Destroyer project 956 "Sarich": kev specifications thiab cov duab

Cov ships ntawm no peb tes num yuav yog cov feem ntau loj heev nyob rau hauv nws chav kawm ntawv. Lawv tau los ntab nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau rau peb cov Navy. TSIBCAUG ncuab ntawm cov thawj qib - ib tug armada es mus ua kom tiav tag nrho cov fleet. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov multi-purpose yuav siv cov lawv mus daws tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev pab raws qib. Head destroyer "Niaj hnub nimno" (project 956) raug tso cia nyob rau hauv 1975, lub xeem nkoj ntawm lub series twb launched nyob rau hauv lig 1993. TSIBCAUG ntawm lub tswv yim npaj rau lwm mus rau kev pab ntawm cov rog ntawm lub USSR thiab Russia tau txais 17. Plaub sail nyob rau hauv lub suav chij. Ob tug ships yog conserved, ob yog nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm Modernization, ob ntau - nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub qaum teb Fleet, tus so sau tawm. Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug loj ntawm cov hlau txiav youngish, nyob rau naval tswv yim ntawm chav nyob?

Vim li cas cov Soviet Union yuav tsum tau tshiab ncuab

Vim li cas tsis kam ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ships ntawm peb tes num 956 yuav tsum tau nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev dua. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-fifties, muaj ib tug tsis muaj hmoo tshwm sim, hu ua lub seamen "Khrushchev yeej." Qaug cawv successes domestic raketostroiteley coj mus rau ib tug loj xaiv yaam blunder. Qhov ntau yam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tej teeb meem tsis yeem vim ruaj siab ntawm kev sib nrig sib puas tsuaj, tab sis hais tias tsis tau txhais hais tias yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub regional xub ntiag ntawm lub Soviet Navy, thiab xyuas kom meej tias nws yog ib yam nyuaj heev tsis muaj tus nyob rau hauv lub arsenal loj ships. Kev nqis tes ua squadrons, yog nyob rau hauv cov dej num nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv sectors ntawm tej thaj chaw deb hiav txwv pom nws nyuaj heev (vim hais tias ntawm lub me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov chav nyob, txoj kev ua lawv "core" thiab muab lub txiaj ntsim kuj). Muaj nyob rau hauv lub USSR tsis tau vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov nqi, ncuab ua ntej lawm tej yaam num (PR. 30-2 thiab 78) cruiser (ex. 68), ua nyob rau hauv Stalin thiab "nedorezanny" Khrushchev, tsis tsuas outdated, tab sis kuj lub cev hnav tawm. Fleet replenishment demanded niaj hnub ships loj tonnage, nruab - nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog foob pob ua ntxaij launchers - ib tug haib artillery. Nws yog li no xeeb newest destroyer Project 956, ib qho mob ceev yuav tsum tau rau cov uas tau raug siab to taub tom qab ib tug loj-scale ce "dej hiav txwv", muaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1970.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub destroyer thiab yog vim li cas koj xav tau nws

Destroyer - lub tswvyim ntawm ib tug ib txwm es sau nrog tiag tiag lub ntsiab lus. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, kuv yuav tsis tag rau tej caj npab, tiam sis yog nws lub hom phiaj lub tsheb es yog saws los ntawm ntau navies ntawm lub ntiaj teb no hauv chav kawm ntawv frigates, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj me ntsis nyob rau hauv ntau nrog cov laus Sailboats. Destroyer project 956 "buzzard" (uas yog tus code) yog tsim los ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los missions, uas yuav ua pov thawj yuav tsum tau ntau npaum li cas rau BOD (loj anti-submarine nkoj), ntaub ntawv lub hauv paus ntawm lub Soviet rog nyob rau hauv lub lig sixties. Teb, nws hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog formulated raws li ib tug tua hluav taws them nyiaj yug rau tsaws, qhia nyob rau hauv cov hluav ntawm me me av lub hom phaj, kom ntseeg tau huab cua thiab missile tiv thaiv chav nyob disembarking thiab rhuav tseg tej nkoj nquam tej zaum tus nrog sib ntaus. Nws kuj npaj mus koom nrog BOD (PR. 1155), uas coj cov efficiency ntawm xws li ib tug khub rau lub sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm ntawd, cov American frigate "Spryuens". Raws li lub hom phiaj thiab tsim lub destroyer project 956. Lub nkoj nqi yog kim nyiaj txiag, nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhob tiv thaiv tej lus qhuab qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tawm los rau loj series.

