Froyanov historian Igor Y .: biography, scientific tej hauj lwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich yog ib tug zoo-paub historian, txawj sau ntawv thiab cov pej xeem daim duab. Nws nyob ib qho interesting thiab sij hawm uas tseem lub neej, tag nplooj siab rau nws cov hauj lwm. Nws sau tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm, uas yog heev nrov txawv teb chaws.

yau xyoo

Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich yug nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1936. Nws txiv yog tus Kuban Cossacks thiab cov tub rog liab loj (repressed nyob rau hauv 1937). Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws twb liam ntawm counterrevolutionary kev ua ub no thiab raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag, uas twb hloov los ntawm ib xyoo caum ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zog camp. Nyob rau hauv 1957, Yakhauj Froyanov twb rehabilitated. Nws txiav txim siab tsis rov qab mus rau lub tsev neeg rau tus kheej yog vim li cas, yog li Igor Yakovlevich tsis paub nws ob niam txiv: nws twb tsa los ntawm ib tug niam.

hauj lwm

Txij li thaum 1955, Igor Y. tub rog kev pab cuam yog nyob rau peb lub xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, nws txiav txim siab mus rau hauv lub Stavropol pedagogical lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub Department of History. Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv nws tus thawj saib xyuas yog cov xibfwb Romanovsky. Txoj kev tshawb no twb muab rau nws yooj yim, vim hais tias tus kwv nws tus kheej yog zoo li. Tom qab kawm tiav Igor txiav txim siab mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Russia. Saum toj no tag nrho, nws xav kom tau mus rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov xibfwb Alexander Zimin, uas yog ib tug kws nyob rau hauv medieval Russia. Ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm dawb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg pab mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias Froyanov sab laug mus rau ua nyob rau hauv Leningrad. Nyob rau hauv 1963, Igor Y. nkag mus hauv lub Leningrad State University. Peb xyoos tom qab, nws ntse defended nws thesis rau hauv kev kawm ntawm nyob cov neeg nyob rau hauv ancient Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1973, nws tau raug sau ntawv rau nws doctoral thesis rau ntawm lub social thiab kev nom kev tswv nta ntawm lub Kievan Rus. Tab sis qhov no ua hauj lwm yog tsis raws li kev vam meej raws li cov thawj. Nws twb luam tawm tsuas yog peb xyoos tom qab, thaum lub xeem Board pom zoo ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1976 Froyanov los ua ib tug kws kho mob ntawm cov keeb kwm sciences, thiab nyob rau hauv 1979 tau txais lub npe ntawm cov xibfwb.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1982-2001 Igor Yakovlevich Froyanov yog thawj ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev tsev kawm ntawv; 1983-2003, nws ua hauj lwm raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub Department ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Dean ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm hnub twb tsis yooj yim rau ib tug historian. Nws phau ntawv muaj tau luam tawm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, tej zaum tus txheej txheem no ncav us txog rau xyoo. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union tus nom tswv views Froyanova tsim definitively: nws hais nyob rau hauv them nyiaj yug ntawm Communist tog.

Basic Phau ntawv, cov pej xeem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nyob rau hauv nws ob tug yooj yim hauj lwm ntawm lub historian nws tau hais rau nws tus kheej saib rau ntawm lub Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab nom tswv yav dhau los ( "Lub kaum hli ntuj thib kaum xya. Nrhiav los ntawm cov tam sim no", "dhia dej mus rau hauv lub abyss"). Cov tsos ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub rhawv tshwm sim los ib resonance ntawm cov pej xeem, vim hais tias qhov no tseem tsis tau sau. Froyanova tswvyim, uas ua zoo rau cov ua ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj Revolution, muaj ntau tw thiab followers uas mob siab tiv thaiv lawv taw tes ntawm view. Los ntawm UFW ntawm tus sau ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog tw xws xav coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm "antifroyanovskoy phiaj los nqis tes."

Lub tswvyim ntawm Ancient Russia

Yuav ua li cas nws sau Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich? Cov zaj dab neeg yog tsis tsuas nws ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj yog ib tug hobby, li ntawd, tag nrho nws cov kev siv zog nws mob siab rau kev tshawb nrhiav txog tej teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv nws proves cov zej zog thiab pre-class system ntawm ancient Russia. Nws refuted lub thov nyiaj ntawm Soviet historians ntawm lub chav kawm ntawv thiab feudalism nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus, uas qhia tias private tswv cuab ntawm thaj av tau zus nyob cov nuj nqis ntawm ib tug qhev (tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis ntawm nyob feudal lords). Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib yam nkaus thiab tsis muaj zog thiab underdeveloped. Ib tug interesting tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj phau ntawv mob siab rau qhov no kawm (1974), nws tsis kam rau cov kev sib liam, tab sis bumping tus nyeem ntawv xav. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm "Kievan Rus. Sau ntawv rau lub socio-thoj keeb kwm "(1980) nws tau tshaj tawm hais tias tab hais tias cov laus Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg muaj pre-feudal cim.

I. Froyanova tswvyim yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub assertion hais tias cov neeg nyob rau hauv ancient Russia twb dawb, lawv tau koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Chamber. Yog muaj lus nug ntawm lub hwj chim, qhov kev xaiv tsa thiab lub ntiab tawm ntawm lub princes tau koom rau cov hwv zej zog. Lub ntsiab xaus ntawm lub keeb kwm yog hais tias lub ancient Lavxias teb sab xeev tau tsim ua ntej pib cov chav kawm ntawv faib.

Thuam ntawm cov keeb kwm views

Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich, uas nws phau ntawv tau tshwm sim los muaj teeb meem tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pej xeem, muaj kuj tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm kev thuam. historian Froyanova tswvyim tshiab thiab hnyav lus nyob rau hauv historiography. Nws tsis pom zoo qhov official Soviet lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev. Thaum xub thawj, nws tej hauj lwm tau tsuas tsis quav ntsej li, tab sis, ces nws tsaus muag cua daj cua dub ntawm kev thuam. Ua nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm thawj, Igor Y. txuas ntxiv mus rau sau. Las mees nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, ces tus views ntawm nws tw them nws nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nqi (misunderstanding qub Lavxias teb sab ntawv nyeem, ib tug ncaim lub "official txoj kev" ntawm Marxism yuav las mees). Vim hais tias ntawm no cua daj cua dub yog tus thib peb phau ntawv ntawm tawm tsam nplooj siab mus rau lub ntsiab lus, twb tsis luam tawm kom txog thaum lub Kwvyees li xyoo 1990. Ntawm cov feem ntau ardent critics ntawm lub historian yuav tau muab sau tseg S. Tikhvin, B. Rybakov, V. Pashuto, Y. Limonov.

Thuam ntawm nom tswv kev ua si

Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich, uas nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm ntse thuam, tshwm sim los zoo ib yam li controversy vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov nom tswv views. Nyob rau hauv 2001, 137 zaum tau luam tawm ib daim ntawv, uas nyeem hais tias Froyanova ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tuam tsev coj mus rau ib tug sib sib zog nqus teeb meem. Tshwj xeeb xim tau them mus rau lub fact tias Igor Yakovlevich Froyanov khaws nws lub hwj chim, dismissing neeg ua hauj lwm, uas nws perechat. Nyob rau hauv 2003, nws tau tso tawm los ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm keeb kwm. Nws kuj paub tias lub tswv yim sib cav pawg neeg nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua twb liquidated (60 votes txhawb qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub koom haum saib xyuas, 37 votes tawm tsam thiab 8 - abstained). Professors kuj liam ntawm tiav kev rho tawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, uas entailed ib tug ua kom pom tseeb ntawm nws lub hwj chim. ntawv nyeem ntawm lub chaw nyob muaj ib tug ntau weighty accusation, hais tias cov kev qhia thiab kev kawm ntawm Igor Froyanova veiled tsiv nom tswv propaganda. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm xibfwb Florina M. hais tias muaj yog ib tug ntshiab kev tsim txom ntawm tus paub txog, thiab lub Union ntawm Writers ntawm Russia thov mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj coj los nrog ib tug kev thov hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tso tawm los ntawm tus ncej ntawm Igor Jakovljevic lub taub hau. Lawv sib cav hais tias lub keeb kwm txhob txwm tshaj tawm ciaj sia los ntawm lub collective "Westerners thiab tsis nrug intellectuals."

Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich Hais Plaub

Igor Froyanov sau ntau tej hauj lwm. Peb yuav sau tsuas lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav: "Kievan Rus. Sau ntawv rau lub socio-economic keeb kwm "," Kievan Rus. Sau ntawv rau lub socio-thoj keeb kwm "," Kievan Rus. Sketches ntawm Lavxias teb sab historiography "," Kievan Rus. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov socio-economic system "," Lub kaum hli ntuj thib kaum xya, "" Pib ntawm Christianity nyob rau hauv Russia "," Tus paub tsis meej ntawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus "thiab lwm tus neeg.

tam sim no

Rau hnub tim, cov xibfwb Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv thiab ib tug muaj zog scientific thiab cov kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv 2013, nws txhawb cov tswv yim hais tias cov duab Repin yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nyob rau hauv lub gallery: nws yog tsim nyog los hloov mus rau cov kev fund. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias tus zaj duab xis thiab txhawb nqa qhov falsity ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab captures lub hais lus phem. Txawm li cas los, Lebedev (gallery thawj coj) ho tsis txhawb no tsab ntawv tsa suab, hais tias cov zaj duab xis "Ivan Grozny ..." yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub gallery.

Ntsiab lus hauv tsab xov xwm, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus kws txiav txim historian Froyanova kev ua si yuav tsuas yuav ib tug tshwj xeeb. Yuav kom to taub li cas koj hnov hais txog nws lub tswv yim, txaus mus nyeem cov ntsiab hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm kev cai lij choj txiav txim nyob rau ancient Russia. Ces koj los ua ib tug supporter ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Igor Jakovljevic los yog kiag li tsis kam lees yuav nws lub tswvyim. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws lub tswv yim, backed los ntawm cov lus tseeb thiab cov lus sib cav, muaj txhua txoj cai nyob ua ib ke. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias ntse thuam yuav muab tau los tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm tus ntse tsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj blinding tseeb hais tias ob peb cov neeg txaus siab.