FreeBSD 10: installation thiab configuration

Thaum nws los txog rau UNIX-raws li systems, peb yuav tsis nco qab txog cov dawb FreeBSD project. Haib thiab txhim khu kev qha system, uas, Tu siab, yog heev tham teem thiab tsim ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem rau cov neeg uas tseem sau qhov uas yuav ntawm nws cov teeb. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov system. Ntawm no koj yuav nrhiav tau cov lus ceeb toom, qhia txog yuav ua li cas rau nruab FreeBSD 10, raws li tau zoo raws li nrov Cheebtsam yuav tsum tau rau ib tug yooj yim configuration thiab lag luam nrog rau hauv lub tsev.

Yuav ua li cas yog FreeBSD?

FreeBSD 10 - ib tug dawb operating system, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm Berklee nyob rau hauv 1993. FreeBSD yog ib tug ua kom tiav operating system nrog lub noob pob kws, ib tug txheej ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab txhawb txhua yam nrov platforms, xws li caj NPAB thiab PowerPC. Lub system yog yus muaj los ntawm siab stability thiab tau tsim muaj nws tus kheej raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv nws puag servers.

FreeBSD pursues lub tswv yim ntawm minimalism, yog li lub kaw lus yuav tsis nrhiav tau cov graphical interface thiab pib-installer. Txhim kho thiab configuring FreeBSD 10 yuav siv sij hawm thiab yuav tsum tau tej kev txawj. Txawm li cas los, tham txog nws ntxiv lawm.

ceev faj

Tsis automation. Tag nrho system installation thiab cov kev tswj cov txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv phau ntawv hom. Txawm lub installation pob khoom rau FreeBSD 10 - ib tug tiag tiag noj mov. Standard PKG nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsis taug qab dependencies, yog li ntawd txawm hais tias koj nruab qhov tsim nyog pob, tab sis lub system yog tsis pom nws nyob pob, nws cia li yuav tsis pib. Quav ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub system nws tus kheej yog tsis khaws cia, thiab yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los nce tshaj hauv Internet thiab systematically rov xyuas ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv, li txawm nyob rau hauv lub official phau ntawv yog deb ntawm tiav.

Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus installation txheej txheem yuav raug ncua. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum lub disc los yog "flash drive" muaj no tsuas muaj rau lub hauv paus operating system, thiab lwm yam tawm los ntawm lub FreeBSD repository, cov kev ceev ntawm uas yog heev unpleasant impressive.

Npaj rau nruab

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv seem no peb xav txog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum raug xam tias yog ua ntej lees paub lub installation ntawm FreeBSD 10.

• GUI yuav tsis, thiaj li yuav npaj rau dab tsi yuav tau kawm yuav ua li cas siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg kawm lub commands kom tswj tau tus system (thiab muaj ib tug heev heev) thiab ib tug ntau ntawm typing (yog, tsis muaj "tsab-muab tshuaj txhuam" yog tsis).
• Nco ntsoov hais tias lub installation ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm thiab qab haus huv. Rau txhua yam yuav siv sij hawm tshaj 4 teev thiab kaum luam yeeb / kas fes khob. Yuav npaj thiab zoo highlight qhov xyaum ua tej yam nyob rau hauv ib hnub twg.
• Yog hais tias peb yuav sib tham txog tus thawj system yog rau nruab FreeBSD koj yuav tsum tau ib tug DVD-txoj kev system (nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub official lub website).
• Rau nruab FreeBSD nrog ib tug 10 "lo" yuav tsum tau uniboot cuab tam thiab ib tug ua hauj lwm computer uas yuav raug kaw.
• Ua ntej yuav pib lub installation yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv ib tug haum "tshuab", uas yog tsis txhob cia ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab koj tsis mloog yuav tsum tau "tua". Raws li ib tug txoj cai, siv lub qub computer, nyob rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub lub sam thiaj.
• Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis nyob rau hauv ua ntej los npaj kuv tus kheej ib txoj kev nkag tau mus rau hauv Internet (nyob rau koj lub xov tooj los yog lwm lub computer). Tsis muaj kev qhia ntawv thiab kev pab ntawm cob txhua tus neeg ua tsis tau.

Installation thiab configuration ntawm lub system

Npaj ib "flash card" los yog ib tug disc nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub cev, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau tus BIOS thov kom booting los ntawm lwm xov xwm. Tom qab hais tias, cov installation txheej txheem yuav pib.