Tsos thiab kev dag nqi loog

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov tub rog cov khoom zoo li no tsis yog raws li ib qho tseem ceeb raws li nws cov functionality, tab sis qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb. Txawm li cas impressive zoo qauv feem ntau nyob ntawm lub ntau yam ntawm nws ua ib tug hneev taw ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, uas nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ua tsov ua rog, yuav ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab tejzaum nws tiv thaiv nws. Raws li nyob rau hauv no premise, tsim, thiab cov destroyer ntawm peb tes num 956. Tus qauv duab uas tau hais qhov Commander IMF Admiral S. G. Gorshkovu nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1971, nws tau pom zoo lom zem ntau vim qhov txaus ntshai pom ntawm lub nkoj, nws cov siab phem txaus ntshai sab nrauv thiab lub dag nyhuv, uas yuav ua nws silhouette tom qab lub tsos ntawm cov hlab nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Layout, ua nyob rau hauv 1:50 teev, naval superiors nyiam: nws yog heev zoo ib yam nrog txawv teb chaws txoj cai lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab tau pom hais tias nws kev kawm nyob rau hauv science thiab technology lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XX caug xyoo. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis yog xwb nyob rau hauv tsos - tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim S. G. Gorshkov, rau tag nrho cov tswv yim uas peb tes num rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov destroyer 956. nta ntawm lub nkoj tseem ceeb, thiab lawv twb tham txog ib tug heev seaworthy.

innovation shipbuilding

Yam ua ntej tsim specialist nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm shipbuilding nyiam tsis tau tsuas yog aesthetically. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov sab nraud tsos ntawm lub nkoj los ua ib tug dej ntws yaug cov vaj tse, nws sheer hneev, kev vam meej txiag ntawm artillery riam phom ntawm lub ntsiab tua hluav taws, qhov chaw ntawm lub huab cua tiv thaiv systems nyob rau hauv lub sab (uas yog muab zoo heev lub sij hawm staging barrage) thiab siab altitude radar antennas (rau zoo dua radar daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas). Hull ntev tas los ntawm muaj peev xwm ntawm Shipyards cog rau lawv. A. A. Zhdanova yog yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 146 meters thiab ib tug dav ntawm 17 m. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug ntau ideology shipbuilding nkoj twb thawj siv tau ntau technologies. Daim Ntawv hneev nug uas tsis yog cheb (mus txog 7 cov ntsiab lus excitement) counter yoj, lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib nqa tawm nrog ib tug muab ob npaug rau puas nto rau txo visibility. Muaj lwm yam nta uas paub qhov txawv cov destroyer project 956 Drawings decks yog ua nyob rau hauv kev ua raws cai nrog lawv cov horizontally hais txog ntawm nkhaus, uas zoo heev pab txoj kev workability ntawm installation. Lub tsev nyob yog muab faib ua kaum tsib watertight compartments, hneev "bulbous" underwater ib feem tsis tsuas thiaj li luag, tab sis kuj ua hauj lwm pab kom muaj tus ncej hydroacoustics (CIM-335MS, nws yog txoj "Platinum). Rationally thov quab yuam hardening ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kev nyuaj siab.

fais fab nroj tsuag

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm no series ntawm ships paub cov kws txawj xav txog outdated fais fab nroj tsuag. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas. Thaum xaiv cov hom turbine S. G. Gorshkov nyiam yog muab rau tus boiler Circuit Court, tsis gas. Qhov no twb ua nyob rau hauv lub yam ntxwv ntawm lub USSR Minister ntawm Shipbuilding B. E. Butomy, ib tug piav rau lub tswv yim ib tug loj load ntawm South turbine nroj tsuag thiab qhov tseeb hais tias lub mov ntawm cov roj roj rau khom nyob rau hauv ib tug lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau sib zog tshaj lub diesel. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub destroyer Project 956 twb nruab nrog ntxaib boiler-turbine nroj tsuag nrog rau ib tug tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm 100 txhiab. Liters. ib tug. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau muab kev ntsuam xyuas thiab hais lus heev nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim los yog tawm tsam nws. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70s muaj ib qho kev ambitious project los ua ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub hauj nam ntawm lub ramjet KTU, Yog hais tias muaj kev vam meej, cog lus tias yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws tsis yog kev vam meej. Thaum kawg, peb yuav tsum tau tsis txhob rau tej laus high-siab boilers, soj ntsuam thiab, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, phem heev. Thiab ib tug ntau sib cav nyob rau hauv lawv cov haum yog rau tus kwv tij cheapness ntawm roj roj. Ntiaj teb zog ntsoog kov thiab lub USSR.

