David Hilbert: lub neej ntawm tus poj mathematician

David Hilbert - ib tug naas ej mathematician thiab xib fwb ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws hauv chav kawm ntawv, tsis paub weariness, siab nyob rau hauv nws intentions, inspiring thiab siab dav, ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm. Creative hwj chim, yus originality kev xav, ib tug amazing pom thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm kev txaus siab ua David cov discoverer nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub teb ntawm cov caij nyoog sciences.

Gilbert David: ib tug luv luv biography

David twb yug los nyob rau hauv Vela, nyob ze Königsberg (Prussia). Tau yug los nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 23, 1862, nws yog tus thawj-yug los ntawm niam txiv - Otto thiab Mary. Gilbert tsis yog ib tug me nyuam prodigy; qho muab lub hom phiaj rau tag nrho tshawb txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm txog zauv, nws solved qhov teeb meem uas xav nws. Nrog rau cov kawm tiav ntawm lub tswv yim lam kawm teb ntawm kev txiav txim, David tshuav nws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Vim peb tshuav nyob rau hauv ib tug meej yam, qhia lawv tsim nyog kawm thiab luam tawm ib tug zoo tutorial followers. Gilbert yuav npaj mus nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev: tshaj tawm hais tias tsev kawm ntawv tshiab xyoo, ib tug tshwj xeeb cov hoob kawm nyob rau hauv tsis tau kawm txog lawv nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv thiab kov yeej nws nrog cov nrhiav menyuam kawm ntawv. Yog xav tau rau hoob no suav hais tias ib tug zoo zoo, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag kev cob qhia rau nws yog ib tug lossis loj kev sib tw.

Gilbert thiab nws cov thwj tim

David Hilbert, uas nws biography yog nthuav rau tam sim no tiam, yog zoo thiab paub cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv xav tias tej zaum. Yog hais tias lub txim yog extinguished, tus paub txog lolus qhia rau lawv mus sim rau kuv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv hom ntawm kev ua si. Ib txhia Hilbert menyuam kawm ntawv ua raws li tus xib fwb lub tswv yim thiab ua engineers, physicists thiab txawm sau ntawv. Cov xib fwb tsis to taub idlers thiab lawv xav tias lawv ua tsis tau zoo neeg. Raws li ib tug heev respected txiv neej ntawm science, David tau nws tus kheej peculiarities. Nyob rau hauv sov huab cua, nws tuaj tau ntuas nyob rau hauv ib lub tsho nrog luv luv tes tsho thiab ib tug qhib dab tshos, uas yog tsis befitting ib tug xib fwb, los yog nqa lub paj bouquets ntau passions. Nws yuav los nyob rau hauv lub tsheb kauj vab, raws li yog ib co zoo ntawm khoom plig, muab ib lub taub ntim ntawm chiv. Txawm li cas los, txawm hais tias nws zoo siab hlo, David Hilbert yog zoo nkauj tawv neeg thiab tsis paub yuav thuam cov neeg uas tsis phim nws cov qauv (ib qho nyuaj heev xam tau, qhov twg nws yuav tau ua yooj yim, los yog piav haum cuab kev rau schoolboy theem).

Tus thawj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Hilbert

Nws muaj peev xwm mus pes tsawg sciences David Hilbert, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yog tseem muaj nyob rau hauv Koenigsberg, qhov twg lub profession ntawm kev kawm txog zauv ib tug me ntsis kev nyeem ntawv. Yog li ntawd, opted rau ib tug nyob ntsiag to Göttingen - site sau los ntawm German mathematicians, Hilbert nyob rau hauv 1895 tsiv muaj thiab ua hauj lwm ntse kom txog rau thaum 1933 - vim los rau lub hwj chim ntawm Adolf Hitler.

Nws lectures Gilbert nyeem maj mam, uas tsis muaj frills, uas nquag repetitions nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, David yeej ib txwm hais tias yav dhau los khoom. Hilbert tus lectures yeej ib txwm sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg: lub cuab yuav nabitsya ob peb puas tus neeg uas raug muab tso rau txawm nyob rau qhov rai.

David pib kawm algebra, yuav tsum tau pes tsawg - nrog ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm tus xov tooj. Daim ntawv qhia txog rau qhov kev kawm yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws phau ntawv nyeem.

Hilbert tsev neeg

Muaj hmoo nyob rau hauv kev phooj ywg, David yog unlucky nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg. Nrog nws tus poj niam Kathe lawv tau txais raws zoo heev, tab sis lawv tsuas tus tub yug ib tug moron. Yog li ntawd, Gilbert pom muaj ib qho qhov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog rau ntau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov European thiab American lub teb chaws. Thom nug feem ntau lub koom haum, hiking thiab txheej txheem ib leeg tshuaj yej tog, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv lej ntsiab lus zoo mus rau hauv zoo tib yam sib tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev xai. Prim German professors tsis paub txog qhov no style ntawm kev sib txuas lus; nws yog txoj cai uas Davida Gilberta ua nws lub cai, uas yog kis tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no cov tub ntxhais kawm lej.

