Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - nws ... Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, visual arts, zaj duab xis thiab suab paj nruag, ib tug tshiab, yam txawv lub classical views on tswv yim kev coj, hais tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab qhia txog lub subjective puab ntiaj teb ntawm tus txiv neej. Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem muaj teeb meem thiab complex flows.

Yuav ua li cas puas tau expressionism

Expressionism sawv thiab yog feem ntau kom meej meej manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm Austria thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv 1905 nyob rau hauv Dresden ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Kev dua tsev kawm ntawv vajvoog twb tsim los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, uas yog hu ua "Tus choj". Nws koom tau E. Nolde, Klee, P., M. Pihshteyn E. Kirchner. Tsis ntev lawv twb koom los ntawm German nyuab thiab neeg txawv teb chaws, xws li cov neeg tsiv teb los ntawm Russia. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1911, nyob rau hauv Munich muaj tsis tau lwm lub koom haum - cov "Blue Rider", uas Kandinsky, P. Klee, Mark F., L. Feininger.

Nws yog ib cov voj voog los ua tus progenitors ntawm lub artistic cov kev taw qhia, tom qab uas pib tshwm txawj koom haum ua teb, cov phau ntawv Magazine luam tawm nyob rau hauv Berlin ( "The Tempest", "Cua daj", "ua"), muaj ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab suab paj nruag.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub sij hawm "Expressionism" twb coined nyob rau hauv 1910 los ntawm cov historian ntawm lub Czech koom pheej A. Mateychekom. Tab sis ntev ua ntej ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub lig 15th - thaum ntxov 16th centuries, lub Mev artist El Greco thiab Mathias Grünewald los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees twb siv tus txheej txheem ntawm utmost kev tsa nto thiab tig tau nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Ib tug Expressionists ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua pib xav txog lawv tus kheej lawv cov followers thiab, raws li nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm Fridriha Nitsshe (treatise "Yug qee") ntawm lub irrational ( "Dionysian") thaum pib ntawm cov kos duab, pib tsim cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov chaos ntawm txoj kev xav thiab txoj kev qhia nyob rau hauv kos duab.

Yuav ua li cas yog expressionism

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias Expressionism sawv los ntawm lub mob thiab complex tshua ntawm lub psyche ntawm cov neeg mus rau lub horrors ntawm niaj hnub kev vam meej, xws li tsov rog (thawj lub ntiaj teb), tus revolutionary zog. Ntshai, ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab vim, mob, mutilated psyche - tag nrho cov no tsis muab qhov nyuab perceive lub ntiaj teb no objectively. Thiab ces nws ua ib tug tshiab hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas tag tsis lees txais cov naturalism thiab tsim kom zoo nkauj txais tau nyob rau hauv yav dhau los tiam ntawm creators.

Loog ntawm Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, painting thiab suab paj nruag raws li cov kev qhia ntawm subjective txoj kev xav, qhia txiv neej lub puab ntiaj teb no. Nws yuav tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov duab, thiab cov kev qhia ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv (mob, qw, ntshai heev). Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm yog tsis yeej los ntawm tu tub tu kiv ntawm kev muaj tiag, thiab cov kev hloov ntawm cov yaam puab paub nrog nws. Mob siab siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev qhia - ib tug exaggeration, complexity los yog simplification, offset.

Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Composers tau yeej ib txwm aspired rau tus tshiab thiab tsis paub hais tias. Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov eras twb musicians uas "mus txog hnub", thiab nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub tshiab tiam sis ntawm cov kos duab qhib thiab muaj devised lawv txoj kev los ntawm cov suab paj nruas txhais tau tias kev qhia.

Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - ib tug "psychogram tus tib neeg ntsuj plig." Yog li ntawd hais tias cov German philosopher Theodor Adorno. Tej kev lig kev cai, lub classic ntaub ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruas muaj pes tsawg leeg, tonality thiab lwm yam kev txwv yeej (Classicism, Romanticism, Rococo) Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag rejects nws thiab yog nws cov ntsiab feature.

Lub ntsiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia

• Cov huab degree ntawm dissonance nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo.
• Tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm qhov luaj li cas thiab lub classic atherosclerosis ntawm cov suab paj nruag.
• Intermittence, sharpness, tawg melodic kab.
• Ntse thiab nonstandard Team sib thiab chords.
• Fickle music tempo sharply thiab poob nthav.
• Qhov uas tsis muaj ib tug txheej txheem loj-me hom - atonality.
• Hloov lub suab instrumental thiab vice versa.
• Hloov hu nkauj hais lus, ntxhi, lub suab nrov nrov.
• Lus thiab tej yam txawv accents nyob rau hauv cov atherosclerosis.

Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub XX xyoo pua tau coj mus rau ib tug muaj zog hloov nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm nws. Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - qhov no yog ib tug ncaim lub classical daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom, loj, me, tonalities thiab harmonies. Cov tshiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia raws li atonality (paug ntawm lub logic ntawm lub classical loj-me hom), dodecaphony (a ua ke ntawm lub kaum ob tones), txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev hu nkauj nyob rau hauv suab tej hauj lwm (kev hais lus, hu nkauj, ntxhi, shouting), tau coj mus rau lub tseem ncaj "qhia ntawm nws tus plig "(Adorno).

Lub tswvyim ntawm cov suab paj nruas expressionism nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua vim lub Ob txhais Viennese School (Viennese) thiab lub npe ntawm tus Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg. Cov thawj thiab thib ob xyoo caum ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, Schoenberg thiab nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv Alban Berg thiab Anton Webern nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev taw qhia thiab sau ntawv ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tshiab style. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1910 nws tsim nws tej hauj lwm nrog ib tug ib txwm mus Impressionism xws composers:

• Paul Hindemith.
• Igor Stravinsky.
• Bela Bartok.
• Ernst Krenek.

Tshiab music tau tshwm sim los ib tug cua daj cua dub ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv thiab ib tug yoj ntawm kev thuam ntawm cov pej xeem. Muaj ntau thought expressionist music Composers frightening thiab terrifying, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv nws ib tug tej yam tob, self-willed thiab mysticism.

lub tswv yim

Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag composers pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev kaj lug thiab mob subjective kev, tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm ib tug neeg. Xai kho siab, kev nyuaj siab, tsis meej pem, kev ntshai, kev mob, kev nyuaj siab, thiab tag kev cia siab - hais tias yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas lub musicians xav qhia nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Suab suab, tsis muaj melodies, dissonant nqe vaj lug kub, ntse thiab discordant jumps, fragmented atherosclerosis thiab tempo, lus accents, lub alternation ntawm muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog shares, tsis yog-tus qauv siv ntawm cov cuab yeej (nyob rau hauv ib tug nontraditional register nyob rau hauv unconventional khaub ncaws ntau) - tag nrho ntawm cov tswv yim no tau raug tsim los qhia txoj kev xav thiab qhia tawm ntawm lub composer tus plig.

Composers - Expressionists

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - yog:

• Arnold Schoenberg (lub song voj voog "Pierrot Lunaire," monodrama "Tos", cantata "A Survivor ntawm Warsaw", lub opera "Mauxe thiab Aloo," "Ode rau Napoleon").

• Ernst Krenek (opera "Orfeo Euridice" opera "Johnny strumming").

• Bela Bartok ( "Sonata", "Thawj Piano Concerto", "Peb Piano Concerto", "Music rau cov hlua, Percussion thiab Celesta", "Lub Rite ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav", "Lub Miraculous Mandarin" thiab lwm yam hauj lwm).

• Paul Hindemith (one-act opera "tua neeg, Cia Siab ntawm poj niam", piano suite "1922").

• Igor Stravinsky ( "Renard", "Lub kab tshoob", "Lub Nightingale," "Tus Firebird," "Petrushka" thiab ntau lwm yam hauj lwm).

• Gustav Mahler (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tom qab tej hauj lwm, "Song ntawm lub ntiaj teb" thiab cov tsis tas ua Tenth Symphony).

• Alban Berg ( "Wozzeck" opera).

• Anton Webern (Tsib orchestral Tej daim, txoj hlua Trio, "Holy ntawm qhov chaw Dawb Huv", kontata "Lub teeb ob lub qhov muag").

• Richard Strauss (lub opera "Elektra" thiab "Xas Los Mes").

Chamber music nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm expressionism

Yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim hais tias lub Schoenberg tsev kawm ntawv txav deb deb ntawm qhov siv symphonic cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws yuav yus expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Dluab ntawm chamber music (rau ib yam twj paj nruag, duets, quartets los yog quintets thiab me me orchestras) nyob rau hauv no style yog cov ntau ntau heev. Schoenberg ntseeg hais tias nws invention - atonality - tsis haum zoo nrog lub tej hauj lwm ntawm monumental thiab widescreen.

Viennese tsev kawm ntawv - nws yog ib tug txawv txhais lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Chaos, sab ntsuj plig, ib tug tshiab kev txiav txim zoo txog qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej tsis muaj embellishment thiab xav xav tau tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm artistic qhia. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm melodic invention txawv laus - ib tug ntxeev siab tawm tsam cov tshuaj saib txog art - yeej ib txwm aroused indignation cov critics thiab teeb meem. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv lub Ob txhais Viennese composers tau txais thoob ntiaj teb paub thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm listeners.