cannons

Underestimating yav dhau los xyoo lawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm artillery nyob rau hauv lub maritime ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm coj CB "Sevmash" caj npab destroyer "Niaj hnub nimno" (Project 956) nrog ob tug ua ke units AK-130, nruab nrog lub "Leo-218" multichannel tswj tshuab (MP-184). Cov kev taw qhia shafts rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub radar ntau finder (laser) thiab TV pab kiag li lawm, thiab ua cov computer firing tsis. Mos txwv pub mechanized tus nqi nce mus txog 90 RDS. / Min, deb tshaj 24 km. Los ntawm artillery hwj chim ntawm tus destroyer ntawm peb tes num tshaj 956 lub nkoj tua rog thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv, uas muaj tsis muaj lwm yam riam phom lwm tshaj cannon. Nyhav xa mus rau lub hom phiaj zoo li (ib feeb) yog ntau tshaj rau tons.

Anti-aircraft artillery agents muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txoj lub hom phaj (xws li cruise cuaj luaj) thiab pib ua ob spaced pobortno 30mm ceg AK-630M. Cov chaw no muaj xws li rau-chim dej txias system tswj los ntawm automation "Pennant". Lawv yog cov tau mus ntaus lub high-ceev khoom ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 4 km nrog ib tus nqi ntawm 4 txhiab. Rounds ib feeb.

cuaj luaj

Cuaj luaj destroyer "buzzard" no yog tsim los nrog huab cua thiab hiav txwv lub hom phaj. Complex "Nag xob nag cua" (nyob rau tom qab versions "Nag xob nag cua Tornado") yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug nqaj launchers, firing ZURami. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov ob mos txwv PU - 48 dav hlau coj cuaj luaj. "Nag xob nag cua" - ib tug universal riam phom, nws yog heev haum rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw ships ntawm me me tonnage (eg, missile los yog torpedo tej nkoj nquam). Number of tracked lub hom phaj thiab puas - mus rau (thaum pib txhua txhua 12 vib nas this).

Tshwj Xeeb antiship tiv thaiv destroyer project 956 ua "yoov tshaj cum" ( "Yoov Tshaj Cum-M") complex, ZM-82 nruab nrog cuaj luaj. Ob tug nroj tsuag, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev tshwj tseg, txhua muaj plaub projectile. Complex kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej yog 120 km (170 nyob rau hauv "Yoov Tshaj Cum-M"). Cuaj luaj supersonic (M = 3), qhov loj heev nyob rau hauv firing charger compartment - peb quintal. Tag nrho cov yim ntawm cov ZM-82 yuav tsum muab tsis pub dhau ib nrab ib feeb pov pab neeg ntawm cov nkoj tswj systems.

Cov ntsiab lus uas cov kev pab

"Buzzard" favorably nrog ntau Navy ships zoo tej yam kev mob ntawm habitability. Destroyer nruab nrog ib tug hluas installation microclimate muab ib tug xis cua nyob rau ntawm ib sab nraud kub xws li los ntawm -25 ° C rau +34 ° C. Rau tus so enlisted cov neeg pab 16 forecastles peev xwm ntawm 10 mus rau 25 cov neeg nyob rau tib lub sij hawm rau txhua tus neeg tsav nkoj muaj rau thaj tsam ntau dua tshaj 3 m². Warrant tub ceev xwm (quadruple) thiab tub ceev xwm (hluas thiab ob chav) muaj cabins 10 square meters. m. Ob tug khab seeb wardroom thiab peb noj mov chav yog siv los noj mov. Nyob rau board muaj yog txhua yam koj xav tau nyob deb ntawm lawv haiv neeg shores: xinesmas, cable TV, tsev qiv ntawv, nrog xov tooj cua, nyiam nqais, sauna. Nyob rau hauv kub huab cua, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm lub commander ntawm lub nkoj peev xwm yuav ua pas dej ua ke.

Hauv lub tsev muaj ib tug kho mob lub chaw kho mob, ib tug muab ob npaug rau insulator, tsev kho mob thiab kev khiav hauj lwm chav tsev.