Tsis ntev algebraic lej nyiam tsiv nyob rau hauv lub geometry, namely, nyob rau hauv lub infinite qhov chaw. Cov kev txwv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib theem zuj zus, cov kis nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub vectors qhia tau Hilbert qhov chaw - Euclidean kev zoo sib thooj.

Hais txog es thiaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog sciences

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1898-1899 David Hilbert luam tawm ib phau ntawv rau cov me nyuam yaus ntawm geometry, tam sim ntawd los ua ib tug bestseller. Nyob rau hauv nws nws muab ib tug ua tiav system ntawm axioms ntawm Euclidean geometry, npaj lawv mus rau hauv pab pawg, ua rau txhais cov kev txwv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv.

Qhov no kev vam meej tau coj Hilbert mus rau lub tswv yim uas koj muaj peev xwm thov ib tug ntshiab system ntawm cov tseem ceeb axioms thiab txhais cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov zauv teb. Raws li ib tug tseem ceeb piv txwv ntawm ib tug mathematician opted rau cov kev tshawb xav ntawm poob lawm, thiab nyob rau hauv nws - nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Cantor tus pab hypothesis. David Hilbert muaj peev xwm los ua pov thawj rau hauv lub unprovable no hypothesis. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1931 ib tug hluas Austrian Kurt Gödel twb muaj pov thawj hais tias postulates zoo li lub pab hypothesis, uas twb ntshai ua ib tug tus yuav tsum tau Hilbert axioms ntawm txheej kev tshawb xav, muaj nyob rau hauv tej system ntawm axioms. Qhov no daim ntawv qhia ntawd hais tias cov kev loj hlob ntawm science tsis sawv tseem thiab yuav tsis muaj, tab sis txhua lub sij hawm yuav tau txua tshiab axioms thiab txhais cov ntsiab - ib yam dab tsi uas yog tag nrho nruj heev heev rau tus tib neeg lub hlwb. Gilbert paub qhov no los ntawm tej kev, li ntawd, nws lub siab dawb paug zoo siab tsab foundations ntawm Godel.

"Lej teeb meem" Hilbert

Thaum 38 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov Congress of thom nug nyob rau hauv Paris, uas coj tuaj ua ke rau hauv lub qab zib ntawm cov science ntawm lub sij hawm, Gilbert hais rau "lej teeb meem", uas, raws li qhov kev kawm teeb meem muaj 23 yam tseem ceeb. Qhov tseem ceeb cov hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm txog zauv nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, Hilbert suav nquag tsim teb ntawm science (set kev tshawb xav, algebraic geometry, kev haumxeeb tsom xam, mathematical logic, kev tshawb xav tooj), txhua tus uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tseem ceeb paub tab uas kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog los sis tau txais ntawv pov thawj ntawm nws undecidability.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ua hauj lwm rau kev kawm txog zauv

Muaj ib hnub tus hluas me nyuam kawm ntawv tau hais kom Gilbert cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv, thiab tau txais cov lus teb ntawm txoj kev laus kawm: "Txais ib tug yoov rau cov rov qab sab ntawm lub hli" By Hubert hais tias, qhov teeb meem no tsis yog tshwj xeeb nthuav, tab sis dab tsi prospects yuav qhib nyob rau hauv nws kev txiav txim siab! Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yuav nws entailed ib qho tseem ceeb discoveries thiab inventions ntawm cov haib hom kev kawm!

Rightness Hilbert lus twb paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub neej: nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov hais tias tus tsim ntawm computers yog rau instant muab xam los ntawm cov hydrogen foob pob. Discoveries xws li cov tsaws ntawm cov thawj tug txiv neej nyob rau lub hli, huab cua kev twv rau lub tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, launching Sputnik los ua ib tug tsi ntawm by-product daws teeb meem. Tu siab, Gilbert muaj ib lub caij nyoog los ua ib tug tim khawv ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb.

Nyob rau hauv nws xyoo tom ntej, xibfwb helplessly saib lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev kawm txog zauv nyob rau hauv Göttingen, yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Nazis. Tuag David Hilbert, lub mathematician, ua li cas ib tug zoo pab rau science, Lub ob hlis ntuj 14, 1943 los ntawm lub txim ntawm ib tug tawg sab caj npab. Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag yog lub cev immobility lej.