Foliated Lichens: qhov kev piav qhia, yam ntxwv, qauv thiab nta

Lichens yog symbiotic cov pab pawg neeg ntawm fungi, ntsuab algae thiab cyanobacteria. Lub npe los ntawm cov kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov kab mob no mus rau lawv cov tsos nrog ib co daim tawv nqaij cov kab mob, thiab translates los ntawm Latin raws li "hlwv."

hauj lwm symbiotes

Lawv kis thoob plaws lub teb chaws, thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob Attendance zoo nyob rau hauv txias mob rocky struts thiab nyob rau hauv kub deserts. Lawv xim yuav ua tau heev ntau haiv neeg xim: liab, daj, dawb, xiav, xim av, dub. Lub mechanism ntawm tsim ntawm Lichens yog tsis qoos taub. Tiam sis nrog lub tseeb peb yuav hais tias lawv tsim cuam tshuam los ntawm tshav ntuj. Muaj crustose, bushy thiab foliated Lichens. Thallus thawj zoo li ib tug ua kiav txhab, uas adheres rau lub substrate. Lawv yog cov me me (2-3 cm), hauj lwm ua ke nrog txhua lwm yam mus rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv tus nto ntawm tsob ntoo trunks, pob zeb tsim conglomerates nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm kaum tawm centimeters. Bushy - ntau tshaj kab mob uas loj hlob vertically, thiab yuav ncav cuag ob peb meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav sib tham txog lub thib ob hom kab mob, cov tsos thiab cov qauv ntawm cov foliated Lichens li lawv daim ntawv nplooj ntawm cov ntoo.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv hais muaj

Thallus los yog thallus - nws yog ib feem ntawm ib leeg-celled los yog multicellular fungi, mosses thiab Lichens. Yog hais tias peb los sib piv nrog rau cov nroj tsuag, rau lawv nws yog lawv tus me ntsuab ceg. Lub thallus los yog tej zaum yuav nplooj-bushy.

GIFA - filamentary formations, li ib tug kab laug sab lub web. Nws yog ib tug multi-core thiab multi-cellular. Thiab npaj rau haum cov as-ham, dej thiab zoo li web yuav siv tau rau tuag ntawm lwm yam kab mob (e.g., fungi txhom).

Substrate - nto uas tus kwv yog txuas. Nws tseem yog tug yug me nyuam hauv av rau ib co ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab Lichens.

Tsos foliated Lichens

Lub thallus muaj ib tug sib npaug zoo, nplooj zoo li tus thiab phaj-zoo li tus, tej zaum muaj ib tug los yog ob peb qhov chaw. Ib tug hyphae loj hlob ntawm cov npoo los yog raws lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm lub voj voog. Foliose Lichens muaj rau hauv daim ntawv sloevidnoy phaj nyob rau ntawm lub substrate kab rov tav yam. Correctness thallus daim ntawv nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub substrate. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws ntau raws nraim, lub Bole round yuav zoo li Lichen.

Nws yog txuas mus rau hauv qab ntawm nws nrog rau kev pab los ntawm ib tug tuab luv luv kav, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub thallus. SAMA phaj kab uas hla ntawm tsis ntau 20-30 cm yog heev tuab thiab uas. Ntxoov ntxoo nws yuav sib txawv los ntawm tsaus ntsuab los yog grey rau xim av thiab dub. Lawv loj hlob heev maj mam, tab sis foliated Lichens me ntsis sai dua lwm cov ntau ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog ntev-lived. Ib txhia fronds muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo. Yog ib tug tib sib raug zoo ntawm cov substrate thiab lub caij ntawm immobility Lichen lub neej.

qauv

Foliated Lichens thallus muaj ob theem, vim lawv dorsovertralnym qauv. Hais tias yog, lawv muaj ib tug sab saum toj thiab hauv qab saum npoo av. Lub sab qaum kev ib ntxhib los du, tej zaum them nrog protuberances, tubercles thiab cilia warthogs. Nyob rau nram qab muaj lub cev, los ntawm cov uas Lichen txuas mus rau ib tug substrate. Raws li cov qauv, nws muaj peev xwm kuj yuav tus los yog ntxhib. Ob qhov chaw no tsis tsuas daim ntawv tiam sis kuj xim siv.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab, kom meej meej distinguishable plaub lub ntsiab anatomical khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg:

• sab sauv nyuj;
• seaweed;
• cov tub ntxhais;
• qis nyuj.