• Tus thawj yam uas tus neeg siv pom - Zoo siab txais tos kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab peb xaiv rau nraum chaw thau khoom. Koj yuav tsum xaiv Nruab.
• Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no lub qhov rais koj yuav tau kev tshoov siab xaiv ib tug keyboard layout. Kuv tsis xav tau dab tsi, vim hais tias lub neej ntawd yog lus Askiv, thiab nws peb xav tau.
• Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej rau ib lub npe rau cov neeg rau zaub mov (koj muaj peev xwm xaiv tau ib yam ntawm koj xaiv).
• Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no qhov rais, lub installer qhia rau koj mus xaiv lub Cheebtsam ntawm lub system uas yuav tsum tau ntsia ua ke nrog rau cov ntsiav thiab puag system. Koj muaj peev xwm xaiv ib tug tsawg heev installation thiab download tau cov tsim nyog hais tom qab, tab sis zoo dua tseem pre-nruab Cheebtsam thiab lub src ports, vim hais tias lawv yog raws nraim yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev kawm.
• Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav tsum teem tuaj koj network. Koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muab tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm DHCP txaus yuav tsuas pom zoo txais yuav qhov no raws tu qauv chaw.
• Qhov tseem nyuab txoj kev - phua lub disk rau hauv qhov chaw. Yog hais tias cov kev npaj tsis nruab nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog lwm tus system, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv automatic rhuav tshem ntawm lub tag nrho disk. Lub installer yuav qhia los ntawm lub cim xeeb khej thiab muaj yuav pib lub installation.
• Thaum kawg ntawm lub FreeBSD installation txheej txheem koj yog prompted los ua ib tug 10-paus neeg siv thiab thov kom nws rau rau lo lus zais.
• Cov kauj ruam kawg yog rau configure lub sij hawm zoo ua noj. Muaj tsis muaj teeb meem, tsuas yog xav tau mus tham nrog rau tej ke moos.

Txhim kho KDE nyob rau hauv FreeBSD 10

Tom qab rau lub hauv paus operating system, ntau cov neeg siv yog siv FreeBSD raws li ib tug lub tsev operating system, download tau thiab nruab ib lub GUI. Feem ntau cov feem ntau cov kev xaiv ntog rau KDE. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj yog ib lub tswv yim uas ua nom KDE rau FreeBSD 10 - nws yog ib qho nyuaj mus rau tiv nrog no ua hauj lwm yuav ua tau.

Ua ntej peb yuav tau npaj lub database thiab thauj cov xov tooj ntawm tej pob khoom:

• Graphic neeg rau zaub mov yog ntsia pkg nruab xorg pab neeg.
• Cov neeg tsav tsheb rau lub graphics adapter ntsia hais kom pkg nruab nvidia-tsav tsheb.
• Lub plhaub nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm yuav ntsia pkg nruab KDE pab neeg.
• Lub graphics cav Pa, tsim nyog rau lub plhaub txheej hais kom pkg nruab gtk-pa-engine.
• Lub configuration ntaub ntawv yog ntsia KDE-gtk-config hais kom ua.

Nrog kev xav txog cov installation ntawm lub plhaub nws tus kheej, nws yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev sib txawv: los ntawm lub web siv pkg_add -R KDE hais kom ua los yog los ntawm lub ports los mus rau cov directory cd / usr / ports / x11 / kde3 thiab khiav lub ua nruab huv hais kom ua.

Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau xaiv ib tug tshiab desktop raws li lub neej ntawd desktop. Ua li no, hloov cov .xinitrc cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm qhov hais kom ua ncha «exec startkde»> ~ / .xinitrc.

Tam sim no ua hauj lwm tau ua tau yuav pib siv qhov hais kom ua startx.

Txhim kho ib tug MC nyob rau hauv lub FreeBSD 10

MC - ib tug tsiaj ntawv ntawm ib tag hmo Commander. Nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cuab tam rau tswj ntaub ntawv.

Yog li ntawd, teem lub MC yuav tsum:

• Mus rau lub directory ports cd / usr / ports / misc / mc hais kom ua.
• config. Khiav xaiv configuration make config.
• Nruab tus neeg ua nruab huv hais kom ua.
• Yog hais tias installation yog muaj tseeb, ces tus neeg yuav tsum khiav mc hais kom ua.

Tag nrho cov dependencies (tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv thiab hlauv taws xob) yuav tsum downloaded txiav los ntawm lub Internet (nrog ib tug broadband kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub Internet).