Tej yam kev mob ntawm habitability thiab kev nplij siab rau cov Project 956 ncuab yog tsis inferior mus rau txawv teb chaws cov qauv, uas cuam tshuam rau export peev xwm ntawm cov ships.

nyuaj lub sij hawm

Peb tes num yog tsim thiaj tau tuaj rau hauv kev siv, thiab ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union rau cov muag khoom ntawm ships ntawm no hom tsis yog txawm ib lo lus nug. Kaum plaub ncuab tuaj koom lub Soviet rog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 1976-1881 xyoo, lawv txhua tus tau raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm plaub lub xyoos. Cov ships tuaj txog rau qhov North (rau) thiab cov Pacific (yim) fleets coj ib feem nyob rau hauv loj-scale naval ce, ua ntev mus ncig ua si, thiab tus phooj ywg mus ntsib mus rau txawv teb chaws ports.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem Soviet xyoo thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR qhov teeb meem no hloov. Sharply txo tsoom fwv tej nyiaj. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov warship tsis tuaj pheej yig. Nyob rau lub xyoo caum, dozens ntawm sau tawm, nyob rau hauv lub Cov Qib ntawm tsib ncuab ntawm no hom, tus so twb rhuav los yog mothballed. "Admiral Ushakov" Kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd (nyob rau hauv 2011), kev sib ntaus los pab nqa nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Fleet muaj tsuas yog ib destroyer Project 956. "Pheej" yog tus flagship ntawm lub Baltic Fleet, thiab "ceev" twb nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Pacific. Muaj tsuas yog peb lub kaum xya uas twb muaj lawm nkoj ua.

By lub sij hawm no, feem ntau ntawm cov systems ntawm riam phom qhab-nees "Sarich" outdated. Ib tug npaj Modernization Project 956 ncuab nrog cruise cuaj luaj rov assumed thiab ib tug tshiab huab cua thiab missile tiv thaiv systems. Yuav Tsum Tau hloov thiab anti-torpedo tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub tuav cov yam ntxwv ncuab tau zoo heev. Ntau yam autonomously los ntawm 4.5 txhiab. Mais, kev kub ceev thiab ib tug haib on-board artillery txhawb fleet commanders caiv los ntawm lub teb ntsoos ntsoos ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm kev pab cuam.

Modernization thiab xa khoom

Ob tug tsis tiav nkoj, tau txais lub tso ntawm lub npe "tseem ceeb" thiab "txawj xav", ces renamed "Ekaterinburg" thiab "Alexander Nevsky", nyob lub lem ntawm ib txhiab xyoo twb tiav thiab muag nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Peb tes num yog nyob rau hauv lub export kev kawm tau undergone kev hloov thiab tau txais cov code 956 E. Cov npe ntawm Suav ships - "Hangzhou" thiab "Fuzhou", lawv los ntawm 2000 mus tam sim no pab raws li ib feem ntawm lub Eastern Naval Fleet ntawm neeg lub Liberation Army ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Modernization Project 956 ncuab series "E" (export) txheeb xwb rau fais fab nroj tsuag thiab ib co riam phom systems.

Ntau loj hloov tau ua raws li ob units tsim los rau cov Suav rog. 956EM destroyer project yog txawv los ntawm cov hloov ntawm lub "E" nyob rau hauv loj, anti-nkoj cuaj luaj nrog kev khwv "Yoov Tshaj Cum-KUV" (lawv coj tawm lub hom phaj nyob rau hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm 200 km) thiab cov tshiab anti-aircraft missile thiab artillery units "Ntseej". Lub aft phom mounts hloov nyoob hoom qav taub hangar. Rau qhov project no, ob ncuab ( "Taizhou" thiab "Ningbo") ua nyob rau hauv 2005 thiab 2006.

Yog hais tias qhov muag ntawm thawj ob lub ntsha PRC piav mas complex nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem post-pib lub sij hawm, daim ntawv cog lus rau cov mov ntawm lub tom ntej no khub tej zaum yuav hu ua txawv teb chaws vam meej cov lag luam. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub tshiab xyoo pua nws yog twb tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub system kab ntawm Modernization ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog, nrog rau cov rog. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, ships tau tsim ntau tshaj cov destroyer Project 956, uas muaj ib tug yees duab yog txuam nrog bygone eras. Loj heev superstructure thiab ntau antennas hloov tsos ntawm cov fleets ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Incidentally, Tuam Tshoj tau tsis poob, yuav ib tug haib thiab txhim khu kev qha sib ntaus sib tua lwm, lub dag zog ntawm nws Navy.