Foliated Lichens yog dim de txuas mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub substrate thiab yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm nws. Tab sis, ntawm thallus thiab puag muab airbag. Nws nourishes cov pa yog ib feem ntawm lub Lichen, nqa tawm nkev pauv, thiab txhawb kom cov tsub zuj zuj thiab tuav ya raws. Hyphae txuas yog ntawm tshwj xeeb organelles - rhizoid.

Thallus yog ib tug hluas cov ntaub ntawv, ces nws yog Monofilament, los yog ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hu ua polifilnym. Cov yav tas tsis muaj ob txhais ceg, lawv lub hauv paus yog nrees rooted mus rau qhov chaw, li ntawd, lawv Bole tuav nyob rau hauv substrate. Lawv yog cov tsis ntshai cua, kub thiab lwm yam huab cua. Thallus yuav dissected rau hauv shares, txiav nyob rau ntawm lub ntug, nws yog muab faib ua lobes. Tej zaum cov tsos ntawm Lichen tsa ib cov lace ntaub.

kis

Foliated Lichens loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nag lossis daus ntog. Lawv tau yooj yim yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau txhua sab av loj, xws li Antarctica, txawm txias. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv liab qab pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb, nyob rau hauv yeej ntawm cov ntoo thiab shrubs, ntxhuab-them stumps, rau cov laus vaj tse ntawm cov vaj tse. Lawv loj hlob raws txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub marshes, hav zoov sawv thiab qhuav meadows. Yeej, lawv thaj chaw thiab ob lub sij hawm vim rau cov kev xaiv ntawm substrate. Thaum tej degradation Lichens feem ntau hloov xim ze rau tsaus ntuj nti thiab grey. Cov av kab mob loj hlob tshwj xeeb tshaj yog luxuriantly, yuav tsum vov loj heev rau tej thaj chaw ntawm av. Cov no muaj xws reindeer ntxhuab (cladonia hav zoov).

Hom foliated Lichens

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, kis tawm tshaj 25 txhiab. Lichens. Yog hais tias koj tau faib cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub substrate uas lawv xav kom yuav txuas, nws yuav ua tau:

• Ntawm av - nyob rau ntawm av los yog xuab zeb (e.g., xim av Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - txuas mus rau lub pob zeb, pob zeb (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov ntoo thiab shrubs, feem ntau nyob rau hauv nplooj thiab stems (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - nyob rau ntawm tuag ntoo, stumps tsis muaj tawv, cov phab ntsa ntawm qub vaj tse (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias tib genus tej zaum yuav muaj ob hom ntawm foliated thalli, thiab nrog bushy, los yog intermediate cov ntaub ntawv.

Lichen Parmelee

Raws li nws nrog cov qauv yog zoo heev rau cov ntsuab alga. Nws nto tej zaum yuav daj, xim av nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm ntsuab, dub thiab dawb inclusions. Rhode Parmelee - foliose Lichen, uas muaj xws li hais txog 90 hom, tsuas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Russia, tau txiav mus rau hauv loj qhov chaw ntawm thallium. Nws tuaj yuav tau ob leeg nqaim thiab dav. Nws hlob Attendance zoo rau tus yeej ntawm cov ntoo thiab pob zeb, nws adapts rau kuab nroog kev nyab xeeb. Tus duab ntawm no sia yog li ntawd ntau haiv neeg uas tuaj yuav qhia qhov tseeb hais tias Lichens yog txwv kom muab zais xwb nyob rau hauv zoo li yog tsis ib txwm advisable. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no, cov hmoov los ntawm Parmelee siv los mus nres cov ntshav nrog cov qhov txhab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ntxiv rau hmoov txhuv, los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kab thiab ua rau kom lub txee lub neej.

Foliated Lichens, nws lub npe yog txiav txim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau cov qauv thiab cov duab, tab sis kuj cov aura ntawm vaj tse, substrate views yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj. Lawv yog cov ua kua loj thiab me me nyuj. Tsis ntev los no hmoov yog lug siv raws li cov khoom noj additives constituting pharmaceuticals. Tsetrarii, piv txwv li, siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua anti-raws plab, los tsim kho lub cev, normalizes lub digestive ib ntsuj av tau, thiab nws yog ib feem ntawm ntau tshuaj antiviral.