kev ywj pheej. Qhov no yog dab tsi tshwm sim xws zoo txaus siab mus rau lub kws sau paj lug Shakespeare, Ossian thiab ancient kos duab nyob rau hauv feem ntau.

Homer tus cim ciali Gnedich epitome ntawm lub heroic neeg thiab yawg suab koob pheej ntawm lawv. Nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm los ua "Fishermen", nyob rau hauv uas cov kws ntawv tuaj koom lub Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg nrog rau cov Homeric style. Tsis muaj lub zem no idyll yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thawj creation Gnedich. Txawm Pushkin nyob rau hauv ib tug footnote mus rau lawv "Evgeniyu Oneginu" hais txoj hlua ntawm cov khoom no, nyob rau hauv particular hauj lwm Petersburg dawb nights.

Ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws yog muab cov nram qab no:

• "Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Ossian."
• "Hostel".
• "Peruvian mus rau lub Spaniard."
• "Yuav kom ib tug phooj ywg".
• "Nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ntxa uas leej niam."

"Iliad"

Nyob rau hauv 1807, nws coj li tus neeg txhais lus ntawm cov "Iliad" Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Cov kwv huam tau sau nyob rau hauv hexameters, uas yog nyob ze rau tus thawj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tus thawj Lavxias teb sab nqe translation ntawm Homer. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawd kub ntev li ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, thiab nyob rau hauv 1829 ib tug ua tiav translation twb luam tawm. Labor muaj ib tug yawm socio-cultural thiab poetic nqi. Pushkin hu ua nws "high feat."

Cov heev lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg txhais lus tuaj rau Gnedich txawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau, thaum nws ua ntej nyeem tej hauj lwm ntawm Homer. Ua ntej nws, qhov no twb ua los ntawm ntau yam nto moo sau ntawv, xws li Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Tab sis tsis muaj los yog hai. Qhov no lub xeev ntawm affairs tau muab hloov mus rau lwm Gnedich txawm ntau nyhav thiab tseem ceeb.

nthuav lus tseeb

Kuv nyob tau ib lub zoo nkauj amazing lub neej Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Luv luv biography ntawm tus kws tej zaum yuav muaj li xwb ntawm nthuav cov txheej xwm uas tau tshwm sim rau nws:

• Olenin ib zaug ua tswvcuab Gnedich raws li ib tug nto moo thiab zoo heev neeg txhais lus nyob rau hauv lub khw txiav ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duchess Catherine thiab Empress Maria Feodorovna. Kawm paub txog regal ua decisive rau lub kws sau paj lug. Tsaug rau nws pab cov txawj sau ntawv tau pom zoo ib lub neej nyiaj laus, yog li ntawd nws yuav mob siab tag nrho nws lub sij hawm mus txhais lus "Iliad."
• Gnedich yog tus thawj uas pib luam tawm cov kwv huam tseem hluas thiab tsis paub hais tias Pushkin.
• Tus kws sau ntawv tau muab ob medals rau nws txawj hauj lwm - Vladimir IV degree thiab Anna II degree.

Niaj hnub no, txhua txhua schoolchild paub los ntawm leej twg yog Nicholas Gnedich thiab tus pab nws ua lub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Cuaj kaum, nws lub npe yog fwm los ntawm cov centuries, thiab cov "Iliad" translation yog tseem xam tau tias yog unbeatable.