Bromide, hydroxide, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate thiab poov tshuaj cyanide

Peb txiav txim siab kom huv si xyuas tag nrho cov tshuaj hais thiab lawv tebchaw? Ib tug zoo siab, kuv qhia rau pib nrog poov tshuaj. Nws cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov khoom uas koj yuav nrhiav tau, casting ib xyaum qhov muag lub periodic system ntawm D. I. Mendeleeva. Tab sis tau koj tau hnov dab tsi txog nws lub tebchaw? Kuv paub hais tias muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv teb tuav nws lub taub hau. Niaj hnub no peb xav txog lub tsib feem ntau paub sib txuas ntawm no hlau: bromide, hydroxide, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate thiab poov tshuaj cyanide.

1. poov tshuaj Bromide

Nws mis - KBr. Nws muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tsis muaj kob crystalline khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd lub poov tshuaj ntsev nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw, lub qhov chaw ntawm qhov seem (Br) uas - hydrobromic acid, tej zaum yuav hu ua poov tshuaj bromide. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm bromide ions tsim cov nyiaj compound nrog tib acid residue. Tsis tas li ntawd, poov tshuaj bromide yuav pab tsis haum uas ua rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov. Lwm txoj kev tshawb no siv nws IR spectra.

2. poov tshuaj hydroxide

Nws mis - Koh. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv nws yuav muab hu ua ib poov tshuaj hydroxide tshuaj, poov tshuaj hydroxide, caustic potash. Nws yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsis muaj kob muaju nrog ib tug high school cov hygroscopic zog. Tsaug rau nws, koj yuav tau txais poov tshuaj cyanide. Qhov no alkali yog lub npe hu raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive E525 thiab cov ntsha nyob rau hauv alkaline roj teeb. Txawm muaj no compound npaj methane, ntau yam poov tshuaj ntsev thiab fluorine-free zirconium hydroxide.

3. poov tshuaj carbonate

Nws mis - K ₂ CO _3. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yuav raug hu ua caustic potash los yog poov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws yog sawv cev raws li ib tug dawb crystalline khoom. Siv nws yog los kua xab npum, nyuaj lub khob los yog siv lead ua. Tseem nws yog ib tug zoo fertilizer rau ua liaj ua teb cov qoob loo. Nws paub yuav ua li cas ntawm cov anti additive nyob rau hauv vaj tse, raws li zoo raws li ib tug preservative E501.

4. poov tshuaj Nitrate

Nws mis - KNO _3. Qhov chaw sib txawv tej zaum yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm poov tshuaj, poov tshuaj nitrate, los yog Indian. Feem ntau, nws yog faib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov me me, uas tsis yog-volatile thiab me ntsis hygroscopic muaju, ntxhiab. Nws yog lub npe hu ua ib tug tseem ceeb chiv, ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv pyrotechnic tshuaj thiab pab kiag li lawm, ib tug muaj zog oxidizing neeg saib xyuas thiab cov zaub mov additive E252.

5. poov tshuaj sulfate

Nws mis - K2SO4. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kob uas muaju. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo tshuaj chlorine ua kom dawb chiv. Thaum ua iav, alum thiab ntau yam flux, qhov no poov tshuaj ntsev yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj.

6. Potassium Cyanide

Nws mis - KCN, thiab qhov no yog tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau txaus ntshai tshuaj. Nws yuav tsis tawg los yog nws tus kheej-igniting, txawm li cas los, cov acid residue thiab poov tshuaj cyanide nyob rau hauv ib kev twb kev txuas - cia "tuag mix" rau tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag. Instant kev tuag tshwm sim los ntawm haus ntawm 1.7 mg / kg ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Tab sis tsis muaj nws kev koom tes yog ua tsis tiav extraction ntawm kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm ores, electroplating ntau zoo zoo nkauj tshooj thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub siab.

xaus

Yog tias tsis yog tag nrho cov tebchaw ntawm cov hlau. Bromide, hydroxide, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate thiab poov tshuaj cyanide - tsuas yog ib feem ntawm ib tug Giant daim ntawv teev ntawm inorganic tshuaj uas muaj rau lub caij. Thiab tseem muaj thiab organic tebchaw - e.g., lactate, sorbate, fulminate, etc. thiab lwm yam Tab sis hais tias yog lwm lub npe.