Free oscillation

Oscillatory dab - ib qho ntawm feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv txoj kev kawm muab kev koom tes ntau yam ceg ntawm kev txawj ntse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog physics. Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi yog hu ua dawb oscillations, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no pab pawg no ib tug siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm oscillatory phenomena uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Muaj cov nram qab no, txwv kom muab zais raws li cov nram qab no yog vim li cas.

Lub cev xwm paub qhov txawv deeg mechanical, electromagnetic thiab mixed, sib txuas cov yam ntxwv twb hais.

Los ntawm txoj kev ntws nyob rau hauv kev kawm emit deeg:

- yuam, uas yog, cov neeg uas yog hu ua thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau hom ntawm sab nraud cuam tshuam kev kawm nyob rau hauv uas lawv tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum ua raws li cov nqe lus ntawm periodicity ntawm cov teeb;

- free oscillations, hu ua txawm tus kheej, uas yog pib los ntawm hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab cov uas muaj kev ruaj attenuation thaum qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Internal rog tsis tu tsis tseg los yog txo;

- oscillations - xws uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj ib tug system muaj peev xwm (tej zaum zog), muab tw oscillations. Tsev tshaj free oscillations txawv los ntawm lub oscillations, lub amplitude quav yog tsis hais lus rau cov thawj zaug zog ntawm cov pib mem tes, thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev system;

- parameter - nws deeg uas yog generated nyob rau hauv pem hauj lwm oscillating system ntawm tej parameter projecting manifestation ambient zog;

- random hloov mus hloov los yog cov neeg uas ua nyob rau hauv lub oscillatory txheej txheem yam yog random, tsis parametric nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Summing li cov yam ntxwv, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias, nyob rau hauv nws cov feem ntau cov kev daim ntawv hloov mus hloov los - qhov no yog rov qab nyob rau tu ncua hloov ib co ntawm cov system nrog hwm rau nws equilibrium lub xeev. Feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm ces oscillatory dab nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb yeej yog tus neeg kho tshuab phenomena, tshuaj, yoj thiab hluav taws xob, astronomy, thiab lwm yam electromagnetic. Ib tug ntau feature ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis muaj kev zam, kev co hom, yog hais tias lawv yog ncaj qha kev cob cog rua nrog lub zog txoj kev hloov - lub transformation ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm lub zog mus rau lwm lub.

Raws li twb tau hais, starting taw tes rau soj qab qhov xwm ntawm oscillatory dab, yog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej hom li free oscillations. Lawv yooj yim yam ntxwv yog cov nram qab no:

- lub amplitude (A) - nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub variation ntawm lub system los ntawm nws cov equilibrium lub xeev (feem ntau siv qhia ntawm qhov nruab nrab tus nqi);

- lub sij hawm (T) - ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm uas nws tseem tau los txhim kho repetition system xeev;

- tej yam ntuj tso zaus (f) - tus naj npawb ntawm deeg, uas ua rau lub system rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm unit. Qhov no parameter yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv Hertz (Hz).

Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov mis uas characterizes cov dawb co raws li ib tug tshwm sim. Rau ntau vibrational systems tsis nyob rau hauv cov mis no yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ob peb ua ke, nyob ntawm seb dab tsi particular system nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj resonant Circuit Court lub sij hawm thiab pes tsawg zaus yog hais txog los ntawm: f = 1 / T, therefrom nws yog tshwm tias lub sij hawm thiab pes tsawg zaus yog rov qab qhov tseem ceeb.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog free oscillations uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system, uas yog tsau statically dhia, uas muaj ib tug tej yam elasticity (k), yuav tsum rov hais dua rau Newton tus thib ob txoj cai. Muab nws cov mis uas qhia cov vibrational thaj chaw ntawm no system yuav: F = -kx. Qhov no qhia hais tias yog peb tsis quav ntsej txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov rog ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab hnyav npaum li cas raws li ib tug qhov nqi, xws li ib tug system yuav yeej ib txwm oscillate nrog tib lub sij hawm, txawm nrog txawv amplitudes thiab thawj zaug tej yam kev mob ntawm lawv tshwm sim.