Ethylene ntau lawm

Ethylene los yog ethane yog tsis muaj kob uas muaj roj tsis muaj zog nrog lub zog mus qis thiab tsis hnov tsw tsw qab. Cov tshuaj formula yog C2H4. Ethene yog qhov nyuaj alkene (unsaturated hydrocarbons muaj ib tug muab ob npaug rau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm uas nyob ib sab carbon atoms). Cov dos loj yog 28.05 g / mol. Qhov nruab nrab qhov taw rau yog -169.2 ° C, lub npau npau yog -103.7 ° C. Flash point yog -136 ° C, autoignition yog +542.8 ° C. Nyob rau hauv 1680, I. Berger (German tus kws kho mob thiab kws tshuaj) ntawm ethyl cawv thaum raug roj ntawm vitriol (thiaj hu ua lub sij hawm sulfuric acid) twb xub tiav tau ethylene los ntawm ethanol. Cov yam ntxwv mis ntawm ethylene nyob rau hauv 1860, tsim kom muaj Lavxias teb sab chemist A. M. Butlerov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methyl iodide nrog tooj liab. Cov roj no yog me ntsis sib zog dua pa, nws tsis zoo nyob hauv dej, hauv cov organic solvent nws zoo.

Kev tsim tawm ntawm ethylene thiab kev kawm txog nws cov khoom, uas pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thaum 19th, coj hnub no mus rau qhov tseeb tias ethylene yog qhov ntau tshaj-tom qab organic compound. Nws lub ntiaj teb no loj hlob nyob rau hauv 2006 ntau tshaj 109 lab tons. Hnub no qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm ethylene tseem tsim. Los ntawm 2010, nws tsim tsawg kawg yog 117 tuam txhab nyob rau hauv 55 lub teb chaws. Ethylene yog siv los ua raw khoom hauv kev tsim cov siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab polyethylenes, sevylene thiab lwm yam khoom siv los ntawm copolymerization nrog ntau cov neeg tsim txom. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog siv rau zus tau tej cov ethylbenzene thiab styrene, ethylene oxide, yas chloride, yas acetate, acetic acid, ethyl cawv thiab ethylene glycol.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau lawm muaj peev xwm, tswj tau ib ethylene? Feem ntau qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Polyethylenes ntawm ntau hom ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ethylene ntau lawm. Cov khoom siv polymer yog cov khoom siv plhaws tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws tsim cov duab rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Tawm tsam alpha-olefins tau los ntawm oligomerization (tsim ntawm cov chains luv ntawm polymers) yog siv los ua cov khoom ua si, cov khoom ntim, cov khoom yas, cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov khoom ntxiv, thiab cov neeg ua ke ntawm cov khoom ntawm polyethylene. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev siv cov ethylene yog nws qhov oxidation thiaj li tsim ethylene oxide, uas yog lub ntsiab raw raw ntawm cov khoom tsim tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav. Ethylene Oxide no yog raug co raws li ib tug tshwm sim tau ethylene. Nws yog dav siv raws li ib tug tsheb antifreeze.

Hnub no, kev tsim tawm ntawm ethylene yog nqa tawm vim yog cov khoom ntawm cov roj ntsha khiav ncaj nraim los yog muaj feem ntau ntawm cov teeb roj carbon monoxide. Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab cov qub Soviet republics, muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ntau daim ntawv ua tau ua los ntawm domestic (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproftekhnechim) thiab los ntawm cov technologies txawv teb chaws (Linde AG). Kev khiav hauj lwm muaj peev xwm muab faib ua peb pawg: muaj peev xwm tsawg (30 thiab 60 txhiab tons ntawm ethylene rau ib xyoos twg), nruab nrab (100 thiab 200 txhiab tons ib xyoo) thiab siab (300 thiab 450 txhiab tons ntawm ethylene ib xyoos twg). Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev sib txuas nrog ntau dua peev xwm yog ua los ntawm: 400 mus rau 500 thiab txawm mus rau 800 txhiab tons ntawm ethylene ib xyoo. Qhov kev lag luam no ua rau peb txo tej yam ntaub ntawv, lub zog thiab cov nqi peev.

Ethylene yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj nroj tsuag, xws li chav tsev pyrolysis, kev siv roj cais, thiab chaw kho dej tshuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos - roj los yog lwm cov teeb nrig ntawm roj ntau lawm los yog roj refining hauv cov dej sib xyaw nrog dej vapor (kom txo cov txheej txheem coke tsim rau hauv cov kav dej taws). Cov khoom siv hlais nkag rau hauv qhov cub, qhov chaw pyrogas ua rau kub ntawm 750 txog 900 ° C, hom hydrogen thiab hydrocarbons, nyob rau hauv cov molecules uas yog muaj los ntawm ib qho (methane) rau nees nkaum carbon. Qhov kub ntawm pyrogas yog muab pov tseg rau hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw uas muaj kev kub ceev yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav dej, thiab cov pyrogas txias nkag mus rau hauv lub pyrolysis (hnyav) thiab pyro-condensate reag separating unit. Tom qab ntawd pyrogas muaj mas hydrocarbons los ntawm C1 rau C4, yog txhab khoom mus rau turbocharger (lub turbine tsav los ntawm kev kub siab zog), uas nyob rau hauv siab yog noj rau distillation kem roj sib cais system. Ntawm no, cov khoom loj xws li ethylene thiab propylene raug tsim tawm (nws cov qoob loo yog ib txwm muaj 2 zaug tsawg dua ethylene), thiab cov khoom siv: hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butylene-butadiene feem, pyrolysis lub teeb resin los yog cov khoom Lub cev muaj roj.

Nws tseem tuaj yeem tau txais ethylene los ntawm catalytic pyrolysis. Ntawm qhov kev ntsuas, qhov no tsis yog siv, txawm tias nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ntawm ib lub sij hawm tau nqa tawm tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv industrial mob. Nws qhov kom zoo dua yog qhov yuav txo tau qhov kub ntawm pyrolysis vim kev siv cov catalysts. Vim tias ua kom muaj kev xaiv ntawm qhov txheej txheem, cov qoob loo ntawm ethylene thiab propylene tsub kom piv rau thermal pyrolysis, qhov tsim los ntawm by-products thiab cov coke yog txo. Tam sim no, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm kev nrhiav kev ua kom zoo thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem.